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CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Denver  &  South  Park  Division  I  Union  Pacific  Ry. 

THE  SHORT,  QUICK  AND  COMFORTABLE  ROUTE 


.sJ.. 


TO- 


Leadville, 
Buena  Vista, 
Breclcenridge, 
Alma, 
Fairplay, 
Pitkin, 
Virginia  City 


(7 


TOURISTS  FAVORITE  ROUTE  • 


To  the  Celebrated  Health  and  Pleasure  Resorts  of  Colorado, 


J.  W.  Morse, 

Gen’l  Passenger  Agent,  Omaha. 


AND  ALL  THE  LEADING  MINING  CAMPS  IN  COLORADO. 

1  I  fef 

-  '  •  Ykpfe  !,* 

THIS  IS  THE  PRACTICAL  LINE  FOR  BUSINESS  TRAVEL 

Being  over  I  00  Miles  the  Shortest,  and  Several  Hours  the  Quickest  between  Denver  and  Leadville,  and  nearly  as 
much  Shorter  and  Quicker  to  all  the  above  points,  and  many  others. 

THE  SCENERY 

Along  the  line  is  unsurpassed.  Passing  through  the  renowned  Platte  Canon,  over  Kenosha  Summit,  across  the  beautiful  South 
Park,  and  through  the  Alpine  Tunnel  under  the  Great  Continental  Divide,  combining  the  greatest  variety  of  scenic  attrac¬ 
tions  to  be  lound  on  any  one  railroad  in  the  world.  It  is  the 


Among  which  are  Morrison  Springs,  Mineral  Springs  at  Deansbury,  Hartzell  Hot  Springs,  Cottonwood  Springs, 
Reywood  Springs,  Soda  Springs  at  Leadville,  The  Twin  Lakes,  and  many  other  places  amid  the  grandest  mountain  scenery. 


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-CONSISTING  of- 

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And  all  Modern  Improvements  for  Comfort  and  Safety. 


TWO  EXPRESS  TRAINS  EACH  WAY,  DAILY. 

Direct  connections  with  all  lines  of  the  Union  Pacific  Ry,  in  Union  Depot,  Denver,  and  with  Stages  at  many  points  for  all  the  great 
Mining  Camps  off  the  line  of  the  road. 

Through  Tickets  to  all  points.  Full  information  on  application  to 

Geo.  Ady,  J.  S.  Stebbins, 

Gen’l  Agt,  Pass.  &  Tkt.  Dep’ts,  Denver,  Col.  Gen’l  Ticket  Agent,  Omaha. 


THE  CHEAPEST  AND  BEST  GUIDE  BOOK  IN  THE  WORLD. 


CROFUTT’S 

NEW  OVERLAND  TOURIST 

— AND — 

Pacific  Coast  Guide 

— CONTAINS — 

Nearly  lOO  Magnificent  Illustrations 

Of  Scenery  in  Colorado,  Wyoming,  Utah,  Montana,  Oregon,  Nevada  and  California;  authentic 
descriptions  of  over  1,300  Cities,  Towns,  Villages,  Government  Forts  and  Camps,  Mountains,  Lakes, 
Rivers,  Sulphur,  Soda  and  Hot  Springs,  Watering  Places,  Summer  Resorts,  where  to  Hunt,  Fish, 
etc.,  etc.,  along  the  line  of  the 

Union,  Kansas,  Gentral,  and  Southern  Pacific  Railroads 

From  ttie  Missouri  River,  West  to  San  Francisco,  tttence  S outlaw ard. 
and  Eastward  via  Yuma  to  Casa  Grande,  in  Arizona. 

Not  only  every  city,  town,  village  and  station,  on  the  above  named  railroads,  are  described,  hut  on 
every  connecting  Railroad  and  throughout  the  whole  tributary  country— hundreds  of  miles  on 
each  side. 

The  following  railroads  are  the  principal  connections,  together  with  a  score  of  smaller  ones: 

COLORADO  CENTRAL, - DENVER  PACIFIC, - DENVER  &  RIO  GRANDE, - 

REPUBLICAN  VALLEY, - SAN  FRANCISCO  &  NORTH  PACIFIC  COAST , - 

UTAH  NORTHERN, - TJTAH  CENTRAL, - UTAH  WESTERN,  - AMERICAN 

FORK, - WASATCH  &  JORDAN  VALLEY. - BRIGHAM  CANYON, - EUREKA 

&  PALISADE, - UTAH  SOUTHERN, - NEVADA  COUNTY, - NAPA  VALLEY , 

- VIRGINIA  &  TRUCKEE, - NORTHERN, - CALIFORNIA  PACIFIC, - 

STOCKTON  &  VISALIA, SOUTHERN  PACIFIC, SACRAMENTO  VALLEY , 

SAN  FRANCISCO  &  NORTH  PACIFIC, - STOCKTON  &  COPPEROPOLIS, - 

CALIFORNIA  NORTHERN,  and  many  others  of  lesser  note. 

Also  UP  and  DOWN  the  SACRAMENTO  RIVER  by  STEAMER,  AROUND  SAN 
FRANCISCO  BAY  and  UP  the  COLORADO  RIVER. 

This  book  takes  the  tourist  on  the  longest  trip  of  any  guide  in  the  world,  and  records  a  tele¬ 
gram  of  the  most  important  facts  and  items  of  information.  The  route  is  over  the  broadest  plains, 
the  loftiest  mountains,  the  finest  agricultural  and  grazing  lands  ;  and  the  most  barren  deserts.  The 
scenery  is  wonderful;  at  one  time  on  the  brink  of  a  chasm,  3,500  feet  in  depth,  then  beside  a  Dome 
6,000  feet  in  height ;  at  another  time  on  a  mountain  10, 130 feet  above  and  then  366  below  sea  level. 
The  tourist  takes  breakfast  amid  the  eternal  snow,  and  supper  in  the  land  of  perpetual  summer ; 
gliding  down  from  above  “timber  line”  into  a  region  of  continuous  bloom,  where  the  luscious 
fruits  ripen  each  day  in  the  year,— even  unto  the  orange  groves  and  vineyards  of  the  “Land  of  the 
Angels.” 

Bound  in  full  cloth,  and  Railway  Edition  in  flexible  cloth. 

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LIBRARY 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


Belles  of  Colorado 


Name  and  locate  them  if  you  can.i 


C  ;  •  gy.t. 


CROFUTTS 


GRIP-SACK  GUIDE 


OF 


COLORADO. 


A  COMPLETE 


Encyclopedia  of  the  State* 

RESOURCES  AND  CONDENSED  AUTHENTIC  DESCRIPTIONS 


OF 


C  SnF  F  '  w  StATI™’  Post  0fpice  a™  Imwbtant  Mining  Camp  in  the  State 
Soba,  Sulphub,  Hot  and  Medicinal  Springs;  Sdmmeb,  Health  and  Pleasdbe 

Resorts  ;  The  Mining,  Stock  Raising  and  Farming  Interests  ; 

WHERE  TO  HUNT,  FISH,  AND  VIEW  THE  MOST  MAGNIFICENT  SCENERY  IN  THE  WORLD. 

ALTITUDES ,  DISTANCES,  ROUTES  AND  FARES. 

IN  FACT  IT  TELLS  YOU 

What  is  Worth  Seeing,  Where  to  See  It,  Where  to  Go,  How  to  Go 
Where  to  Stop,  and  What  It  Costs. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


By  GEO.  A.  CROFUTT, 

Author  of  “  Great  TbaMcw™^,  Railroad  Guide,”  "Crofutt’s  TrIns-Continental  Tourxst  - 

Crofutt  s  New  Overland  Tourist,”  etc.  ’ 


VOL.  1.-1881. 


OMAHA,  NEB.: 

The  Overland  Publishing  Co. 

ALVORD  &  CO.,  Denver. 

Barkalow  Bros.,  on  Union  Pacific  Railway  and  branches  •  BurlinYYY  1430  ^ews  Men-  Principal  of  which  are 

BAU.AOAL  n™  r  ....  XSiS’S&J  £re£R,Ver  E‘Ur“a  “dl““d  i  Kansas  A 

Co.. on  Atchison,  Topeha  G^nde  and  ,  Ch^o.  Bmhn^  . 

Gunlock  &  Dunn,  on  Chicago  &  Northwestern. 


Enters  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1881,  by  The  Overland  Pub.  Co.,  r, 


m  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


Custom  and  precedent  liave  made  the  preface  of  a  book  one  of  the  necessities  of  book-making. 
It  is  a  department  wherein  the  poor  scribe  is  expected  to  climb  down  on  his  marrow-bones  and 
apologize  for  something,  the  gist  of  which,  when  reduced  to  a  telegram,  would  read :  My  pen  is 
poor,  my  ink  is  bad;  if  you'll  excuse  me,  I'll  be  glad.  Now  we  don’t  propose  to  make  a  very 
elaborate  apology,  as  we  have  done  the  best  we  could  under  the  circumstances,  and  should  any 
of  our  readers  think  they  can  do  better,  we  say,  Try  it! 

t 

Our  aim  has  been  to  decide,  in  our  own  mind,  the  wants  of  the  public  —  of  all  classes  — 
anticipate  their  questions,  and  then  to  answer  them,  in  as  concise  and  comprehensive  a  manner 
as  possible. 

The  Grip-Sack  is  not  written  in  the  interest  of  any  corporation — railway,  land,  or  mining 
company— but  is  wholly  independent,  without  fear,  favor,  or  hope  of  reward,  further  than  the 
merits  of  the  book  will  justify. 

We  have  given  a  hasty  review  of  the  State  at  large;  made  “tours”  over  all  the  railways; 
described  527  cities,  towns,  stations,  mining  camps,  etc.,  and  how  to  reach  them,  with  distances 
and  fares ;  current  wages,  and  where  laborers  are  in  demand ;  a  list  of  all  the  post  offices  in  the 
State  —  384  —  together  with  seventy-nine  post  roads ;  we  have  noticed  the  wonderful  pre-historic 
ruins,  and  given  the  English  for  605  mining  terms  in  common  use,  including  Spanish,  Mexican, 
Cornish,  and  American.  As  a  portion  of  the  State’s  resources,  will  be  found  twelve  of  the 
representative  “Belles  of  Colorado,”  from  as  many  cities  and  towns.  These  portraits  are  print¬ 
ed —  as  well  as  the  view  of  the  city  of  Denver — by  the  artotype  process  of  Mr.  W.  G.  Chamberlain, 
of  Denver,  from  photographs  furnished  by  representative  men  of  different  places,  and  are  of 
unquestioned  respectability. 

The  above,  together  with  many  important  features — nearly  one  hundred  illustrations,  and 
the  best  map  of  Colorado  ever  published — is  the  only  apology  for  writing  this  book  that  will  be 
offered  by  the 

Author. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  January,  1881. 


Omaha  Herald, 

Electrotypers,  Printers,  and  Binders, 
Omaha,  Neb. 


o 


General  Index. 

Page. 

Page. 

Colorado . from 

23  to  30 

Alphaoetical  list  of  Cities,  Towns,  Yillages, 

Denver, .  “ 

31  “  34 

Stations,  Mining  Camps,  etc.,  etc.  .from  71  to  155 

Tours  by  Rail . 

35 

Post  Roads  of  Colorado . 

“  156  “  161 

Tour  One,  Colo.  Div.  Broad  Gauge,  U.  P.  Ry  .36  “  40 

Post  Offices  “  “ 

“  161  “  162 

Tour  Two,  Colo.  Div.  Narrow  Gauge,  U.  P.  Ry.  40  “  44 

An  Underground  World . 

“  163  “  164 

Tour  Three,  Cheyenne  Div.  U.  P.  Ry . 

.44  “  45 

Ancient  Ruins . 

“  165  “  169 

Tour  Four,  Kansas  Pacific  Div.  U.  P.  Ry. . . 

.45  “  48 

Glossary  of  Mining  Terms . 

“  171  “  176 

Tour  Five,  South  Park  Div.  U.  P.  Ry . 

.48  “  53 

Items  as  they  Rnn . 

“  177  “  182 

Tour  Six,  D.  &  R.  G.  Ry.  to  Leadville . 

.53  “  60 

Stock-raising,  Cattle,  Sheep,  etc . 

.  45  “  46 

Tour  Seven,  D.  &  R.  G.  Ry.  to  San  Juan _ 

.60  “  66 

Classified  Business  Directory . 

.  183 

Tour  Eight,  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  FeRy.. 67  “  69 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

4 

Page. 

Page. 

Belles  of  Colorado— Artotype . Frontispiece. 

Colorado  Springs  and  Pike’s  Peak. . . . 

.  87 

Elk,  in  North  Park . 

...  19 

Cataract  Gorge,  Platte  Canon . 

.  90 

American  Progress . 

....  22 

Cathedral  Rocks,  “  “ 

91 

Chicago  Lakes . 

...  26 

Grey’s  Peak,  from  Snake  River  Pass. . 

.  94 

Mt.  Holy  Cross . 

Grand  River — Middle  Park . 

.  95 

City  of  Denver— Artotype . 

....  33 

Long’s  Peak,  from  Estes’  Park . 

.  98 

“  of  Leadville,  on  map  of  Colorado . 

City  of  Georgetown . 

Map,  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway . 

Green  Lake,  near  Georgetown . 

Mountain  and  Canon  View . 

...  30 

Kelso  Cabin,  Grey’s  Peak . 

.  103 

Clear  Creek  Canon . 

...  34 

Red  Rock  Spires,  near  Boulder  City. . 

. .  106 

Portrait  Hon.  W.  A.  H.  Loveland . 

...  35 

Mineral  Springs,  near  Idaho  City . 

Camping  Out  in  Estes’  Park . 

...  38 

Summit  Lake . 

Artists’  Mountain  Camp . 

...  39 

Granite  Falls,  near  Lake  City . 

Snowy  Range,  from  James’  Trail . 

...  39 

Crook’s  Reduction  Works,  Lake  City. 

.  ....  115 

Ziz-zag  Railroad  from  Black  Hawk  to  Central 

Grey’s  Peak . 

.  119 

City . 

...  42 

Scene  in  Middle  Park . 

Devil’s  Gate,  near  Georgetown . 

...  43 

Outlet  of  Grand  Lake,  Middle  "Park 

.  126 

Cattle  Brand . 

. . . .  46 

Double-Header,  Clear  Creek  Canon 

.  127 

Boston  &  Colorado  Reduction  Works . 

. . . .  47 

Starting  on  a  New  Trail . 

.  130 

Nearing  Kenosha  Hill . 

. . . .  50 

Out  on  Yacation  “Roughing  it,” . 

.  131 

Hydraulm  Mining . 

.  . . .  51 

Climbing  Ute  Pass,  Wagon  Road . 

.  135 

Portrait  General  W.  J.  Palmer . 

. . . .  53 

Old  Man  of  the  Mountains . 

Garden  of  the  Gods . 

. . . .  54 

Hanging  Rock— Clear  Creek  Canon.. 

.  142 

Rock  Cones,  Garden  of  the  Gods . 

55 

Rolling  Down  “  “  “ 

147 

Royal  Gorge,  Arkansas  River . 

. . . .  58 

Lower  Twin  Lakes . 

.  150 

South  Park  from  Kenosha  Hill . 

.  . . .  59 

Tinner  “  “  . . 

.  IKK 

Bird’s-Eye  Yiew  of  Pueblo  and  Surroundings..  61 

Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  Rio  Grande  Del  Norte .  151 

Crossing  Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains . 

. . . .  63 

Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  near  Wagon  Wheel  Gap  154 

Fort  Garland . . . . 

Post  Rider,  on  the  trail . 

Packers,  Crossing  the  Mountains . 

. . . .  66 

Crossing  Camas  Divide,  D.  &  R.  G.  Extension. .  159 

Snow  Skates . 

. . . .  66 

Cyclopean  Cave,  near  Leadville . 

.  163 

Grape  Creek  Canon,  near  Canon  City, . 

. . .  .  67 

Chronicle  Rotunda . 

Temple,  Grape  Creek  Canon . 

....  67 

Cliff  Dwellings,  Southwestern  Colorado .  166 

The  Picket- wire . 

69 

Y alley  of  San  Juan 

167 

Boulder  Canon . 

. .  ..70-78 

Cliffs,  and  Cliff  Houses,  “  “ 

.  168 

Cache-a-la  Poudre  Canon . 

. . . .74-83 

Placer  Mining  on  San  Miguel . 

.  170 

Beaver  Brook  Station,  Clear  Creek . 

....  75 

Looking  a-leetle-out . 

.  177 

Gulch  Mining,  near  Breckenridge . 

....  79 

Hunting  in  Middle  Park . 

.  179 

Needle  Rocks . 

. . . .  82 

New  Map  of  Colorado . 

Yiew  near  the  “Garden  of  the  Gods” . 

. . . .  86 

■ 

;  ■dgci-i?  _  ■  . _  ?  'H )  cvw  v 


eil,  'g's 

C.2,1 


r 


Spanish-Mexican  and  Indian  Names 


FOUND  IN  THIS  BOOK,  WITH  THEIR  PRONUNCIATION  AND  SIGNIFICATION. 


Animas— Souls. 
Apishapa— Apish-a-paw. 
dian  name. 


An  In- 


Barela— Proper  name,  after  whom 
a  settlement  was  named. 

Bijou— B  iz  h-u.  Jewel. 

Blanco— White. 

Cavnero  —  Car  -  nar  -  o.  Sheep- 
wether. 

Canada  del  burro—  Can-ya-da-del- 
Boo-ro.  Donkey  Canon. 

Chama -Chah-mah.  Indian  name. 

Chicosa—  Che  -co-  sa.  Abounding 
in  “ chico ,”  an  indigenous  shrub. 

Chiletille—  Cliilee-tee-ya.  Chile 
is  red  pepper. 

Cochetopa — Indian  name. 

Conejos — Co-na-hos.  Babbits. 

Costilla — Cos-tee-ya.  Bib. 

Crestones— Crests  —  three  promi¬ 
nent  peaks. 

Cucharas— Spoons. 

Culebra — Cu-la-bra.  A  snake. 

Dolores — Griefs. 

El  Moro— From  El  Moro  in  Spain. 

Florida — Flo-ree-da.  Flowery. 

Guadalupe—  Wlia-da-loo-pe.  Pro¬ 
per  name — for  a  Biver  in  Spain. 

Huerfano — Whar-fa-no.  Orphan. 

Hermosilla — Er-mo-seya.  Beauty. 

Hermosa— Er-vioso.  Beautiful. 

Ignacio— Ignatius. 


La  Garita— La  Ga-ree-ta.  Sentry 
box. 

La  Junta— La  Hon-ta.  Shrub¬ 
bery,  brush. 

La  Jara— La  Hah-ra. 

La  Plata— Silver. 

La  Yeta — La  Va-ta.  The  lode,  or 
lead. 

Loma — Small  table  lands  on  both 
sides  of  a  river. 

Los  Madriles — Ma-dree-les. 

Lucero— La  Say-ro.  The  Morning 
Star,  proper  name,  after  whom 
a  settlement  was  named. 

Manassa— Scripture  name-  a  Mor¬ 
mon  colony. 

Mariposa — Butterfly. 

Mosco — A  pass — named  for  the 
finder. 

Navajo— Nav-a-ho.  Indian  name. 

Nutria — Nu-tre-ali.  Beaver. 

Nutrita— Nu-tre-ta.  little  beaver. 

Ojo—  O-lio.  Spring 

Ojo  N^pesta— Indian  name. 

Pagosa  —  Pah-gosa.  Indian  for 
boiling  spring. 

Placita — a  small  plaza. 

Piedra — Pe-a-dra.  Bock 

Pinos— Pe-nos.  Pines. 

Poncho  —  Poncho.  An  Indian 
name. 

Bincones— Corners— name  of  a  pla¬ 
za. 


U 


62968 


Bio  Alto— High  river. 
Bosita  —  Bo-sie-ta.  Bosy- 
rose. 


•  little 


Sallado— Sa-ya-do.  Salt. 
Saguache  —  Sa-watch.  Indian 
name. 

Santa  Clara— St.  Clare. 

San  Acacio— Name  of  saint. 

San  Antonio— St.  Anthony. 

San  Christobal — St.  Christobal. 
San  Isidro— San  Is-ee-dro. 

San  Jose— San-o -za.  St.  Joseph. 
San  Juan — San-wlian.  St.  John. 
San  Luis — St.  Louis. 

San  Miguel  —  San  -  Migill.  St. 
Michael. 

San  Bafael  —  San-Ba-pliale.  St. 
Baphael. 

Tijeras—  Te-hay-ass. 
Towicm-To-mee-che.  Indian  name. 
Trinchera — Trin-chiy-ra.  French 
for  intrenchment;  site  of  former 
Indian  fight. 

Trinidad. — Trinity. 

Uncomp  ahgre—  Un-com-pah-gree. 
Indian  name. 

Yallecito—  Va-ye-ce-to.  Little 
valley. 

Yernal— Yerdant;  like  summer. 
Yigil—  Ve-heel.  Proper  name ;  for 
whom  a  settlement  was  named. 

Wahatoya — Wa-ha-toy-a.  Indian; 
two  breasts ;  twins. 


AMERICAN  PROGRESS 


Colorado. 


This  State,  although  the  youngest  in  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Union,  possesses  nearly  all  the  natural  ad¬ 
vantages  of  her  old  sisters,  while  in  many  re¬ 
spects  she  stands  forth  pre-eminently  superior 
to  any  of  them ;  and  to  the  world  at  large. 

WHAT  CAN  BE  CLAIMED  FOB,  COLOEADO. 

The  largest  coal  vein  in  the  world. 

The  greatest  number  of  developed  ore-produc¬ 
ing  mines. 

The  greatest  number  of  mine  locations. 

The  greatest  number  of  medicinal  and  min¬ 
eral  springs. 

The  longest  and  deepest  canons  in  the  world. 

The  grandest  canon  and  mountain  scenery. 

The  largest  substantial  city  of  its  age  in  the 
world. 

The  most  healthful  climate. 

The  highest  mountain  ranges,  peaks  and  parks 
in  the  union,  and  the  source  of  the  greatest 
number  of  large  rivers. 

The  finest,  most  abundant  and  greatest  va¬ 
riety  of  game,  feathered  and  haired,  as  well 
as  the  most  numerous  streams  stocked  with 
the  finest  trout. 

The  most  abundant  waiter  power ;  mill  sites 
and  dam  sites,  are  numberless. 

The  most  accessable  for  tourists  and  health 
seekers  from  the  populous  States  of  America, 
and  the  cheapest. 

The  “  biggest”  little  railway  in  the  world. 

These  superior  advantages,  together  with  one 
of  the  most  complete  school  systems,  place  the 
young  State  of  Colorado  in  the  front  rank  of  pro¬ 
gress,  and,  should  we  judge  from  the  rapid  ad¬ 
vancement  of  the  past  twenty  years,  before  the 
dawn  of  the  second  Centennial  of  American  In¬ 
dependence,  she  will  be  the  most  populous  as  well 
as  one  of  the  wealthiest  of  all  her  sister  States. 

Colorado  was  admitted  as  a  State  in  July, 
1876,  one  hundred  years  after  the  Declaration 
of  American  Independence,  from  which  fact  it 
is  often  denominated  the  “  Centennial  State.” 
It  is  situated  between  the  thirty- seventh  and 
forty-first  degrees  of  north  latitude  and  the 
twenty-fifth  and  thirty- second  meridians  of 
longitude  west  from  Washington,  containing  103,- 
912  square  miles,  about  one-third  of  which  is 
prairie  lands,  lying  eas'-  of  the  base  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains ;  the  other  two-thirds  are 
mountainous,  with  parks  and  small  valleys 
sandwiched  in  between  the  mountain  ranges. 


The  greater  portion  of  the  prairie  section  of 
the  State  is  occupied  almost  exclusively  by  stock- 
raisers,  as  are  also  many  of  the  mountain  parks 
and  mountain  valleys. 

It  is  not  our  province  or  purpose  to  enter 
into  the  history,  or  a  very  minute  description 
of  Colorado ;  other  and  abler  pens  have  essayed 
the  task. 

Volumes  could  not  suffice  to  do  justice  to  her 
vast  resources,  her  inexhaustible  mines  of  gold, 
silver,  iron,  coal,  copper,  etc.,  her  rich  and  fer¬ 
tile  valleys ;  her  broad  plains,  on  which  roam 
millions  of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses ;  her  varied 
agricultural  resources ;  her  dense  forests  and 
lofty  mountains,  mineral  and  medicinal  springs, 
grand  canons  and  magnificent  scenery,  genial 
climate  and  whole-souled  people ;  these  cannot 
be  described  in  one  small  “  grip-sack”  volume ; 
they  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated,  and  the 
reader  of  any  work  treating  on  Colorado  must 
live  among  her  hardy,  hospitable  people  be¬ 
fore  a  correct  understanding  of  their  real  char¬ 
acter  can  be  obtained. 

climate  And  health. 

The  climate  in  Colorado  is  dry  and  very 
healthy;  diseases  common  in  the  older  States 
are  unknown  here.  Pulmonary  complaints  are 
either  eradicated  from  the  system  of  invalids 
who  resort  to  this  country,  or  the  disease  be¬ 
comes  so  modified  that  the  sufferer  enjoys  a 
marked  improvement  in  health.  Within  the 
last  few  years  numerous  hot  springs  have  been 
discovered  in  various  parts  of  the  State,  which 
are  admitted  to  possess  great  medicinal  qual¬ 
ities,  particularly  for  the  cure  of  rheumatism 
and  kindred  diseases. 

IRRIGATION  AND  CROPS. 

In  some  counties  of  the  State  irrigating  ca¬ 
nals,  carrying  large  streams  of  water,  taken 
out  of  the  mountain  rivers,  near  the  moun 
tains,  have  been  built,  extending  for  fifty  miles 
or  more  over  the  plains,  from  which  innumer¬ 
able  small  ditches  conduct  the  water  over  the 
fields  of  the  farmers,  thus  insuring  good 
crops,  as  irrigation  is  necessary  on  nearly  all 
tillable  land  m  the  State ;  yet  there  are  a  few 
patches  along  the  river  bottoms  and  about 
springs  where  crops  can  be  raised  without  irri¬ 
gation,  but  they  are  liable  to  be  destroyed 
at  any  time  by  overflow  or  too  much  water. 


24  CBOFUTT’  S  GBIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

•  • 


Wheat  yields  from  30  to  50  bushels  to  the 
acre  and  other  small  grains  do  well.  Corn, 
except  in  Boulder  and  Larimer  counties  and 
vicinity,  is  not  a  success  as  compared  with 
some  eastern  States.  Vegetables  of  all  kinds 
do  remarkably  well  in  all  parts  of  the  State 
where  the  land  is  supplied  with  water.  In  the 
southwestern  portion  of  the  State,  in  La  Plata 
and  Conejos  counties,  we  have  seen  vegeta¬ 
bles  in  the  fields  and  markets  unsurpassed  in 
abundance,  flavor  and  size  by  any  portion  of 
the  older  States. 

COAL  AND  IRON. 

Coal  is  abundant  all  over  the  State ; 
mostly  bituminous,  and  is  harder,  brighter, 
less  dirty  and  leaves  less  residue  than  most 
of  the  coal  found  elsewhere.  At  Durango,  on 
the  Animas  Biver  in  La  Plata  county,  a  coal 
vein  crops  out  near  the  town,  ninety  feet  in 
thickness,  of  good  cooking  qualities ;  about  five 
miles  from  the  town  is  a  small  vein  of  an¬ 
thracite  coal,  said  to  equal  the  best  coals  of 
that  kind  found  in  Pennsylvania.  Coal  is  also 
found  in  the  counties  of  Boulder,  Jefferson, 
Fremont,  Las  Animas,  Gunnison,  Conejos, 
Ouray,  and  several  others.  Large  quantities  of 
iron  ore,  of  good  quality,  are  often  found  in 
connection  with  the  coal  deposits.  One  deposit 
of  iron  ore  recently  discovered  within  five 
miles  of  Placer,  in  Costilla  county,  is  90  per 
cent,  iron,  almost  pure  metal.  This  has  been 
tested  and  found  so  valuable  that  a  party  of 
capitalists  have  associated  themselves  together, 
purchased  the  mine,  built  a  railway  to  it,  and 
have  now  in  course  of  erection,  near  Pueblo, 
one  of  the  largest  steel  works  in  this  country. 
Manufacturers  of  machinery  and  all  kinds  of 
iron  implements  would  find  in  Colorado  an 
abundance  of  raw  material  and  an  almost  un¬ 
limited  market. 

Paper  mills,  woolen  mills,  and  lead  works, 
would  be  found  very  profitable  in  this  State. 

PRECIOUS  METALS. 

Gold,  silver,  copper,  and  lead  are  the  princi¬ 
pal  mineral  productions  of  the  State,  and 
are  found  principally  in  the  most  mountainous 
portions  of  the  State.  Pike’s  Peak  became  fa¬ 
mous  in  1858-9,  though  it  is  said  that  gold  was 
discovered  in  the  Territory  in  1849,  The  Pla¬ 
cer  mines  were  never  very  extensive,  at  least 
those  which  were  discovered  in  early  days 
were  not  lasting  ones;  but,  within  the  last 
year  attention  has  been  directed  to  these  old 
mines,  and  several  companies  have  been  formed 
with  ample  means  for  not  only  working  over 
the  old  placers  but  many  new  ones  by  im¬ 
proved  hydraulic  process  We  have  known  one 
of  these  companies  to  clean  up  an  ounce  of  gold 
a  day  to  the  hand  for  several  weeks  in  succes¬ 
sion,  yet  it  did  not  seem  to  surprise  anyone 
in  the  vicinity.  The  fact  is  Coloradoans  have 
got  so  accustomed  to  hearing  of  and  seeing 


“big  strikes,”  that  it  would  almost  take  a  moun¬ 
tain  of  solid  gold  to  excite  their  surprise. 

The  chief  wealth  of  the  mines  lies  in  the 
gold  and  silver-bearing  quartz  lodes.  In  many 
of  the  mines  the  ores  are  very  refractory,  and 
large  fortunes  have  been  expended  to  find 
some  way  to  work  these  ores  in  such  a  man¬ 
ner  as  to  secure  a  profit.  In  many  of  the  mill 
runs  of  Gilpin  county  the  “tailings”  from  the 
mills  are  found  to  be  worth  as  much  as  the 
ore  yielded  by  mill  process.  Many  plans  have 
been  adopted  and  as  many  discarded.  About 
the  only  works  that  have  proved  a  success  are 
those  at  Argo,  near  Denver,  under  the  charge 
of  Prof.  Hill.  These  works  are  the  largest  in 
Colorado,  and  most  successful. 

NEW  MINING  CAMPS. 

Just  before  starting  out  from  Denver  on  a 
three  month’s  tour  through  the  mining  cities, 
towns  and  camps  of  the  San  Juan  and  Gunni¬ 
son  countries,  we  met  an  old  California  miner 
who  claimed  to  have  visited  every  mining  camp 
west  of  the  range,  and  he  assured  us  that 
“all  the  reports  of  rich  lode  mines  in  either 
the  San  Juan  or  Gunnison  are  a  fraud,”  that 
“there  are  not  500  people  in  the  whole  coun¬ 
try,  and  they  would  leave,  but  are  too  poor.” 
We  thought  he  lied,  but  as  he  weighed  the  most, 
and  had  a  couple  of  “guns”  in  his  belt,  we  ex¬ 
cused  him  and  did  not  express  our  thoughts, 
but  concluded  if  such  was  the  case  it  would 
be  well  to  provide  ourselves  with  a  “grub¬ 
stake”  before  starting.  We  made  the  tour,  over 
3,400  miles,  and  was  never  out  of  sight  of 
civilization  one  hour  at  a  time.  People  are  scat¬ 
tered  all  over  the  country,  prospecting,  mining, 
stock  raising,  cutting  grass,  building  bridges  and 
wagon  roads,  publishing  newspapers,  building 
smelting  works,  and  mills,  erecting  large  busi¬ 
ness  blocks,  and  prosecuting  all  kinds  of  busi¬ 
ness  enterprises  with  a  vim,  vigor  and  push  that 
says  :  “This  country  is  good  enough  for  us.  We 
have  come  to  stay.’ 

From  what  we  saw  on  our  tour  we  are 
fully  convinced  in  our  own  mind  that  that 
portion  of  Colorado,  usually  included  when 
speaking  of  the  San  Juan  and  Gunnison  coun¬ 
tries,  is  the  richest  in  mineral  deposits,  and  soon 
will  be  the  most  populous  section  of  Colorado. 
What  is  needed  is  railroads,  cheap  freight,  mills, 
machinery,  and  smelting  furnaces.  The  ores 
are  there,  they  are  rich,  they  are  apparently 
inexhaustible. 

TREASURES  CROP-OUT. 

On  a  mountain  in  Hinsdale  county,  one  side 
of  which  has  been  cut  away  by  the  action  of 
the  waters  in  past  ages,  leaving  it  perpendic¬ 
ular  and  in  places  overhanging  to  the  height 
of  over  a  thousand  feet,  a  great  number  of 
veins  of  mineral  “crop-out”  from  the  sides  in 
well-delined  bodies,  some  of  which  can  be 
traced  along  the  cliff  for  miles,  and  can  be 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE .  25 


seen  from  miles  away.  Pieces  from  these  ore 
veins  have  been  picked  up  at  the  base  of  the 
cliff  which  assayed  over  $100  in  silver  with  a 
large  per  cent,  of  lead.  The  location  of  these 
lodes  are  well  known  in  the  country,  but, 
as  they  are  all  the  way  from  400  to  1,000 
feet  high,  in  a  perpendicular  cliff,  inaccessi¬ 
ble,  they  have  not  been  “staked”  or  “recorded.” 
Another  reason  is,  the  country  is  full  of  mines 
“laying  around  loose,”  that  are  rich  and  easy 
of  access.  The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Rail¬ 
way  has  been  so  successful  spanning  mountain 
gorges,  laying  out  cities,  running  to  mines  and 
climbing  the  mountains  generally,  we  would 
hardly  be  surprised  to  find  on  our  next  return 
to  this  country,  that  one  of  the  stations  of 
this  railway  was  suspended  by  a  celestial  cable 
just  on  a  level  with  the  mines,  that  the  com¬ 
pany  had  staked  off  the  side  of  the  cliff,  and 
was  selling  town  lots  to  the  gaping  multitude. 

MOUNTAIN  SCENERY. 

The  grandest  mountains  and  mountain  scenery 
is  found  in  Colorado.  The  highest  peaks  rise, 
snow-clad,  proudly  and  defiantly  in  the  clear 
blue  sky;  their  gray  sides  and  white  crests 
being  visible  in  this  clear  atmosphere  for  many, 
many  miles  away. 

In  the  pure  air  of  this  country  objects  like 
these  are  visible  for  a  great  distance,  so  great 
indeed,  that  were  it  named,  those  who  have 
never  been  in  these  regions,  we  fear,  would 
doubt  the  statement.  Mt.  Blanca  is  said  to  be 
the  highest  peak  in  Colorado — 14,464  feet,  out 
of  forty- one  that  range  between  that  figure  and 
,  14,000.  The  Alps — storied  monuments  of  poet¬ 
ical  legendary  fame — cannot  compare  with 
these  mountains  in  scenes  of  sublime  beauty 
and  awful  grandeur.  Here,  all  the  vast  scene 
is  before  you ;  the  pure  air  brings  the  distant 
mountains  within  your  vision,  as  though  anxious 
that  the  whole  grand  beauty  of  the  scene  should 
be  visible  at  one  and  the  same  time.  The  mind 
drinks  in  the  inspiration  of  the  glorious  vision 
at  one  draught,  and  filled  with  awe,  wonder  and 
admiration,  the  bounding  heart  almost  stands 
still,  while  the  eager  eyes  gaze  on  the  grandest 
panorama  in  nature.  From  the  top  of  Gray’s 
Peak,  a  morning  scene  of  glorious  beauty  is  un¬ 
folded  to  the  visitor,  such  as  one  rarely  sees  in 
any  clime,  for  nature  in  her  wildest  moods, 
has  never  excelled  her  handiwork  in  the  pano¬ 
ramic  view  spread  out  in  every  direction. 

Nowhere  in  the  old  world  do  we  ascend  so 
high,  from  no  point  is  the  view  so  wide  and  so 
expansive.  From  Alpine  summits  the  tourists’ 
gaze  extends  over  one  petty  province  to  rest 
upon  another.  Here,  the  eye  fails  to  reach  the 
full  extent  of  our  boundary,  and  the  far  horizon 
closes  in  the  scene  by  dropping  an  airy  curtain, 
whose  fleecy  fringes  rest  on  mountain  peaks  and 
vast  plains  in  far  distant  portions  of  the  same 
fair  land. 


THE  SNOWY  RANGES. 

The  Continental  Divide  rears  far  heavenward 
its  serried  peaks — from  one  side  of  which  the 
waters  of  innumerable  springs  and  the  melting 
snows  ripple  softly  away  as  though  afraid  to 
venture  on  their  long  journey  to  the  Atlantic 
Ocean — on  the  other  side  of  the  crest  the  scene 
is  repeated,  only  that  the  waters  reach  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  other  side  of  the  conti¬ 
nent.  So  close  in  infancy,  so  far  separated  at 
their  grave,  the  ocean.  This  point  is  the 
apex,  the  center  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Range, 
the  crowning  peak  of  that  backbone,  whose  iron 
ribs  are  represented  by  the  many  spurs  that 
branch  away  in  earnest  support  of  the  whole 
grand  mountain  system.  From  this  divide, 
range  on  range,  gorge  after  gorge,  can  be  seen, 
interspersed  with  rugged  peaks,  which  lend  a 
peculiar  wildness  to  the  scene.  Far  away  to 
the  east  lies  the  vast,  greyish  expanse  of  the 
plains,  looking  like  some  great  ocean,  its  breast 
unstirred  by  the  passing  breeze,  or  rippled  by 
a  single  prow.  Nearer,  still,  along  the  streams 
as  they  tumble  through  the  foothills,  along  the 
bordering  mountains,  nestling  in  the  hollows 
and  between  the  brown  heights,  lie  miniature 
prairies,  patches  of  green,  on  which  the  rays 
of  the  sun  fall  in  folds  of  golden  light,  envel¬ 
oping  them  in  a  flood  of  golden  beauty. 
Small  and  insignificant  as  they  appear  when 
compared  with  the  vast  sea  of  plains  beyond, 
they  are  really  large  valleys,  in  which  are  found 
the  best  grazing  and  dairying  lands  in  the  State. 

There  are  other  valleys,  as  seen  from  the 
mountain  tops,  which  prove  on  entering  them 
to  be  both  wide  and  long.  They  consist  of 
the  North,  Middle,  South,  and  San  Luis 
Parks.  Each  is  a  great  central  park  or  val¬ 
ley  in  itself,  shut  out  from  its  neighbors  by 
dividing  ranges  of  rugged  hills,  the  only  en¬ 
trances  being  along  the  numerous  water¬ 
courses,  which  have  their  origin  in  the  valleys 
and  surrounding  peaks  and  cut  their  way 
through  their  prison  walls  in  their  passage  to 
the  sea.  The  extent  of  these  parks  vary, 
the  largest  being  about  80  miles  long  with  an 
average  width  of  40  miles.  The  smallest  of 
the  number  will  not  exceed  30  miles  in 
length,  with  a  width  of  about  15  miles.  Some 
of  these  lie  on  the  Pacific  side  of  the  “back¬ 
bone,”  while  others  rest  on  the  Atlantic,  their 
altitude  being  from  7,000  to  10,000  feet. 
They  are,  in  fact,  great  upland  basins,  the 
reservoirs  of  the  debris  which  for  centuries  have 
washed  down  the  mountain  sides.  Their  soil 
is  fertile,  yielding  wild  grasses  in  abundance, 
furnishing  food  for  vast  herds  of  cattle,  sheep 
and  game.  In  Europe  or  New  England,  were 
such  plains  found  at  such  an  altitude  and  in 
similar  latitude,  they  would  be  worthless  bar¬ 
ren  wastes,  probably  regions  of  perpetual  ice 
and  snow;  but  here,  grains  are  successfully 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


CHICAGO  LAKES,  NEAR  ID 

cultivated,  and  cattle  graze  and  fatten  the 
year  round  at  the  height  of  7,000  feet,  while 
those  valleys  which  lie  between  this  altitude 
and  that  of  the  highest — 10,000  feet — and  in¬ 
cluding  those,  also  furnish  the  best  of  summer 
pasturage  and  great  crops  of  natural  grasses 
which  are  cured  for  hay  and  sold  in  the  mining 
towns.  These  great  fertile  areas  constitute  one 
of  the  great  resources  of  Colorado. 

THE  FUTURE  OF  COLORADO. 

The  chief  industry  of  this  State  is  mining. 
And  mining  enterprises  make  a  better  show¬ 
ing  to-day  than  any  other  industry  on  the  face 
of  the  globe.  Statistics  show  that  95  per  cent. 


AHO  SPRINGS,  COLORADO 

of  all  mercantile  and  manufacturing  enterprises 
result  in  failure.  Railroads  which  have  been 
considered  the  most  profitable  investments, 
have  time  and  again  received  assistance  from 
the  Government,  but  have  paid  only  about  21- 
per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  capital  invested, 
while  mining  has  paid  upwards  of  18  per  cent, 
per  annum  in  spite  of  all  obstacles  The  very 
fact  that  evil  and  designing  men  make  use  of 
the  reputation  which  mining  has  acquired  to 
further  their  own  selfish  interests,  prove  con¬ 
clusively  that  it  is  generally  considered  not 
only  legitimate  but  profitable  business. 

Population  of  the  Territory  in  1870,  89,868; 
in  1880,  195,161 ;  increase  in  ten  years,  155,292. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  27 


CURRENT  WAGES  IN  COLO¬ 
RADO. 

Coloradoans,  as  a 
class,  are  working  peo- 
I  pie,  always  busy.  It  is 
I  no  place  for  drones. 

There  is  always  work  of 
!  some  kind  for  all  those 
who  honestly  seek  it. 

Make  a  name  for  hon¬ 
esty,  sobriety  and  relia¬ 
bility,  and  you  can  soon 
attain  any  position,  and 
salary  that  your  abilities 
will  warrant.  If  you  are 
not  such  a  person,  stay 
away  from  Colorado,  and 
let  your  friends,  if  you 
have  any,  support  you 
in  idleness. 

Railroad  Laborers, 

$1.50  to  $2.25  per  day. 

Rockmen,  $2.50  to 
$3.00  per  day. 

Spikers,  $2.00  to  $2.50 
per  day. 

Heelers  and  Car-men 
$2.00  to  $2.50  per  day. 

This  class  of  men  are 
always  in  demand. 

Quarrymen,  $2.00  to 
$2.25  per  day. 

Wagonmakers,  $2.00 
to  $3.00  per  day. 

Blacksmiths,  $2.00  to 
$3.00  per  day. 

Roofers,  $2.00  to$  3.00 
per  day. 

Carpenters,  $2.00  to 
$3.50  per  day. 

Brickyard  Hands, 

$1.75  to  $2.50  per  day. 

Brick  Moulders,  $2.50 
to  $3.50  per  day. 

Foundry  Moulders, 

$3.00  per  day. 

Tinners,  $2.25  to  $3.00 
per  day. 

Men  in  Smelters,  $1.75 
to  $3.50  per  day. 

Stonecutters,  $4.00  per 
1  day. 

City  Laborers,  $1.50 
I  to  $2.00  per  day. 

Brakemen,  $2.00  to 
I  $2.50  per  day. 

Firemen,  $2.00  to 
$2.50  per  day. 

Coal  Miners,  75c.  to  $1.00  per  ton. 

Gold  and  Silver  Miners,  $2.00  to  $3.50  per 
day. 

Gulch  Miners,  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day. 


Log  Choppers,  $1.00  to  $1.20  per  1,000  feet. 
Wood  Choppers,  $1.00  to  $1.10  per  cord. 
Sawmill  Men,  $1.50  to  $3.50  per  day  and 
board. 


28 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Teamsters,  $25  to  $35  per  month  and  board. 

Bullwhackers,  $25  to  $85  per  month  and  board. 

Mnleskinners,  $30  to  $40  per  month  and 
board. 

Farm  Hands,  $20  to  $30  per  month  and 
board. 

Cattle  and  Sheep  Herders,  $20  to  $30  per 
month  and  board. 

Brick  Layers,  $3.50  to  $4.00  per  day. 

Cooks,  $25  to  $100  per  month  and  board. 

Harness  Makers,  $2.00  to  $2.25  per  day. 

Coachmen,  $15  to  $25  per  month  and  board. 

Farm  Boys,  $10  to  $15  per  month  and  board. 

Office  Boys,  $3  to  $6  per  week. 

Waiters,  $25  to  $30  per  month  and  board. 

Dining-room  Girls,  $20  to  $30  per  month  and 
board. 

Chambermaids,  $20  to  $30  per  month  and 
board. 

Laundresses  $20  to  $30  per  month  and  board. 

General  Housework,  $20  to  $30  per  month 
and  board. 

Clerks,  from  $1.00  to  $5.00  per  day — depends 
upon  ability. 

Board,  from  $4.50  to  $6.00  per  week. 

Cooks,  and  girls  for  private  families  are  in 
great  demand. 

To  learn  in  what  country  towns  and 
camps,  special  kinds  of  laborers  are  in  de¬ 
mand,  see  list  of  “ Cities ,  Towns,  Etc.” 

It  is  best  in  coming  to  Colorado,  hunting 
for  work,  to  bring  along  a  little  money  so  you 
can  pay  your  way  into  the  mining  regions,  if 
you  fail  to  obtain  work  in  Denver,  or  the 
neighboring  towns,  and  above  all  things,  don’t 
come  to  Colorado  unless  you  are  determined 
to  make  a  good  honest  record.  Keep  away  from 
the  gambling  houses,  bar-rooms  and  bagnios 
and  you  are  all  right ;  visit  them,  and  you  are 
lost;  may  be,  with  your  “boots  on.” 

RAILROADS  IN  COLORADO. 

Kansas  Pacific,  Denver  Pacific,  Boulder  Val¬ 
ley,  Colorado  Central,  (broad  gauge),  Colo¬ 
rado  Central,  (narrow  gauge),  and  the  Denver, 
South  Park  &  Pacific,  are  six  roads,  cen¬ 
tering  in  Denver,  all  under  the  manage¬ 
ment  and  are  divisions  of  the  new  Union  Pa¬ 
cific  Railway  Company;  principal  headquarters 
in  Omaha,  Neb.  The  resident  officers  of  the 
Consolidated  Line  in  Colorado  are,  A.  A.  Eg¬ 
bert,  Supt.,  Golden,  and  Geo.  Ady,  Gen’l 
Agt.,  Denver.  The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
have  their  initial  point  in  Denver,  as  well  as 
business  offices.  The  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
Fe  enters  the  State  149  miles  east  of  Pueblo, 
its  main  line  running  south  from  La  Junta, 
passing  through  Trinidad  to  the  New  Mexican 
Line,  a  distance  of  97  miles.  A  branch  road 
runs  west  from  Pueblo,  up  the  Arkansas  River, 
40  miles  to  a  coal  bank,  owned  by  the  com¬ 
pany,  from  which  they  draw  large  supplies  of 
coal  used  on  their  road. 


STATISTICAL  INFORMATION  FOR  1880. 

Colorado  paid  the  Government  for  Internal  and 
Postal  Revenue  for  18  years,  ending  December 
31st,  1880,  as  follows : 

The  figures  presented  below  will  show  the 
amount  of  internal  revenue  tax  this  State  (and 
Territory)  has  paid  since  1863,  and  the  constant 
rate  of  increase : 


YE  AES.  AMOUNT. 

1863  . $  21,078  85 

1864  .  41,160  28 

1865  .  123,392  50 

1866... .  150,614  13 

1867  .  151,686  51 

1868  . 119,219  96 

1869  .  60,999  26 

1870  .  73,910  34 

1871  .  69,993  65 

1872  .  63,272  34 


YE  AES.  AMOUNT. 

1873  . $  75,749  64 

1874  .  64,855  38 

1875  .  70,531  82 

1876  .  82,668  57 

1877  .  75,774  58 

1878  .  83,507  90 

1879  .  166,939  95 

1880  .  193,474  18 


Total _ $1,687,829  84 


The  National  Banks  pay  directly  to  the  Treas¬ 
urer  of  the  United  States.  If  the  amount  they 
pay  was  added  to  the  above,  it  would  show  the 
grand  total  of  tax  paid  to  be  fully  $2,000,000. 


AGRICULTURAL  PRODUCTS  OF  1880,  ACCORDING  TO  THE 
“COLORADO  FARMER,”  ARE: 


AETICLES.  ACEEAGE.  QUANTITY.  VALUE. 

Wheat.... .  52,000  775,000  bush  $910,000 

Oats .  20,600  350,000  “  224,000 

Corn .  10,000  200,000  “  140,000 

Barley . . .  3,000  80,000  “  80,000 

Rye .  3,000  60,000  “  72,000 

Potatoes . 5,000  500,000  “  750,000 

Vegetables .  20,000  2,000,000 

Alfalfa,  Timothy, 

and  Clover .  1,600  3,000  tons  55,000 

Hay .  75,000  75,000  “  1,500,000 


Small  Fruits .  2,000  .  500,000 


Total..  _  191,500  $6,231,000 

CATTLE. 

Returns  of  Assessors— head .  541,563 

Valuation .  $5,767,379 

Aggregate  sales — head . 50,000 

Value  of  sales . ' .  ..  $1,000,000 

Value  of  increase— 50,000  head .  1,000,000 

SHEEP. 

Assessors’  returns,  1880,  sheep .  782,629 

Increase,  lambs .  300,000 

Value  of  sheep .  $2,000,000 

Value  of  increase .  500,000 

Mutton  sold .  250,000 

Wool  sold,  pounds .  600,000 

Value  wool . $1,500,000 

HORSES  AND  MULES. 

Assessors’  returns,  1880,  horses .  69,274 

Valuation,  horses .  $6,000,000 

Assessors’  returns,  mules .  5,997 

Valuation,  mules . $  423,789 

SUMMARY. 

Value  agricultural  products .  .  . $6,231,000 

Value  cattle .  5,767,379 

Value  sales .  1,000,000 

Value  increase .  1,000,000 

Value  sheep .  2,000,000 

Value  sheep  increase .  500,000 

Value  mutton  sold. .  .v. .  250,000 

Value  wool  sold .  1,500,000 

Value  horses . 6,000,000 

Value  mules .  423,789 


Total. 


$24,672,168 


CROFUTT  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


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Of  the  above,  Gold,  $33,728,193;  Silver, 
$40,815,364;  Lead,  $5,742,390;  Copper, 
$898,000;  Total,  $81,183,947. 

BULLION  PRODUCT  OF  COLORADO  FOR  1880. 

Lake  county . $15,050,000 

Gilpin . . .  2,250,000 

Clear  Creek .  2,000,000 

Summit .  1,000,000 

Boulder .  400,000 

San  Juan .  600,000 

Park .  400,000 

Custer. . . .  600,000 


Total . $22,300,000 

As  compared  with  the  yield  of  1879, 
which  was  quoted  as  being  $16,800,426, 
this  shows  an  approximate  increase  of 
$7,000,000. 

Leadville. —  The  product  of  the 
Leadville  mining  district,  from  the 
date  of  early  placer  mining  to  the  pres¬ 
ent  day,  is  given  as  follows : 

1860-1873,  gold  from  placers 
1874,  gold  and  silver 


1875,  gold  and  silver . 

1876,  gold  silver  and  lead 

1877,  “  “ 

1878,  “ 

1879,  “  “  “ 

1880,  “  “ 


6,400,000 

145,000 

113,000 

85,000 

555,330 

3,152,925 

10,189,521 

15,040,715 


Total,  (up  to  1881.) . $35,681,691 

GILPIN  COUNTY  FOR  NINE  YEARS. 

1872  . . . $  1,389,289 

1873  .  1,530,000 

1874  . 1,641,863 

1875  . 1,763,985 

1876  .  2,240,000 

1877.. .. .  2,203,037 

1878  .  2,257,000 

1879  .  2,358,836 

1880.. ., . 2,680,090 


Total . $18,126,564 


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CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  31 


Denver 


Denver,  the  capital,  commercial  center  and 
principal  city  in  the  State  of  Colorado,  con¬ 
tained  in  1870  a  population  of  4,759;  by  cen¬ 
sus  of  1880,  35,718.  There  is  no  city  in  the 
world  increasing  in  population,  wealth,  or  sub¬ 
stantial  improvements  more  rapidly  than  the 
city  of  Denver  at  the  present  time.  The  daily 
arrivals  at  the  hotels  average  over  600.  New 
business  blocks  are  being  erected  of  stone  or 
brick  on  all  the  principal  streets  such  as  would 
do  credit  to  the  great  cities  of  the  East.  Pri¬ 
vate  residences  by  hundreds  are  going  up 
in  all  parts  of  the  city  and  suburbs,  and  yet 
there  are  none  “to  rent;”  and  real  estate  is 
advancing  correspondingly.  If  you  go  to  Den- 
i  ver  with  your  family  and  want  a  house  to  live 
in  you  will  have  to  build  or  buy  one,  and  live 
in  a  hotel  in  the  meantime.  There  are  hun- 
|  dreds  of  fine  private  residences  in  and  around 
Denver  that  have  been  built  within  the  past 
three  years  by  men  of  wealth  as  a  home  that 
cost  from  $15,000  to  $50,000,  and  furnished 
;  with  all  the  luxuries  that  money  can  buy. 
Great  numbers  of  these  residences  are  owned 
by  men  who  have  made  their  fortunes  in  the 
mines,  perhaps,  after  leading  nomadic  lives  of 
want  and  exposure  for  years,  have  settled  down 
to  enjoy  life. 

Denver  is  the  county  seat  of  Arapahoe  county, 
fourteen  miles  east,  in  a  direct  line,  from  the 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Elevation  5,224 
feet  above  sea  level.  It  is  situated  in  the  val¬ 
ley  of  the  South  Platte  River,  on  the  eastern 
j  bank,  at  the  junction  of  Cherry  Creek,  at  a 
point  where  the  rolling  prairie  land  gradually 
slopes  to  the  westward,  facing  the  mountains, 
which  are  in  full  view  for  a  distance  of  200 
miles,  from  north  to  south.  The  highest  points, 
Long’s  Peak  to  the  north,  Pike’s  Peak  to  the 
south,  and  the  “Dome  of  the  Continent,”  Gray’s 
Peak  in  the  center,  are  in  plain  view,  tower- 
iitg  far  above  the  tops  of  the  surrounding 
mountains.  An  open,  rolling  country  surrounds 
the  city,  being  the  outer  border  of  that  im¬ 
mense  plain  which  stretches  away  to  the  wa¬ 
ters  of  the  Missouri  Kiver,  600  miles  to  the 
eastward. 

Where  in  1858  there  were  only  a  few  log  cab¬ 
ins,  tents  and  wagons  to  shelter  less  than  100 
people,  are  now  eight  thousand  buildings,  many 
of  which  have  been  erected  at  a  cost  of  from 
twenty-five  to  two  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
Where,  then,  not  a  shade  tree  existed,  are  now 


over  one  hundred  and  forty  thousand  in  the 
yards  and  bordering  sidewalks,  sustained  and 
nourished  by  streams  of  pure  mountain  water, 
which  is  distributed  through  the  ditches  and 
gutters  running  parallel  with  the  sidewalks. 

The  city  is  provided  with  water  by  the  Holly 
system  of  works,  situated  at  two  .different  | 
points  of  the  city,  and  by  a  canal  twenty  miles 
in  length,  which  conducts  the  water  from  Platte 
Canon  to  the  southward  over  the  prairie  to  a 
reservoir  above  the  city,  from  which  a  portion 
of  it  is  allowed  to  flow  through  the  streets  and 
parks  of  the  city,  and  the  yards  and  gardens 
of  the  citizens. 

During  the  year  1880  there  has  been  a  great 
many  expensive  buildings  completed,  and  many 
others  commenced.  Among  the  most  promi¬ 
nent  are  the  Windsor  and  Glenarm  Hotels. 
The  Tabor  Block,  and  Tabor  Opera  House. 
The  Court  House  and  the  Union  Depot. 

The  Court  House  is  98x212  feet,  three 
stories  and  basement,  built  of  brick  and  stone. 
The  contractors  are  under  bond  to  have  the 
building  completed  by  September  1st,  1882. 

The  Union  Depot  Company  was  organized  and 
incorporated  November,  1879,  under  the  laws  of 
Colorado,  by  Bela  M.  Hughes,  Walter  C.  Chees- 
man,  D.  C.  Dodge,  A.  A.  Egbert,  and  J.  F.  Wil- 
born,  with  a  stock  Capital  of  $400,000.  Its  ob¬ 
ject  is  to  build,  own  and  operate  a  Union  depot,  | 
for  railroads  centering  in  the  city  of  Denver. 
The  company  owns  about  twelve  acres  of  ground, 
on  which  they  are  constructing  an  ornamental 
depot,  in  the  modern  Gothic  style  of  architecture. 

It  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Platte 
River,  at  the  foot  of  16th,  17th,  and  18th 
streets,  is  503  feet  in  length  by  65  feet  in  . 
width,  two  stories,  with  a  tower  165  feet  high, 
built  of  Lava  stone,  from  Castle  Rock,  with 
trimmings  from  the  quarries  at  Morrison’s  and 
Manitou. 

This  building  is  now  well  advanced,  and  will 
be  completed  in  the  early  spring  of  1881.  On 
the  first  floor,  conveniently  located,  is  the  Bag¬ 
gage  Room,  75x76  feet;  Ladies’  Waiting  Room, 
56x59  feet ;  Gents’  Waiting  Room,  60x62  feet ; 
Dining  Room,  44x62  feet ;  two  Express  Rooms, 
each  30x62  feet,  with  five  burglar-proof  vaults ; 
Mail  Room,  Telegraph  and  Telephone  Offices, 
Barber  Shop,  Lunch  and  Check  Stands,  fitted 
with  all  the  modem  improvements  for  the  con¬ 
venience  and  comfort  of  the  traveling  public. 

The  second  story  will  be  divided  into  spacious 


32  CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 

rooms  to  be  used  as  a  hotel  or  for  office  apart¬ 
ments  of  the  several  railroads  interested. 

The  entire  building  will  be  thoroughly  ventil- 
lated  and  heated  by  the  most  approved  heating 
apparatus,  supplied  with  steam  from  two  hori¬ 
zontal  tubular  boilers,  each  fifty-four  inches  in 
diameter  and  sixteen  feet  long,  containing  thirty- 
eight  4-inch  flues. 

The  tracks  are  to  be  located  on  the  north  side 
of  the  building,  and  will  be  six  in  number  of 
three  rails  each,  for  the  accommodation  of  both 
standard  and  narrow  gauge  cars ;  the  space  be¬ 
tween  the  tracks  varying  from  eleven  to  twenty- 
five  feet,  which,  as  well  as  the  space  between 
rails,  will  be  planked,  and  the  spacious  grounds, 
dining  hall,  baggage  and  waiting  rooms  will  be 
lighted  by  electricity.  This  enterprise  will  re¬ 
quire  an  expenditure  equal  to  the  entire  capital 
stock  of  the  company,  and  when  completed  will 
be  one  of  the  finest  depots  in  this  country,  an  or¬ 
nament  to  the  city,  and  an  improvement  of  which 
its  projectors,  as  well  as  the  citizens  of  Denver, 
may  justly  feel  proud. 

The  Denver  City  Steam  Heating  Co.  was 
incorporated  December  15tli,  1879,  to  supply 
steam  by  the  Holly  system  or  any  other  to 
heat  dwelling  houses,  stores,  shops,  factories, 
and  other  buildings,  and  for  motive  power  to 
run  machinery  and  other  purposes.  The  com¬ 
pany’s  works  are  located  near  the  Platte  River 
and  gas  works,  foot  of  18th  street,  are  of 
brick;  they  have  six  800-horse  power  boilers, 
and  over  two  miles  of  pipe  laid  from  their 
works.  Steam  was  first  turned  on  November  5th, 
1880,  and  was  a  success  from  the  start.  The 
American  Hotel,  several  engines  and  many 
offices  are  using  the  steam  and  declare  it  to 
be  a  great  saving.  The  company  have  ordered 
more  pipes,  and  they  will  be  laid  and  the 
steam  supplied  in  all  parts  of  the  city  as  soon 
as  possible.  The  company  has  a  capital  stock 
of  $500,000,  and  $100,000  has  already  been 
expended  in  their  works  and  business.  We 
notice  among  the  incorporators  J.  W.  Smith, 
Geo.  Tritch,  and  E.  F.  Hallack,  pioneer  names 
in  Colorado  twenty  years  ago.  These  men  have 
made  their  fortunes  in  the  State,  and  are  now  all 
using  it  to  introduce  a  steam  heating  system 
at  once  ample,  cleanly,  pleasant,  always  ready 
and  cheap 

Gentlemens’  Driving  Park  is  another  new 
institution.  It  is  situated  2J  miles  southeast 
of  the  city,  up  Cherry  Creek ;  contains  80 
acres,  half-mile  track,  well  inclosed,  and  with 
buildings  that  cost  $20,000. 

The  city  is  built  principally  of  brick  and 
stone,  has  a  United  States  mint,  six  railroads, 
leading  to  all  points  of  the  compass,  several  horse 
railroads,  an  opera  house  and  several  small  thea¬ 
ters  and  halls ;  seven  banks,  four  of  which  are 
National,  eleven  schools,  some  occupy  build¬ 
ings  that  cost  $75,000;  four  academies  and 
colleges,  including  Brinker’s  Collegiate  Insti- 

tute,  the  best  in  the  State ;  (see  “ Items  as  they 
Ran”)  two  telephone  companies,  a  literary 
society,  high  school  lyceum ;  three  libraries, 
state,  law  and  school ;  twenty-eight  churches, 
which  include  Baptist,  Catholic,  Christian, 
Congregational,  Episcopal,  Jewish,  Methodist, 
Presbyterian,  Reform  and  Unitarian. 

Of  secret  orders  there  are  so  many  that  you 
cannot  keep  any  thing  secret.  The  Masons 
have  a  Masonic  Hall  located  on  the  corner  of 
15th  and  Holladay  streets,  and  ten  separate 
lodges.  The  Odd  Fellows  have  an  Odd  Fel¬ 
lows’  Hall  at  369  Lawrence  street,  and  nine 
seperate  lodges. 

The  Knights  of  Pythias  have  three  lodges ; 
Red  Cross,  two ;  Good  Templars,  two.  Then 
there  are  twelve  Benevolent  Societies  of  va¬ 
rious  kinds ;  eighteen  miscellaneous  organiza¬ 
tions,  such  as  medical  societies,  industrial  as¬ 
sociations,  water  'companies,  etc. 

Denver  Iras  six  breweries,  five  carriage  and 
wagon  manufactories,  five  express  companies, 
six  flouring  mills,  six  foundry  and  machine 
shops,  fifty-six  insurance  companies  and  agen¬ 
cies  ;  twenty- six  hotels — hotels  till  you  can’t 
rest ;  twenty-seven  livery  and  sale  stables, 
eleven  lumber  dealers,  many  of  whom  are 
manufacturers ;  fifty-five  physicians  and  sur¬ 
geons,  eighty-five  lawyers,  thirty  meat  markets, 

.  and  seventeen  drug  stores — drug  stores  are  a 
little  short,  but  there  are  more  building. 

Denver  is  well  supplied  with  newspapers.  The 
News,  Tribune,  Times  and  Republican  are  daily 
and  weekly.  The  Herald,  Farmer,  Era,  Mining 
Review,  Journal,  Great  West  and  Inter-Ocean 
are  weeklies.  The  Presbyterian  is  a  monthly, 
and  the  Reporter  is  a  daily  hotel  paper. 

The  Windsor  is  the  largest  hotel  in  the  city. 
Everything  is  first-class.  Of  a  dozen  others,  the 
difference  in  them  is  not  notable. 

The  Merchant’s  Board  of  Trade,  composed 
of  all  the  principal  mercantile  firms  of  the 
city,  was  organized  Nov.  12th,  1880,  with  J.  T. 
Cornforth,  president. 

The  State  Agricultural  Society  has  forty 
acres  of  ground  adjoining  Denver,  north,  where 
accommodations  are  provided  for  holding  their 
annual  fairs. 

Earlier  History. — The  first  settlement  where 
Denver  now  stands,  was  made  Nov.  1st,  1858. 
Auraria,  now  West  Denver,  was  laid  out  and 
named  on  the  4th,  and  on  the  6th,  there  being 
200  people  present,  an  election  was  held,  and 

H.  J.  Graham  was  elected  a  delegate  to  Con¬ 
gress,  and  instructed  to  get  the  “Pike’s  Peak 
gold  mines”  set  apart  from  Kansas  as  a  sepa¬ 
rate  Territory.  On  the  8th,  Mr.  Graham 
started  for  Washington  on  horseback.  In  De¬ 
cember  following,  the  town  of  St.  Charles  was 
laid  out,  where  East  Denver  now  stands. 

In  the  following  spring  the  town  was  sold, 
and  the  purchasers  named  the  place  Denver. 

On  the  21st  of  April,  1859,  the  first  printing 

I 

/ 


LIBRARY 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


33 


Eress  arrived  in  Auraria,  and  in  twenty- seven 
ours  from  its  arrival  the  first  copy  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  News  was  issued,  with  Wm.  N.  Byers 
and  Thomas  Gibson  as  editors  and  proprietors. 
Simultaneous  with  this  issue,  the  “Cherry  Creek 
Pioneer,”  edited  by  Jack  Merrick,  appeared,  but 
subsided  after  first  issue,  and  its  editor  went  to 
mining. 

May  7th,  1859,  two  “Pike’s  Peak”  express 
coaches  arrived,  nineteen  days  from  Leaven¬ 
worth. 

In  July,  1860,  the  U.  S.  post  office  was  first 
opened  in  Denver,  previous  to  which  it  cost 
twenty-five  cents  to  one  dollar  for  each  letter 
besides  the  U.  S.  Postage,  according  to  the 
amount  of  competition.  Now,  how  changed! 

The  Colorado  Central  Company  was  the  first 
to  receive  a  charter  to  build  a  railroad  in  Col¬ 
orado.  It  was  obtained  in  1865,  and  the  first 
ground  was  broken  at  Golden,  in  May,  1867. 

The  Arapahoe,  Jefferson  and  South  Park  rail¬ 
road  was  the  first  narrow  gauge.  It  was  in¬ 
corporated  January  80th,  1868,  but  charter 
elapsed  for  reasons  that  are  old  now. 

The  Denver  Pacific,  chartered  in  the  fall  of 
1867,  was  the  first  railroad  to  reach  Denver, 
June  24th,  1870. 

The  Kansas  Pacific  was  finished  to  Denver 
August  15th,  1870. 

The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  was  chartered 
in  February,  1868,  and  at  this  time — 1881 — has 
more  miles  in  operation  than  any  other  com¬ 
pany,  and  is  building  faster. 

The  Denver,  Rollinsville  and  Western  is  a 
company  chartered  in  November,  1880,  to  build 
a  road  from  Denver  to  the  western  boundary 
of  the  State,  via  South  Boulder  River  and  the 
Middle  Park. 

HOW  TO  REACH  DENVER  BY  RAILWAY  FROM  THE 
MISSOURI  RIVER. 

There  are  three  trunk  lines  from  the  Mis¬ 
souri  River  to  Denver,  by  each  of  which  the 
fares  are  the  same.  First  cla^s,  limited,  $27 ; 
emigrant  $20. 

From  Omaha  you  take  the  train  on  the 
Union  Pacific  at  12 :15,  p.  m.,  take  dinner  at 
Fremont,  forty-seven  miles  west,  and  supper 
at  7  : 00  p.  m.  at  Grand  Island,  154  miles  from 
Omaha.  You  can  enjoy  your  Pullman  until 
next  morning  at  breakfast  time,  7  : 45,  at  Sidney  ; 
you  are  then  414  miles  west  of  Omaha.  You 
reach  Cheyenne  for  dinner,  at  1:20  p.  m., 
and  are  516  miles  west.  Here  you  change  cars 
and  take  the  train  on  the  Denver  Pacific  at 
2:15  p.  m.,  and  arrive  in  Denver,  106  miles 


from  Cheyenne,  or  622  miles  from  Omaha,  at 
6 : 45  p.  m.  This  train  connects  with  the  trains 
to  Leadville.  You  can  remain  in  Cheyenne  un¬ 
til  3:30  p.  m.,  and  take  the  Colorado  Central 
train,  via  Boulder  and  Golden,  and  arrive  in 
Denver  at  10:00  p.  m.,  138  miles,  making  by 
this  route  654  miles  from  Omaha.  Passengers 
from  the  west,  Ogden  or  California,  arrive  in 
Cheyenne  at  3:35  p.  m.,  and  take  the  Colorado 
Central  as  above. 

From  Kansas  City  you  take  the  train  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific ;  two  through  trains  daily. 
Colorado  express  leaves  at  9:45  a.  m.,  take  din¬ 
ner  at  Topeka  at  1:25  p.  m. — sixty- six  miles 
— supper  at  Abilene  at  6 : 30  p.  m. — 162  miles ; 
breakfast  at  Wallace  next  morning  at  7 : 05  a. 
m. — 420  miles ;  and  reach  Denver  at  5  : 45  p. 
m. — 639  miles.  The  Pacific  express  leaves  Kan¬ 
sas  City  at  10 : 10  p.  m.  Breakfast  at  Abilene, 
at  6:40  a.  m.,  arrive  at  Ellis  for  dinner  at 
2:10  p.  m.  ;  Wallace  for  supper,  6:35  p.  m.,  and 
reach  Denver  at  5:45  a.  m. 

From  Kansas  City  you  take  the  train  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  at  9:45  a.  m., 
and  arrive  in  Topeka,  sixty-six  miles,  at  1:05 
p.  m.  Here  you  connect  with  the  train  from 
Atchison,  that  left  that  city  at  10:25  a.  m., 
fifty  miles  distant,  take  dinner,  and  reach 
Florence  at  6:30  p.  m.,  156  miles,  for  supper, 
and  Laken  at  6 : 55,  424  miles,  next  morning 
for  breakfast.  You  enter  Colorado  at  State 
Line,  470  miles,  and  arrive  at  Pueblo  at  2:35 
p.  m.,  619  miles.  Here  you  connect  with  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  and  arrive  in  Denver 
at  8:00  p.  m.,  120  miles,  making  the  distance 
from  Atchison  to  Denver  739  miles,  and  from 
Kansas  City  to  Denver  755  miles.  At  Pueblo 
you  can  connect  with  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  for  Leadville  at  same  time  and  reach 
that  city  at  11:00  p.  m.,  distance  153  miles 
from  Pueblo.  Connections  can  also  be  made  at 
Pueblo  at  the  same  time*  with  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  for  the  South,  Alamosa  and 
the  San  Juan  country. 

The  time  of  arrival  and  'departure  of  all 
these  trains  are  liable  to  change  at  any  time,  so 
do  not  depend  ivholly  upon  the  above. 

Transfer  Omnibuses  will  be  found  at  the 
depot  on  arrival  of  all  trains,  that  convey  pas¬ 
sengers  and  light  baggage  to  the  hotels  and 
residences  in  the  city  for  fifty  cents  each;  or 
carriages  can  always  be  obtained  at  the  depot  to 
do  the  same  at  the  same  price.  One  advantage 
of  the  carriages  are  that  “Jehu”  will  take  your 
trunk  or  baggage  and  yourself  direct  to  your 
destination. 


3 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  35 


Tours  by  Rail. 


Under  the  head  of  “  Cities,  Towns,  Etc.” — alphabetically  arranged— will  be  found  full  descriptions  of  every  Station  on  the  line  of 

every  Railroad  in  Colorado. 


HON.  W.  A.  H.  LOVELAND. 

The  Declaration  of  Independence  would  be 
no  more  complete  without  the  name  of  John 
Hancock  than  the  Railroad  History  of  Col¬ 
orado  without  the  name  of  Hon.  W.  A.  H. 
Loveland,  President  of  the  Colorado  Central. 

It  was  Mr.. Loveland  who  obtained  the  first 
charter,  threw  the  first  shovel  of  dirt,  and 
drove  the  first  spike  for  a  railroad  in  Colorado. 

Mr.  Loveland  was  born  in  Barnstable,  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  in  1826,  and  while  a  youth  his  par¬ 
ents  removed  to  Illinois.  He  was  schooled  in 
mercantile  pursuits  and  grew  up  a  thorough 
western  man,  with  far-reaching,  sagacious  and 
liberal  ideas.  At  the  opening  of  the  Mexican 
war  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  enlist,  which  he 
did  in  an  Illinois  regiment  and  served  to  the 
close — to  the  finale — the  storming  of  Chapulte- 
pec,  at  which  place  he  was  severely  wounded. 
Returning  home  in  the  height  of  the  Califor¬ 
nia  gold  excitement,  he  started  for  the  new  El 
Dorado,  where  he  remained  four  years.  Again, 
returning  to  his  old  home  in  Illinois,  the 
“  Pike’s  Peak”  gold  excitement  attracted  his 


attention,  and  packing  up  his  household  goods 
and  as  much  general  merchandise  as  he  could 
buy  and  transport,  again  started  westward. 
Arriving  at  the  base  of  the  mountains  in  1859, 
he  settled  in  Golden,  erected  a  large  brick 
store  and  warehouse,  and  opened  out  what  was 
then  the  largest  stock  of  general  merchandise 
in  the  country.  He  was  in  the  prime  of  life, 
with  splendid  intellect,  indomitable  courage  and 
perseverance,  and  an  unbounded  faith  in  the 
golden  future  of  his  adopted  home.  He  soon 
became  widely  known  and  one  of  the  most  ex¬ 
tensive  and  enterprising  merchants  in  the  ter¬ 
ritory.  Mr.  Loveland  was  one  of  those  ven¬ 
turesome  persons  that  dared  to  suggest  the 
probability  of  building  a  railroad  across  the 
continent,  or  up  Clear  Creek  canon ;  either  was 
deemed  equally  absurd  by  the  American  peo¬ 
ple,  in  about  the  proportion  of  10,000  to  one. 
Yet  Loveland  nursed  the  idea  of  a  railroad  up 
Clear  Creek,  and  he  quietly  went  to  work  to 
build  one.  First,  he  secured  the  repeal  of  an 
old  railroad  charter  granted  by  the  Kansas 
Legislature,  which  allowed  certain  parties  to 


36 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


build  from  the  Missouri  river  west  to  the  ter¬ 
ritorial  line.  Then  he  secured  a  charter  in 
1868  ostensibly  for  a  wagon  road  up  Clear 
Creek  canon  and  commenced  work — upon  his 
railroad. 

In  1865  Mr.  Loveland  secured  a  charter  for 
the  Colorado  Central,  under  the  Territorial 
laws— which  then  as  now  require  work  to  com¬ 
mence  within  two  years  from  date  of  charter. 
Times  were  hard,  money  was  hard  to  get,  but 
something  had  to  be  done  to  save  the  charter. 
Accordingly  in  May,  1867,  a  mass  meeting  was 
called  at  Golden,  ground  was  broke  and  graded, 
ties  and  rails  laid  and  a  small  hand  car  run 
over  the  200  feet  of  completed  road.  It  was 
not  a  big  lot,  but  it  would  keep  the  charter 
alive.  The  following  three  years  the  work  com¬ 
menced  in  earnest,  and  during  1868  ten  miles 
of  road  was  completed,  and  thereafter  building 
was  continued  from  year  to  year,  until  the 
present  line  was  completed  in  1877 — making 
184  miles,  130  miles  of  broad  and  fifty-four 
miles  narrow  gauge. 

Mr.  Loveland  was  chairman  of  the  conven¬ 
tion  which  met  in  1859  to  form  a  provincial 
government,  and  was  for  many  years  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  Territorial  Council ;  was  the  Demo¬ 
cratic  candidate  for  Governor  in  1878,  and  has 
twice  received  the  vote  of  his  party  in  the 
State  Legislature  for  the  United  States  Senate, 
for  which  position  he  is  eminently  qualified. 
In  1878  he  purchased  the  Rocky  Mountain 
Netvs  of  Denver,  the  oldest  journal  in  the  State, 
and  one  of  the  most  reliable,  successful  and 
enterprising.  Within  the  past  few  years  he  has 
been  largely  engaged  in  mining,  and  is  said  to 
have  become  one  of  the  bonanza  kings  of 
Colorado.  There  are  few  men  in  Colorado  so 
well  known  as  Mr.  Loveland,  none  more  re¬ 
spected  or  with  more  personal  friends ;  he  has 
filled  honorably  and  well  his  various  positions 
in  life,  »and,  it  is  to  be  hoped  he  has  before 
him  many  more  years  of  usefulness. 


TOUR  NUMBER  ONE. 

COLORADO  CENTRAL  RAILROAD,  OR  COLORADO  DIVISION 
UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY. 

The  “  Central”  was  the  first  railroad  corporation 
in  Colorado,  having  been  organized  in  1865.  In 
1868  ten  miles  were  completed.  In  September, 
1870,  the  broad  gauge  portion  between  Denver 
and  Golden  was  completed,  and  in  April  of 
the  same  year  work  was  commenced  on  the 
division  extending  north  to  Longmont  and 
west  to  Black  Hawk,  Central  and  Georgetown. 
The  mountain  portion  of  the  “  Central”  is  a 
three  foot  narrow  gauge,  commenced  at  the 
same  time  as  the  Longmont  division,  and  com¬ 
pleted  September  1st,  1871,  to  the  Forks,  or 


the  junction  of  North  and  South  Clear  Creek, 
thirteen  miles  from  Golden,  and  in  December 
following,  up  North  Clear  Creek  to  Black  Hawk, 
thirty-six  miles  from  Denver.  In  March,  1873, 
the  South  Clear  Creek  line  was  completed  to 
Floyd  Hill,  three  and  a  half  miles  above  the 
Forks  and  to  Georgetown  in  the  fall  of  1876. 
In  J uly,  1877,  work  was  commenced  on  the  ex¬ 
tension  from  Longmont  north  and  completed 
to  a  junction  with  the  Union  Pacific  at  Colorado 
Junction,  six  miles  west  of  Cheyenne,  in  October 
of  the  same  year,  making  the  whole  mileage 
of  the  “  Central”  184  miles,  of  which  130  miles 
is  of  the  broad  and  fifty-four  miles  narrow 
gauge. 

The  train  leaves  the  Union  Depot,  foot  of 
Sixteenth  street.  We  will  take  the  cars  of  the 
broad  gauge  running  to  Cheyenne  via  Golden, 
Boulder  and  Fort  Collins.  Time,  7  a.  m. 
Passengers  by  this  train  connect  at  Cheyenne 
with  the  Union  Pacific  west  bound  train  for 
Utah  and  Pacific  coast.  Those  who  choose  to 
pay  fifty  cents  for  the  privilege  can  take  a  seat 
in  one  of  the  Horton  Chair  cars,  which  ac¬ 
company  all  regular  passenger  trains  on  this 
road. 

“  All  aboard,”  and  our  train  moves  gently 
along  towards  the  north,  passing  on  our  right 
the  gas  works,  steam  heating  works,  machine 
shops  and  other  large  manufacturing  establish¬ 
ments,  half  a  mile  to  the  bridge  over  the 
Platte  river,  thence  over  a  broad,  beautiful 
piece  of  bottom  land  of  a  few  hundred  acres, 
dotted  here  and  there  with  groves  of  cotton¬ 
wood  trees.  On  this  bottom  was  located  the 
old  race  track  of  1860,  but  now  is  under  cul¬ 
tivation  and  known  as  the  McNassar  place. 
Soon  we  commence  to  climb  the  rolling  prairie, 
dotted  on  all  sides  by  comfortable  farm  houses, 
and  two  miles  from  Denver  we  pass  Argo,  on 
the  right,  where  are  located  the  Boston  and 
Colorado  Smelting  Works.  Half  a  mile  further 
we  pass  Summit,  a  station  only  in  name, 
where,  had  we  the  time,  one  of  the  most  beauti¬ 
ful  views  of  Denver  and  the  surrounding 
country  could  be  obtained.  The  city  lies  to 
the  southeast,  embowered  in  shade  trees,  with 
scores  of  churches,  private  residences,  large 
buildings  and  extensive  manufactories  standing 
forth  in  great  prominence ;  to  the  south,  the 
range  of  the  “  Plum  Creek  divide,”  beyond 
which,  a  little  farther  to  the  westward,  can  be 
seen  Pike’s  Peak,  peaking  up  far  above  all 
other  surroundings.  The  Platte  river  and 
valley  is  close  in  the  eastern  fore-ground,  and 
to  the  right  and  left  the  broad  plains,  in  the 
far  east,  limitless  apparently  to  the  eye, 
while  in  the  back  ground,  westward,  are  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  the  base  of  which  is  near, 
but  the  peaks  and  the  range  from  north  to  south 
are  only  bounded  by  the  horizon. 

Proceeding  a  short  distance  further,  the  valley 
of  Clear  Creek  appears  suddenly  to  our  vision. 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP-  SACK  GUIDE.  37 

It  is  one  of  the  most  productive  as  well  as  the 
most  beautiful  in  the  States.  The  soil  is  a 
rich,  black  loam,  mixed  with  just  enough  tine 
sand  to  make  it  warm  and  quick  to  produce. 
For  the  production  of  all  kinds  of  vegetables, 
Clear  Creek  valley  has  no  equal  in  the  State. 

Descending  into  the  valley  we  cross  the  bridge 
over  Clear  Creek  and  run  along  on  its  west 
bank  to  Arvada,  an  unimportant  side  track, 
seven  miles  from  Denver.  Our  course  is  now 
west,  directly  toward  the  mountains,  crossing 
Ralston  Creek  and  many  irrigating  canals — for 
be  it  known  these  lands  have  all  to  be  irrigated 
to  be  certain  of  raising  a  good  crop — through 
some  fine  farms  and  cultivated  fields  to  the  base 
of  Table  Mountain. 

We  are  now  passing  over  the  site  of  the  old 
town  of  Arapahoe,  where  Placer  mines  were 
worked  in  1859.  It  then  had  upwards  of  fifty 
buildings,  none  of  which  remain  to  mark  the 
locality. 

The  Table  Mountains,  the  outposts  or  giant 
sentinels  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  are  1,000 
feet  in  height,  nearly  round,  flat  on  top,  well 
grassed,  and  at  one  time  must  have  been  one 
unbroken  range  enclosing  a  great  basin  above 
where  is  now  the  site  of  Golden.  Clear  Creek 
must  have  been  very  busy,  and  for  a  great 
many  years  to  have  cut  such  a  tremendous 
chasm  as  the  one  we  are  now  entering.  Roll¬ 
ing  along  past  smelting,  sampling  and  con¬ 
centrating  works  and  several  manufactories, 
and  the  railroad  company’s  machine  shops,  we 
reach 

Golden,  the  “Lowell”  of  Colorado.  Fifteen 
miles  west  from  Denver,  the  road  to  the  mountain 
cities,  keeps  directly  west,  up  the  famous  Clear 
Creek  canon,  (which  will  be  our  tour  two), 
while  our  route  is  north  along  the  base  of  the 
mountains,  with  Table  Mountain  on  our  right. 
The  first  mile  is  up  a  heavy  grade  and  brings 
us  opposite  what  was  known  .in  early  days  as 
Tucker  canon,  at  the  entrance  of  which  was 
Golden  Gate.  ‘  Through  this  “  gate”  and  canon 
a  wagon  road  was  constructed  in  1859,  and,  un¬ 
til  the  completion  of  the  “  Central”  through  Clear 
Creek  canon,  the  stages,  mails,  express,  freight 
teams  and  “  pilgrims”  for  the  mining  towns  in 
Gilpin  and  Clear  Creek  counties  passed  through 
the  gate  and  over  this  road,  the  tolls  from  which 
•  varied  from  $16,000  to  $24,000  per  annum,  above 
all  expenses. 

Two  miles  from  Golden  the  summit  is  reached 
at  Jones ;  here  we  find  several  coal  mines  and 
lime  kilns,  and  on  our  left  a  long,  narrow,  high 
rocky  ridge  called  the  “  hog  back,”  which  runs 
parallel  to  the  mountains,  about  half  a  mile  from 
them — for  a  distance  of  thirty  miles.  We  are 
now  on  the  down  grade  and  shall  reach  Ralston 
in  four  miles  from  Golden.  There  are  only  a  few 
ranchmen  in  the  neighborhood.  The  creek,  from 
which  the  station  is  named,  is  a  small  stream 
coming  down  from  the  mountains  through  a  deep 

cut  in  the  “  hog  back”  ridge,  and  affords  in  the 
spring  and  early  summer  months  a  goodly  sup¬ 
ply  of  water  for  irrigating  purposes  to  the  ranch¬ 
men  below.  Crossing  the  creek  we  climb  up, 
over  and  around  several  grassy  ridges  which 
separate  as  many  small  creeks,  for  a  distance  of 
nine  miles,  when  we  reach  a  small  station  called 
Church’s,  because  there  is  no  church  there. 
This  place  is  situated  on  Dry  Creek  (where 
water  never  fails),  a  small  stream  over  thirty 
miles  in  length,  that  enters  the  Platte  River  near 
Fort  Lupton. 

Irrigating  canals  from  this  north,  for  sixty 
miles,  are  very  numerous,  and  carry  large  vol¬ 
umes  of  water,  the  effect  of  which  is  literally 
“  making  the  wilderness  to  blossom  like  the  rose.” 
From  Church’s,  we  cross  another  divide,  then 
Rock  Creek,  and  a  run  of  eight  miles  brings  our 
train  to  a  stop  at 

Louisville,  on  Coal  Creek,  where  are  located 
extensive  coal  mines.  There  is  a  little  change  in 
the  appearance  of  the  country ;  where  water  is 
available  for  irrigation  good  crops  can  be  pro¬ 
duced  ;  on  high  ridges  above  the  ditches  only  grass 
will  grow,  and  it  is  on  these  ridges  where  the 
stock  of  the  ranchmen  living  in  the  vicinity  past¬ 
ure.  Five  miles  further  we  come  to  a  side  track 
called 

Davidson,  on  South  Boulder  River,  six  miles 
south  of  Boulder  City.  A  company  was  chartered 
in  November,  1880,  to  build  a  railroad  from  Den¬ 
ver,  up  South  Boulder  via  Rollinsville  to  the  Mid¬ 
dle  Park.  The  grade  is  said  to  be  an  easy  one,  and 
the  obstacles  to  be  overcome  of  minor  import¬ 
ance.  Broad  fields  are  now  on  all  sides.  P.ettis 
Lake,  noted  for  its  numerous  sun  fish,  is  passed 
as  also  the  bridge  over  Boulder  River,  and  we 
arrive  at 

Boulder,  forty-five  miles  northwest  from  Den¬ 
ver.  This  city  is  the  western  terminus  of 
the  Boulder  Valley  Railroad,  which  is  twenty- 
eight  miles  in  length,  used  principally  for 
coal  and  freight  transportation.  Its  general 
course  is  eastward,  down  Boulder  valley  through 
Valmont,  Canfield’s,  Mitchell’s  and  Erie  to 
Brighton  at  the  junction  of  the  Denver  Pacific 
Railroad,  twenty  miles  north  of  Denver. 

The  Boulder  and  Caribou  branch — a  coal  road 
— runs  south  from  Boulder  City,  six  miles  to 
Marshall.  “  See  Post  Roads”  Nos.  6,  7,  8,  9 
and  10. 

Soon  after  leaving  Boulder,  by  looking  down 
the  valley  two  high  peaks  or  buttes  can  be  seen 
rising  500  feet  above  the  plains.  They  are  on 
the  east  side  of  Boulder  River,  between  which  is 
Valmont,  a  town  started  in  1868,  to  rival  Boulder. 
We  are  now  and  shall  continue  for  the  next  fifty 
,  miles  passing  through  and  in  sight  of  the  best 
agricultural  lands  in  the  State. 

Ni-Wot  is  eight  miles  from  Boulder,  a  small 
station  for  a  mine  and  mill  situated  on  the  side 
of  the  mountain,  in  plain  view  to  the  westward. 
We  are  now  looking  down  into  the  valley  of  Left 

38 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDK. 


CAMPING  OUT  IN  ESTES  PARK. 


Hand — tlie  south  branch  of  the  St.  Yrain  River, 
which  we  shall  soon  cross  and  stop  at 

Longmont,  thirteen  miles  from  Boulder.  From 
this  town  in  the  summer  season,  a  daily  line  of 
stages  run  to  Estes  Park,  thirty-five  miles  dis¬ 
tant.  See  “  Post  Roads”  No.  4.  Proceeding,  the 
view  of  the  mountains  is  most  beautiful.  Long’s 
Peak  or  Highland,  is  the  next  station,  five  miles 
distant ;  then  four  miles  further, 

Berthoud.  This  last  station,  named  for  the 
engineer  of  the  road,  is  situated  on  Little  Thomp¬ 
son  Creek,  eight  miles  from  Loveland,  on  Big 
Thompson,  over  another  of  those  little  divides 
which  separate  all  the  streams  coming  down  from 
the  mountains.  Most  of  these  divides  are  suffi¬ 
ciently  low  to  enable  the  ranchmen  to  conduct 
the  water  from  near  the  mountains,  in  canals  all 
over  the  land,  and  as  the  soil  is  naturally  rich, 
the  result  is  always  abundant  crops.  Loveland 
is  almost  due  west  from  the  towns  of  Greeley 
and  Evans — distance  twenty  miles,  and  about  the 
same  distance  from  the  base  of  the  mountains. 


See  “  Post  Roads”  No..  5.  From  Loveland  it  is 
eight  miles  to  Fossil  Creek  and  five  more  to 
Fort  Collins.  This  thriving  town  is  eighty- 
eight  miles  from  Denver,  situated  on  the  Cache- 
a-la  Poudre  River,  in  the  midst  of  the  most 
magnificent  plains  and  mountain  scenery  and 
the  richest  and  most  productive  farming  lands 
in  the  State — a  place  destined  to  become  one 
of  more  than  usual  importance.  See  “Post 
Roads”  No.  2.  Leaving  Fort  Collins  and  cross-, 
ingthe  “  Pooder,”  as  the  river  is  called  by  old- 
timers,  our  course  is  still  north,  through  fine 
fields,  crossing  large  canals  and  gradually 
climb  the  prairie  to  a  section  of  country  wholly 
devoted  to  stock  raising,  where  large  herds  of 
cattle  and  sheep  range  the  year  round.  Here, 
again,  we  have  a  grand  view  of  the  plains,  to  the 
eastward,  the  mountains  to  the  west  and  the 
Black  Hills  of  Wyoming  to  the  northwest,  while 
at  the  south  rests  the  long  valley  of  the  Cache-a-la 
Poudre,  while  on  rolls  our  train,  with  nine- 
tenths  of  its  passengers,  apparently,  wholly  un- 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


39 


old  land  mark  for  the  “  Pilgrims” 
of  early  days.  Ah !  how  gladly 
we  welcomed  the  sight  of  it,  July 
1,  1860,  and  we  were  then  150 
miles  away.  Yet  it  seemed  only 
a  day’s  journey. 

Bristol,  on  Box  Elder  Creek, 
is  the  next  station,  a  side  track, 
sixteen  miles  from  Collins. 
From  this  point  the  Table 
Mountains  in  the  Black  Hills 
Bange  to  the  northwest,  show 
with  great  prominence.  Away 
up  on  the  comb  of  the  ridge  can 
be  seen  “  Steamboat  Bock,”  so 
called,  500  feet  in  height,  but 
from  our  cars  it  resembles  a 
mammoth  fortress,  round  and 
turreted,  as  seen  from  different 
directions. 

Passing  on,  round  buttes  ap¬ 
pear  at  different  points,  rising 
up  to  a  height  of  1,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  plain.  To 
the  eastward,  on  Lone  Tree  Creek 
is  a  towering  mass  of  rocks  sit¬ 
ting  on  the  plain  resembling 
from  some  directions  an  old 
castle  fallen  to  decay.  They  are 
called  “  Natural  Fort,”  but  can-  I 
not  be  seen  from  the  cars. 

Nine  miles  further  we  come  to 


L  ^  JL . 

THE  SNOWY  RANGE  FROM  JAMES’  TRAIL. 

conscious  that  they  are,  as  it  were,  central 
figures  in  a  huge  ring,  set  with  the  most  varied 
and  brilliant  jewels  the  world  can  produce.  In 
a  direct  line  with  Long’s  Peak,  at  the  head  of 
the  valley,  and  at  its  base,  embowered  in  shade 
trees,  orchards  and  gardens,  reposes  the  town 
of  La  Porte,  a  few  dwellings  of  which  can  be 
seen  through  the  thick  foliage.  It  is  the  oldest 
town  in  this  section  of  the  country,  and  was 
once  an  important  station  on  the  old  Overland 
Stage  road,  which  ran  from  Denver  along  the 
base  of  the  mountains  to  this  place  and  con¬ 
tinued  oh  through  Virginia  Dale  canon  to  Lara¬ 
mie  Plains.  Long’s  Peak,  14,270  feet  in  height, 
is  situated  on  the  most  easterly  spur  of  the 
“  Snowy  Bange,”  on  the  summit  of  which,  and 
in  the  gorges  and  peaks  adjacent  thereto  the 
mantle  of  snow  ever  rests.  To  the  far  south — 
175  miles — rises  in  plain  view  Pike’s  Peak,  that 


our  artist’s  mountain  camp. 


40  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Taylor’s — another  side  track  of  little  import¬ 
ance,  except  to  the  stock  raisers,  who  alone 
occupy  this  section  of  country. 

Lone  Tree  is  the  next  stopping  place,  eleven 
miles  from  Taylor’s,  a  side  track,  water  tank 
and  an  old  stage  station,  are  about  all  the  marks 
of  civilization  here,  if  we  except  large  herds  of 
cattle  and  sheep  seen  on  all  sides. 

Leaving  Lone  Tree  our  train  twists  and  turns 
in  every  direction,  up  a  heavy  grade,  laboring  to 
get  over  the  Colorado  line  into  Wyoming,  which 
is  only  a  short  distance,  yet  the  track  describes 
many  “  horse  shoe”  curves,  runs  through  many 
deep  cuts,  several  snow  sheds,  and,  finally  over¬ 
coming  all  obstacles,  looks  from  the  summit 
down  upon  Cheyenne.  In  six  miles  from  Lone 
Tree  we  reach  Colorado  Junction  or  Hazard  and 
run  down  on  the  Overland  track  six  miles  more 
to  the  city  of  Cheyenne,  136  miles  from  Denver. 
As  this  is  the  end  of  our  First  Tour,  we  return  to 
Denver. 


TOUR  NUMBER  TWO. 

COLORADO  CENTRAL  DIVISION  OF  UNION  PACIFIC 

RAILWAY. 

MOUNTAIN  DIVISION— NARROW  GAUGE. 

There  are  two  passenger  trains  daily  between 
Denver  and  the  mountain  cities,  running  narrow 
gauge  cars,  as  the  track  is  provided  with  a  third 
rail.  One  train  leaves  at  8  a.  m.,  the  other  at 
3 : 30  p.  m.  The  morning  train  reaches  Central 
at  11 :  45,  and  Georgetown  at  12 : 05  p.  m.  The 
afternoon  train  reaches  Central  at  7 : 25  p.  m. 
and  Georgetown  at  8  p.  m.  An  observation  car 
is  run  in  the  tourist  season  on  all  trains.  Our 
route  is  substantially  the  same  as  in  tour  one, 
until  we  arrive  at  Golden,  there  the  train  is 
divided  into  two  sections,  one  goes  to  Central 
and  the  other  to  Georgetown,  but  run  over  the 
same  track  until  they  reach  the  forks  of  Clear 
Creek,  thirteen  miles  from  Golden. 

The  Georgetown  train  is  the  first  to  leave. 
While  waiting,  some  one  pointed  to  the  moun¬ 
tains  to  indicate  our  direction,  and  many  were 
the  conjectures  and  speculations  as  to  the  point 
of  entering  them,  and  the  possibility  of  getting 
over  or  around  the  apparently  impenetrable  bar¬ 
riers.  All  were  eager  and  every  eye  Vfas  on  the 
alert. 

“All  aboard”  was  heard,  and  in  the  throng 
we  noticed  a  little,  old  man,  who,  from  his  ap¬ 
pearance,  was  evidently  an  Irishman  just  from 
the  old  sod.  He  had  no  idea  the  direction  the 
train  would  go,  and  when  it  gently  started 
directly  for  the  "high  mountains,  he  thought 
surely  something  was  wrong ;  a  person  running 
through  the  car  confirmed  his  fear,  he  rushed 
frantically  up  to  the  first  person  and  wanted  to 
know  “  Has  the  train  got  away  ?”  “  Does  the 


guard  know  which  way  the  thing  is  going?” 
Presently  the  conductor — over  200  pounds  of 
him — came  along  and  assured  him  that  “  the 
thing”  was  going  all  right,  and  that  the  train 
could  easily  get  over  the  mountains,  etc.  The 
little  old  man  quieted,  but  we  could  see  by  his 
flashing  eyes  what  he  thought  of  that  conductor ; 
nothing  but  the  disparity  in  size  and  weight  en¬ 
abled  that  conductor  to  reach  the  bosom  of  his 
family  that  night.  Entering  the  mouth  of  the 
canon,  we  follow  the  creek  in  its  tortuous  course 
— in  places  far  above — and  then  on  a  level  with 
its  banks,  beside  perpendicular  cliffs  and 
beneath  overhanging  walls  a  thousand  or  more 
feet  in  height.  The  whole  scene  changes  with 
every  revolution  of  the  wheels,  and  to  be  sure 
not  to  miss  many  grand  views,  one  must  keep 
alert  and  watchful  all  the  time. 

Chimney  Gulch  is  passed  in  three  miles  and 
Guy  Gulch  in  another  three.  Between  these  two 
4  gulches  are  many  old  placer  claims,  but  little 
has  been  done  in  them  since  1859-60,  when  this 
was  a  busy  camp.  Two  miles  further  is 

Beaver  Brook,  the  first  stopping  place  so  far 
on  this  route.  Beaver  Brook,  a  small  stream, 
comes  in  on  the  left,  down  a  narrow  canon,  up 
which  six  miles  distant,  is  located  a  saw  mill  in 
a  perfect  forest  of  timber.  Near  the  station, 
away  up  on  a  projecting  point  of  the  mountain, . 
300  feet  above  the  road,  and  almost  overhanging 
it,  is  located  a  pavillion  with  a  stairway  leading  to 
it  from  near  the  platform  below.  In  the  summer 
this  place  is  a  great  resort  for  picnic  parties  from 
the  valley  below  and  the  mountain  towns  above ; 
also  for  school  children,  the  railroad  company 
running  extra  trains  and  giving  very  low  rates 
for  their  accommodation.  See  Illustration. 

The  scenery  at  this  point  is  grand  ;  the  moun¬ 
tains  are  full  1,000  feet  above  the  road,  on  either 
hand,  and  covered  in  places  with- a  dense  growth 
of  young  pine  and  spruce  trees,  presenting  an 
appearance  as  wild,  picturesque  and  romantic 
as  one  could  wish. 

Leaving  the  station,  our  road  makes  a  thirty 
degree  curve  to  the  right,  up  a  grade  of  272  feet 
to  the  mile  under  a  projecting  spur  of  the  moun¬ 
tain,  which  rises  1,500  feet  above  our  train,  while 
the  creek  is  close,  and  far  below,  thundering 
along  down  its  narrow,  rocky  bed. 

The  little  old  Irishman  on  the  train  who  had 
said  nothing  up  to  reaching  this  point,  but  had 
scanned  the  route  wi,th  an  eager  eye,  now  ex¬ 
claimed,  “  The  mon  that  picked  out  this  route 
must  have  been  a  perfect  divil  wid  wings.” 
When  told  it  was  Mr.  Loveland,  president  of  the 
road,  who  selected  the  ro.ute,  he  declared,  “  He 
was  a  bold  chap — no  bit  of  a  fool.”  To  the  last 
proposition  our  passengers  readily  agreed. 

Elk  Creek,  a  side  track  for  passing  trains,  is 
reached,  one  mile  above  Beaver  Brook,  and  we 
continue  climbing  up,  up,  between  towering 
mountain  cliffs,  in  places  clothed  with  evergreen 
pine,  cedar  and  spruce  trees,  with  shrubs  of  va- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  41 


rious  kinds,  until  we  reach  a  point  three  miles 
above  Elk  Creek,  where  the  walls  on  the  west 
side  of  the  creek  slope  away,  and  our  train  is 
rolling  past  the 

Big  Hill. — Here  the  old  Mt.  Vernon  wagon 
road  comes  down  the  mountain  from  the  left,  the 
grade  of  which,  in  places,  is  thirty-four  to  100 
feet.  This  road  leaves  the  valley  about  two 
miles  south  of  Golden,  and  after  climbing  the 
mountains  via  Mt.  Vernon  Canon,  to  an  altitude 
of  8,000  feet,  descends  this  “  hill  ”  and  runs  up 
the  north  branch  of  Clear  Creek  to  Black  Hawk. 
Many  of  the  mills  and  the  machinery  used  in 
these  mountains,  in  early  days,  before  the  rail¬ 
road,  were  hauled  over  this  road ;  and  where  the 
grades  were  the  steepest,  the  wagons  were  eased 
down  by  ropes  secured  by  a  turn  or  two  around 
huge  pine  trees  beside  the  road,  and  at  this  time, 
the  marks  of  the  ropes  are  to  be  seen  on  the 
stumps  where  they  have  peeled  the  bark,  so  taut 
were  the  lines.  We  know — of  our  own  personal 
knowledge — where  it  took  ten  men,  besides  their 
teams,  nine  days  to  lower  down  this  “hill”  one 
boiler,  the  weight  of  which  was  a  little  over 
seven  tons.  Those  who  grumble  at  railroad 
charges,  please  take  notice :  the  wagon  road  is 
still  there — try  it. 

Fours  Creek,  one  mile  further  on,  is  the  junc¬ 
tion  of  the  North  and  South  Clear  Creek.  Here 
the  route  for  Georgetown  turns  to  the  left,  across 
the  bridge,  while  that  for  Black  Hawk  and  Cen¬ 
tral  keeps  to  the  right.  As  we  have  always  had 
a  desire  to  do  right,  we  will  keep  to  the  right 
awhile  longer,  and  note  the  result. 

From  this  point  to  Black  Hawk,  seven  miles — 
and  we  might  include  that  portion  from  Floyd 
Hill  to  Georgetown,  on  the  south  fork — nearly 
every  foot  of  the  creek  bed  has  been  dug  over, 
time  and  again,  by  miners,  in  search  of  the  yel¬ 
low  metal — gold.  Dams,  in  many  places,  have 
turned  the  waters  of  the  creek,  through  flumes, 
first  on  one  side  of  the  creek  bed,  then  on  the 
other,  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  earth,  from 
surface  to  bed  rock,  and  one  side  of  the  gulch 
to  the  other,  have  been  dug  and  washed  over 
by  white  men,  and  when  given  up  by  them, 
have  been  “jumped”  by  the  Chinese  Companies, 
many  of  their  people  can  be  seen  daily,  washing 
and  working  these  old  “placer  diggings”  over 
again. 

Cottonwood,  a  milk  ranch  and  side  track  sta¬ 
tion,  is  two  miles  above  the  Forks,  and  the  same 
below  Smith  Hill.  Just  at  this  station  comes  in 
the  old  wagon  road,  built  in  1862  ;  it  is  a  branch 
of  the  Golden  Gate  road,  alluded  to  in  Tour 
One,  which  is  built  over  the  noted  “Guy  Hill,” 
one  of  the  most  villianous  in  the  mountains. 

Nearly  opposite  this  station,  comes  down  Rus¬ 
sell  Gulch,  up  which  are  located  the  old  placer 
mines,  so  noted  in  1859. 

Proceeding  onward  and  upward,  about  one 
mile  above  the  station,  we  pass,  on  the  left,  the 
old  Excelsior  and  the  Whipple  Mills,  now  aban¬ 


doned,  except  as  a  shelter  for  a  few  Chinese  min¬ 
ers,  who  work  along  the  creek. 

By  looking  away  up  the  mountain  side  on  the 
left,  westward,  can  be  seen  the  railroad  track 
where  it  runs  along,  first  to  the  south,  then  back 
to  the  north,  gaining  altitude  at  each  turn,  in 
order  to  overcome  the  heavy  grade  and  allow  our 
train  to  run  into  Central  City. 

Rolling  along,  we  pass  several  quartz  mills ; 
across  the  creek  to  the  west  bank,  and  along  the 
road,  on  the  right,  is  the  site  and  ruins  of  the 
first  reduction  works  of  the  Boston  and  Colorado 
Company,  whose  present  works  are  located  at 
Argo,  as  noted  in  our  First  Tour. 

Three  miles  above  Smith  Hill  is  located  Black 
Hawk,  a  city  of  about  2,000  population,  all  of 
whom  are  engaged  in  mining,  directly  or  indi¬ 
rectly. 

See  description  of  Black  Hawk  in  “ Cities , 
Towns,  Etc.” 

The  wagon  road  to  Central  City  keeps  up 
Gregory  Gulch,  west  through  old  Mountain  City, 
past  several  quartz  mills ;  distance  one  and  a  half 
miles  ;  by  rail  it  is  four  miles. 

The  railroad  grade  between  Black  Hawk  and 
Central,  a  heavy  one,  was  completed  during  the 
summer  of  1878.  The  track  runs  up  North 
Clear  Creek  north  of  Black  Hawk,  and  curves 
around  to  the  west  and  southward  again,  pass¬ 
ing  through  the  upper  part  of  the  city,  over  the 
principal  business  street,  and  along  the  side  of 
the  mountain  as  heretofore  described,  affording 
the  passenger  a  fine  view  of  furnaces,  stamp- 
mills,  and  the  railroad  along  Clear  Creek  up 
which  we  came  to  reach  Black  Hawk,  and  also  a 
good  view  of  that  city  and  surrounding  moun¬ 
tains. 

Leaving  Black  Hawk,  we  start  on  our  zig¬ 
zag  tour  to  Central,  on  the  route  above  named. 
The  ride  is  one  of  great  interest.  After  proceed¬ 
ing  half  a  mile  up  North  Clear  Creek,  our  train 
stops,  the  switch  is  turned  and  back  it  goes,  but 
not  on  the  same  track.  It  is  climbing  the  world 
at  a  rapid  rate ;  now  it  is  directly  over  the  city, 
then  on  the  steep  mountain  side  beyond  ;  then, 
thunders  over  high  bridges  that  span  deep  and 
fearful  chasms,  and  stops  at  the  end  of  two 
miles  on  the  brink  of  a  precipice  400  feet  above 
the  same  road  up  which  it  came  within  the  hour, 
quite  near  enough  to  reach  with  a  sling  and 
stone.  Again  forward  and  again  climbing,  now 
the  track  runs  parallel  with  the  other  two,  but 
each  far  above  the  other.  Soon  the  train  rounds 
the  mountain  spur  opposite  Black  Hawk,  but  400 
feet  above,  then  bears  away  to  the  westward, 
heading  off  deep  ravines,  or  crossing  them  on 
high  bridges,  over  streets  lined  on  each  side  with 
mills,  stores  and  residences,  the  homes  of  the  ' 
citizens.  The  views  of  scenery  are  the  most 
varied  and  surprising,  the  changes  as  rapid  and 
wonderful  as  those  of  the  kaleidoscope ;  yet,  with 
all  the  scenic  beauty  of  this  western  country, 
within  the  reach  of  all,  many  of  our  people 


42  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


THE  HIGH  LINE  ROAD  BETWEEN  BLACK  HAWK  AND  CENTRAL  CITY. 


never  visit  them,  but  sigh  for  a  tour  to  foreign  I 
lands.  A  few  more  revolutions  of  the  wheels, 
and  the  train  stops  at  the  end  of  the  road,  at 
Central  City,  the  county  seat  and  chief  town  in 
Gilpin  county,  thirty-nine  miles  from  Denver. 
Altitude,  8,516  feet ;  population,  2,626,  all  of 
whom  are  connected  with  the  mining  industry, 
more  or  less. 

The  mountains  surrounding  Central  and  Black 
Hawk — when  gold  was  first  discovered  in  them — - 
were  covered  with  a  dense  growth  of  pine  and 
spruce  trees,  but  they  are  about  all  cut  off  now, 
and  the  whole  mountain  top  and  sides,  with  the 
stumps  and  prospect  holes,  present  a  face, — 
“pock-marked,”  we  should  say,  were  it  a  child, 
beyond  the  recognition  of  its  own  mother. 

Central  is  the  center  of  an  extensive  mining 
section,  composed  of  small  villages,  camps,  or 
“diggings,”  some  of  which  number  500  or  600 
inhabitants,  who  purchase  the  greater  portion  of 
their  goods  at  the  county  seat. 

See  description  of  Central,  Black  Hatch  and 
surrounding  towns,  under  list  of  “ Cities ,  Towns, 
etc.,”  and  also  “Post  Roads”  No.  11. 

We  will  return  to  the  Forks,  take  the  George¬ 
town  train,  cross  the  bridge,  and  follow  up  South 
Clear  Creek. 

Soon  after  leaving  the  station,  our  train  arrives 
at  a  narrow  gorge  and  a  sharp  curve  in  the  road, 
where  a  huge  spur  of  the  mountain  projects  out, 
within  200  feet  of  its  tall  brother  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  creek ;  and  as  the  train  passes  under 
this  over-hanging  cliff,  we  enter  one  of  the  grand¬ 


est  natural  amphitheatres  in  the  world.  The  moun¬ 
tain  rises  over  2,000  feet  above  the  stream  which 
is  here  compressed  to  a  rapid  torrent,  thunder¬ 
ing  at  its  very  base.  The  space  between  the 
mountain  cliffs  is  just  sufficient  for  the  creek  and 
road ;  in  others,  the  roadbed  had  to  be  blasted 
out  from  the  mountain-side. 

The  scenery  for  the  next  two  miles  is  unusually 
impressive.  In  places  small  pine  and  cedar 
trees  can  be  seen  in  the  gorges  and  crevices, 
which  add  additional  beauty  to  the  scene. 

About  three  miles  above  the  Junction  the  road 
curves  to  the  right,  opposite  the  base  of  Floyd 
Hill,  down  which  comes  the  old  wagon  road,  from 
Bergens  township  to  the  south,  and  follows  up 
the  west  bank  and  crosses  the  creek  at  Floyd 
Hill  Station — three  miles  from  the  Forks. 

From  this  point  up  to  Georgetown,  twenty-one 
miles,  the  creek  shows  many  evidences  of  “placer 
mining,”  and  is  one  of  the  sections  alluded  to  on 
a  preceding  page. 

Passing  up,  the  creek  bottom  widens,  and  the 
mountains  are  not  as  high.  Several  old  desert¬ 
ed  mills  are  to  be  seen,  and  some  work  in  the 
placer  diggings  along  the  creek.  Five  miles 
brings  us  to 

Idaho  Springs — twenty  miles  west  of  Golden, 
and  sixteen  miles  from  Georgetown.  Elevation, 
7,515  feet ;  population,  1,300.  Idaho,  for  its  hot 
and  cold  mineral  springs,  has  become  noted  as  a 
summer  resort.  See  description  of  Idaho,  under 
list  of  “Cities,  Towns,”  etc. 

To  the  south  of  Idaho  ten  miles,  at  Brookvale 

7  y 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


on  Bear  Biver,  is  a  very  beautiful 
summer  resort.  Stages  leave  Ida¬ 
ho  daily  in  summer  for  Brookvale. 

Fare  $1.50;  also  for  Central  City, 
seven  miles ;  fare  $1.00.  (See 
Brookvale.) 

Leaving  Idaho  and  continuing 
on  up  the  north  side  of  the  creek, 
we  come  to  Trail  Run,  which 
comes  in  from  the  southwest ; 
up  this  creek  are  some  good  quartz 
mines  and  extensive  forests  of 
timber.  Here  is  located  the  Free¬ 
land  mills,  and  near  by  are  the 
celebrated  Freeland  and  Hukill 
lodes. 

Fall  River  or  Spanish  Bar  is 
two  miles  above  Idaho.  Here 
comes  in  from  the  north  a  small 
creek  called  Fall  River,  about 
eight  miles  in  length,  along  which 
are  located  1,000  quartz  claims 
and  several  mills. 

Above  Fall  River,  half  a  mile, 

Turkey  Run  comes  down  from  the 
south,  where  are  located  the  Ste¬ 
phens  mining  properties  and  mill. 

A  little  further  on  we  have  Spring 
Gulch,  from  the  north,  where  is 
located  some  mills  and  valuable 
mines. 

Dumont,  once  known  as  Mill 
City,  is  four  miles  above  Fall 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  Creek, 
which  comes  in  from  the  north. 

Up  this  creek  is  located  some 
valuable  mines  and  mills. 

At  different  points  above  Idaho 
are  located  mills,  mines,  tunnels, 
and  extensive  mining  improve¬ 
ments,  which  include  some  placer 
mining.  Four  miles  above  Du¬ 
mont  is  Lawson’s,  at  the  base  of 
Red  Elephant  Mountain.  Near 
by  are  located  many  valuable 
quartz  mines,  the  opening  or 
“  dump”  of  some  of  the  mines  can 
be  seen  away  up  near  the  top  of 
the  mountain,  marked  by  a  white 
deposit  line,  extending  down  to¬ 
wards  the  valley  below. 

Empire,  the  station  for  Empire  City,  is  about 
one  mile  above  Lawson,  but  the  city  is  not  in 
view,  being  about  one  mile  to  the  westward,  up 
the  north  fork  of  Clear  Creek. 

The  road  over  the  range  to  the  Middle  Park, 
via  Berthoud  Pass,  11,850  feet,  runs  through 
Empire,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  moun¬ 
tain  roads  for  variety  of  ever-changing  pano¬ 
ramic  views  to  be  had  in  the  world,  of  which 
more  hereafter.  After  crossing  the  north  fork 
our  course  is  south,  running  along  the  base  of 
Republican  Mountain,  which  rises  above  the 


DEVIL’S  GATE,  GEORGETOWN. 

road,  almost  perpendicular,  1,250  feet,  while  on 
the  east,  Alpine  Mountain  elevates  its  crest  2,000 
feet  high ;  on  the  sides  of  these  mountains  are 
shafts,  tunnels,  and  prospect  holes  in  great 
numbers. 

About  three  miles  further  the  Union  Pass 
Wagon  Road  can  be  seen  away  upon  the  side  of 
the  mountain  to  the  right.  The  road  is  built 
through  a  depression,  between  Douglas  and  Dem¬ 
ocrat  Mountains,  and  is  bordered  on  one  side 
going  up  and  the  other  going  down  with  tremen¬ 
dous  precipices,  affording  a  view  from  the  sum- 


44  .  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


mit  of  the  valleys  of  Clear  and  Bard  Creeks,  with 
I  Georgetown  and  Empire  in  plain  sight.  From 
Empire  station  it  is  five  miles  to  the  end  of  the 
:  road  at  Georgetown,  elevation,  8,580  feet ;  popu- 
l  lation,  8,210;  sixteen  miles  from  Idaho  and 
fifty-two  miles  from  Denver. 

There  are  a  number  of  little  towns  and  mining 
camps  near  Georgetown,  chief  of  which  are  Silver 
Plume,  Brownville  and  Silver  Dale,  from  two  to 
three  miles  distant. 

See  description  under  “  Cities,  Towns,”  etc.,  also 
of  adjoining  towns  and  ”  Gray's  Peakf  “Green 
Lake,”  also  “  Post  Roads, “  Nos.  12,  13  and  14. 

This  tour  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  and 
cheapest  that  can  he  made  from  Denver.  Yet 
|  each  tour  has  its  own  peculiar  features,  and 
none  should  be  omitted,  or  you  might  possibly 
I  miss  the  very  thing  that  would  be  of  the  deepest 
;  interest. 


TOUR  NUMBER  THREE. 


DENVER  PACIFIC  KAILROAD,  OR  CHEYENNE  DIVISION 
UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY. 

In  the  fall  of  1867,  this  company  was  organ¬ 
ized  at  Denver  City,  Colorado,  the  object  of 
which  was  to  connect  the  city  by  rail  and  tele¬ 
graph  lines  with  the  Union  Pacific  at  Cheyenne. 
The  distance  to  be  overcome  was  106  miles, 
through  a  country  possessing  no  serious  obsta¬ 
cles,  and  many  favorable  inducements  to  the 
enterprise.  For  a  part  of  the  way,  the  country 
along  and  for  some  distance  on  either  side  of  the 
road  is  a  rich  farming  section,  the  remainder 
being  through  excellent  grazing  lands.  The 
desire  to  open  up  this  rich  region,  to  connect  the 
city  of  Denver  with  the  trans-continental  rail¬ 
road,  by  which  to  afford  a  way  for  cheap  and 
fast  freight  and  rapid  transit  of  passengers,  in¬ 
duced  the  people  of  Colorado  to  take  hold  of  the 
scheme,  when  proposed,  with  commendable  zeal 
and  alacrity.  Subscriptions  for  about  one-fourth 
the  amount  of  money  required  were  made  in  a 
few  days,  and  the  county  bonds  of  Arapahoe 
county  were  almost  unanimously  voted  to  the 
amount  of  $500,000,  and  work  commenced. 

The  road  was  completed  from  Cheyenne  to 
Evans  in  the  fall  of  1869,  and  to  Denver,  June 
24th,  1870.  In  the  spring  of  1872  the  road  was 
sold  to  the  Kansas  Pacific  Bailroad  Company,' 
and  in  the  summer  of  1879  the  bondholders  sold 
the  road,  and  it  was  purchased  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Bailway  Company. 

The  cars  leave  the  Union  Depot,  foot  of  Six¬ 
teenth  street.  Time,  10:30  a.  m.  Beclining 
chair  cars  are  run  on  all  regular  passenger 
trains  ;  charges  fifty  cents. 

“  All  aboard.”  Our  course  is  -directly  north, 


along  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Platte  Biver,  grad¬ 
ually  climbing  to  the  higher  prairie. 

Jersey  is  passed  in  three  miles  and  Hender¬ 
son’s  Island  in  twelve  more,  both  side  tracks  of 
little  importance.  Along  the  Platte  Biver,  on 
the  left,  most  of  the  lands  are  under  cultivation. 
Also  the  prairie  on  the  right,  wherever  water  can 
be  had  for  irrigation. 

Brighton — formerly  Hughes — twenty  miles 
from  Denver,  is  the  junction  of  the  Boulder  Yalley 
Boad.  Distance  to  Boulder  twenty-eight  miles. 
See  Tour  One. 

The  view  of  the  mountains  continues  for  the 
whole  length  of  the  road,  presenting  new  beau¬ 
ties  at  every  point  along  the  route. 

Fort  Lupton  is  the  next  station,  five  miles 
distant,  near  the  site  of  an  old  adobe  building  of 
that  name,  a  trading  post  in  early  days.  The 
surroundings  are  all  agricultural  and  stock-rais¬ 
ing.  Continuing  along,  the  next  station,  six 
miles  distant,  is  Johnson,  and  four  miles  more  is 
Platteville,  both  side  tracks  for  local  travel. 

Five  miles  beyond  Platteville  is  the  junction  of 
the  Julesburgh  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific,  at 
this  time,  December  1st,  1880,  not  quite  com¬ 
pleted.  This  road  leaves  the  main  line  of  the 
“  Union”  at  Julesburgh,  377  miles  west  of  the 
Missouri  Biver,  and  follows  up  the  South  Platte 
Biver,  on  its  north  bank,  through  Biverside, 
Sterling,  Sarinda  and  Buffalo,  to  within  eighteen 
miles  of  the  junction,  where  it  crosses  to  the 
south  side.  It  is  about  140  miles  in  length,  all 
the  way  through  the  finest  grazing  country  in 
the  world,  and  where  now  roam  many  hundred 
thousand  head  of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses. 

In  places  along  this  “  Branch  ”  there  are  some 
good  agricultural  lands,  in  others  extensive  hay 
fields.  The  land  is  all  “  taken  up”  and  the 
greater  portion  occupied  for  some  purpose. 

Crossing  the  Platte  Biver,  on  our  tour,  we 
reach  Evans,  forty-eight  miles  from  Denver. 
Population  353.  It  is  situated  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Platte  Biver,  and  is  the  center  of  one  of 
the  most  prosperous  agricultural  portions  of 
Colorado.  Water  for  irrigating  purposes  is  ob¬ 
tained  in  abundance  from  Big  Thompson  and  the 
Cache-a-la  Poudre  Bivers. 

Two  miles  north  is  located  the  Fair  Grounds 
of  the  Weld  County  Agricultural  Society,  where 
annually  are  displayed  the  productions  of  Weld 
and  Larimer  counties. 

Two  miles  further  is  the  town  of  Greeley,  laid 
out  in  1870  by  the  Greeley  colony. 

See  description  under  the  head  of  “  Cities, 
Towns,”  also  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  1,  2,  3  and  19. 

Crossing  the  Cache-a-la  Poudre  Biver  and  many 
large  irrigating  canals,  our  train  climbs  the 
prairie  lands  as  in  Tour  One,  affording  similar 
views  of  mountain  and  plains  scenery.  Above 
these  canals  the  country  is  given  over  to  the 
stock  interests  exclusively. 

From  Greeley  it  is  fifteen  miles  to  Pierce, 
nineteen  miles  to  Carr  and  ten  miles  more  to 


CROFUTT’ S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE .  45 


Divide,  just  beyond  which  the  road  crosses  the 
line  between  Colorado  to  Wyoming.  These  are  all 
side  track  stations  of  little  interest  to  the  traveler. 
Along  the  road  for  the  last  thirty  miles  can  be 
seen  at  times,  an  occasional  band  of  antelope, 
some  wolves  and  many  prairie  dogs. 

From  the  Divide  it  is  ten  miles  to  Cheyenne, 
where  we  arrive  at  3:10  p.  m.,  in  time  to  go  east 
on  the  regular  Overland  train  that  leaves  Chey¬ 
enne  at  3 : 35  p.  m.,  arriving  in  Omaha  the  next 
day  at  3:25  p.  m.  Distance  from  Denver  to 
Cheyenne  106  miles ;  Cheyenne  to  Omaha  516 
miles ;  Cheyenne  to  Ogden,  Utah,  516  miles ; 
Cheyenne  to  San  Francisco,  California,  1,359 
miles. 


TOUR  NUMBER  FOUR. 

KANSAS  PACIFIC  RAILWAY,  OR  KANSAS  DIVISION  UNION 
PACIFIC  RAILWAY. 

The  history  of  this  company,  under  various 
names,  would  fill  more  space  than  we  can  devote 
to  that  purpose.  Suffice  to  say,  the  Kansas  Pa¬ 
cific  Company  by  another  name,  was  incorpor¬ 
ated  July  1st,  1862,  and  work  commenced  Sep¬ 
tember  1st,  1863,  at  Wyandotte,  Kansas.  By 
amendments  to  the  charter  July  2d,  1864,  and 
July  3d,  1866,  additional  rights  and  privileges 
were  acquired,  and  the  road  was  extended  and 
completed  to  Denver,  August  15th,  1870,  and  by 
the  purchase  of  the  Denver  Pacific,  in  1872,  to 
Cheyenne.  Distance  from  Kansas  City  to  Den¬ 
ver,  639  miles  ;  to  Cheyenne,  745  miles. 

Two  express  trains  leave  the  Union  depot,  Den¬ 
ver  for  Kansas  City  daily ;  each  of  which  are 
provided  with  Pullman  sleeping  cars,  and  Horton 
reclining  chair  cars.  It  is  184  miles  east  from 
Denver  to  the  State  line.  We  shall  go  that  far 
and  sketch  the  route. 

The  first  train  leaves  at  11:30  a.  m.,  the  sec¬ 
ond  at  11 : 00  p.  m. 

“All  Aboard  !”  is  the  order,  and  our  train  rolls 
northward  for  about  two  miles  and  then  turns 
east  across  the  prairie,  reaching  Schuyler,  a 
small  station  situated  on  Sand  Creek,  in  twelve 
miles,  and  Box  Elder  in  eleven  miles  more. 

This  last  station  is  5,546  feet  altitude,  350  feet 
higher  than  the  city  of  Denver,  situated  on  Box 
Elder  creek,  in  a  section  wholly  devoted  to  stock- 
raising.  Watkins  is  the  post  office  name  for 
the  station. 

From  Denver  to  Cedar  Point,  fifty-four  miles, 
the  road  crosses  sixteen  small  stream,  all  run¬ 
ning  north,  uniting  with  the  Platte  Biver  near 
Fermont’s  Orchard,  forty-eight  miles  east  of 
Greeley.  Many  of  these  streams  are  dry  in 
places  during  the  summer  months,  but  afford 
warer  sufficient  for  the  stock  of  cattle,  sheep, 


etc.,  that  range  the  country  adjacent  thereto. 
Between  all  these  streams  are  corresponding 
ridges — “divides” — of  rolling  prairie  land,  cov¬ 
ered  at  all  times  with  the  most  nutritious 
grasses,  of  which,  more  hereafter. 

Nine  miles  from  Box  Elder  is  Bennett,  a  side 
track,  reached  just  before  Kiowa  Creek.  Wolf 
and  Chamanche  creeks  are  next  crossed,  and 
twelve  miles  brings  the  train  to 

Byers,  situated  on  West  Bijou  Creek. 
This  station  was  named  for  the  old  1859  pioneer 
newspaper  man,  W.  N.  Byers,  present  post¬ 
master  at  Denver. 

Deer  Trail,  situated  on  East  Bijou  Creek,  is 
reached  twenty-two  miles  from  Byers,  after 
crossing  Middle  Bijou  and  a  number  of  smaller 
streams. 

Stock  Raising. — Here  we  are  surrounded  by 
the  finest  grazing  lands  in  Colorado,  or  the  world. 
They  extend  east  and  west  from  about  mid  way 
the  line  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  at  Ellis,  to  the 
foot-hills  of  the  Rockies,  and  to  many  of  the 
mountain  valleys ;  and  from  north  to  south  500 
miles  in  extent.  On  this  mammoth  pasture, 
range  at  will,  millions  of  cattle,  sheep  and  horses 
the  year  around,  without  feeding  hay  or  grain, 
and  only  such  care  as  will  prevent  them  from 
straying  beyond  reach. 

The  gramma  or  “bunch”  grass  is  the  most  nu¬ 
tritious  grass  grown,  and  seems  peculiar  to  this 
western  country,  being  wholly  unknown  in  the 
Eastern  States,  or  the  old  world.  It  grows  from 
five  to  twelve  inches  high  and  is  always  green  at 
the  roots  winter  and  summer.  During  the  sum¬ 
mer  the  dry  atmosphere  cures  the  standing  grass 
as  effectually  as  though  cut  and  prepared  for 
hay.  The  nutritive  qualities  of  the  grass  remain 
uninjured,  and  the  stock  thrive  equally  well  on 
the  dry  feed.  In  the  winter,  what  snow  falls  is 
very  dry,  unlike  that  which  falls  in  more  humid 
climates.  It  may  cover  the  ground  to  the  depth 
of  a  few  inches,  but  the  cattle  readily  remove  it, 
reaching  the  grass  without  trouble.  Then  again, 
the  snow  does  not  stick  to  the  sides  of  the  cattle 
and  horses  and  melt  there,  chilling  them  through, 
but  its  dryness  causes  it  to  roll  from  their  backs, 
leaving  their  hair  dry. 

In  some  portions  of  this  great  stock  range,  a 
kind  of  white  sage  and  greasewood  grows  luxu¬ 
riantly,  on  which  cattle  and  sheep  thrive  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  grasses. 

No  drouths  which  have  been  experienced  in 
this  great  range  have  ever  seriously  affected  the 
pasturage,  owing  to  the  peculiar  qualities  of  the 
grasses  indigenous  to  the  country.  So  with 
storms ;  it  has  seldom  happened  that  any  storms 
are  experienced  that  cause  loss,  and  none  ever 
need  to,  and  none  ever  do,  when  the  stock  is 
properly  attended  to  and  herded. 

On  these  ranges  it  is  common  for  stock  of  many 
owners  to  range  together,  and  a  system  of  brands 
has  been  adopted,  and  recorded  with  the  county 
clerk  in  the  section  of  country  where  the  herds 


46  .  CBOFUTT’S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


belong.  The  recording  of  the  brand  is  a  protec¬ 
tion  against  theft  and  loss  by  straying,  as  each 
cattle  man  knows  the  brands  in  use  on  his 
range,  and  each  endeavors  to  protect  the  other’s 
interest. 

The  illustration  that  we  present  shows  one  of 
the  brands  in  use,  and  the  method  adopted  by  all 
cattle  men  to  make  known  their  brand,  and  the 
particular  range,  or  home  range  of  the  cattle. 
The  following  are  actual  names,  brands,  range 
and  address : 


Durbin,  Orb  &  Co. — Cattle  branded  'B;  also,  some  of  them 
\B,  and  horses  the  same.  Post  office,  Cheyenne,  W.  T.  Range, 
Bear  Creek. 

The  Annual  “Round  Up.” — One  of  the  most 
important  and  interesting  features  of  the  stock- 
raising  business  is  the  cattle  “round-up.”  In 
the  “free  and  easy”  manner  of  raising  .cattle  on 
the  broad  western  plains,  where  the  owner  may 
not  see  one-half  of  his  herd  for  six  months  at  a 
time,  it  may  be  imagined  that  the  restless  cattle 
scatter  almost  from  Dan  to  Beersheba,  and  thkt 
extra  effort  is  necessary  when  they  are  finally 
collected  by  the  regular  spring  “round-up.” 
Companies  of  herders  are  organized  to  scour 
certain  sections  of  the  country,  and  bring  every 
animal  to  a  grand  focal  point,  no  matter  who 
that  animal  may  belong  to  or  what  its  condition 
may  be.  The  old-fashioned  “husking -bee,” 
“  ’possum-hunt,”  or  “training-day,”  is  vastly  out¬ 
done  by  this  grand  revelry  of  the  herders. 
Mounted  on  their  fleetest  ponies,  the  cow-boys 
scatter  out  in  all  directions,  gather  in  “everything 
that  wears  horns,”  and  at  night  may  have  the 
property  of  half-a-dozen  owners  in  one  immense 
excited  herd.  Then,  while  a  cordon  of  herders 
hold  the  animals  together,  representatives  of 
the  different  “brands”  ride  into  the  herd,  single 
out  their  animals,  one  by  one,  and  drive  them  off 
to  be  branded  or  marketed.  Moving  along,  day 
after  day,  the  scene  is  repeated,  until  the  whole 
plains  country  has  been  visited,  and  every  breed¬ 
er  has  had  an  opportunity  to  take  an  inventory 
of  his  stock.  Of  course  the  participants  “camp 
out,”  wagons  following  the  herd,  with  blankets 
and  provisions,  the  “round-up”  season  being  one 
of  mirth  and  frolic,  as  well  as  of  work,  from  be¬ 
ginning  to  end. 

Agate  is  the  next  station,  twelve  miles  further 
east.  Moss  agates  are  said  to  abound  in  the 
neighborhood  of  this  station. 


Godfrey’s  is  five  miles  further.  This  station 
is  now  the  residence  of  Mr.  Holen  Godfrey,  the 
old  Indian  fighter  of  “Fort  Wicked.”  In  1865 
Mr.  Godfrey  kept  a  ranch  on  the  South  Platte 
River,  130  miles  below  Denver.  In  the  spring  of 
that  year  the  Plains  Indians,  after  burning  every 
ranch  for  eighty  miles  below,  and  massacreing 
all  the  white  people  they  could  find,  attacked 
“Godfrey’s  Ranch.”  Godfrey  was  at  home.  He 
knew  the  Indians  well,  knew  them  to  be  well 
armed  and  good  shots,  but  was  fearful  they  were 
short  of  lead,  and  he  resolved,  as  he  had  a  good 
supply  on  hand,  to  send  them  all  they  could 
carry  away.  There  were  only  three  persons  on 
the  premises  at  the  time,  and  Mr.  Godfrey  took  a 
position  that  would  command  all  approaches. 
The  other  persons  kept  him  supplied  with  loaded 
guns  while  he  forwarded  the  lead  to  the  Indians 
as  fast  as  they  approached  to  receive  it.  After 
three  days  and  nights  spent  in  this  way,  the  In¬ 
dians  retired  from  the  attack,  when  it  was  found 
that  nearly  a  dozen  red  devils  had  received  a  lit¬ 
tle  more  lead  than  they  could  carry,  and  had 
laid  down  to  rest,  ard  are  still  resting. 

Near  Godfrey  station  are  some  coal  mines  of 
fair  quality,  but  little  work  is  done  in  them. 
Four  miles  further  east  is 

Cedar  Point,  the  highest  altitude  on  the  road, 
5,730  feet.  Here  we  cross  the  “  Divide,”  between 
the  waters  that  run  to  the  north  and  south. 
This  high  ridge  shoots  east  from  the  mountain 
range,  near  the  head  of  Monument  Creek,  a  dis¬ 
tance  of  about  seventy-five  miles,  the  greater 
portion  of  the  distance  well  timbered  with  pine 
and  spruce. 

River  Bend  is  reached,  after  passing  over  the 
“  Divide,”  six  miles  from  Cedar  Point.  It  is 
situated  on  Big  Sandy  Creek,  once  made  famous 
as  the  creek  where  Colonel  Chivington,  in  1864 
had  a  “  little  unpleasantness”  with  the  Indians, 
resulting  in  over  400  of  them  departing  this  life 
for  the  “  sweet  by-and-by.”  The  locality  of  the 
battle-ground  is  about  seventy  miles  farther 
down  the  creek.  See  “  Post  Roads ”  No.  36. 
Leaving  the  Bend  it  is  nine  miles  to  Lake  and 
twelve  more  to 

Hugo,  named  for  Hugo  Richards,  a  Colorado 
pioneer.  This  is  a  regular  meal  station,  consist¬ 
ing  of  two  stores  and  about  a  dozen  residences 
and  little  else  except  cattle  and  cattlemen — they 
are  everywhere  in  this  country.'  A  few  miles 
from  Hugo  comes  in,  from  the  east,  the  old,  old 
wagon  road  traversed  by  the  early  “  Pikes  Peak- 
ers,”  who  took  the  “  Smoky  Hill  Route”  in  1859 
-60.  For  a  long  distance  this  route  followed  a 
high  ridge,  was  devoid  of  water,  and  much  suf¬ 
fering  to  emigrants  and  their  stock  resulted 
therefrom.  Our  train  is  now  on  the  down  grade, 
and  eleven  miles  from  Hugo,  it  stops  at 

Mirage.  This  station  is  named  from  that 
curious  phenomenon  the  Mirage,  (Meerazh) 
which  was  often  witnessed  on  the  old  wagon  road 
above  named. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


47 


In  early  days  the  toil-worn  emigrant,  when 
urging  his  weary  team  across  the  cheerless 
desert,  has  often  had  his  heart  lightened  by 
the  clear,  running  streams,  waving  trees  and 
broad  green  meadows,  which  appeared  to  be 
but  a  little  distance  away.  Often  has  the  un¬ 
wary  traveler  turned  aside  from  his  true 
course  and  followed  the  vision  for  weary  miles, 
only  to  learn  that  he  had  followed  a  phantom, 
a  will-o’-the-wisp. 

What  causes  these  optical  delusions  no,  one 
can  tell,  at  least  we  never  heard  of  a  satisfactory 
reason  being  given  for  the  appearance  of  the 
phenomenon.  We  have  seen  the  green  fields, 
the  leafy  trees  and  the  running  waters ;  we  have 
seen  them  all  near  by,  as  bright  and  beautiful 
as  though  they  really  existed,  when  they  ap¬ 
peared  too,  in  the  midst  of  desolation,  and  we 
have  seen  them  vanish  at  our  approach.  Who 
j  knows  how  many  luckless  travelers  have  fol¬ 
lowed  these  visions,  until,  overcome  with  thirst 
and  heat,  they  laid  down  to  die  on  the  burn¬ 
ing  sands,  far  from  the  cooling  shade  of  the 
trees  they  might  never  reach ;  far  from  the 
music  of  running  waters,  which  they  might  hear 
no  more. 

Onward  we  go,  reclining  on  the  soft  cushions 
of  the  elegant  palace  car,  thirty  miles  an  hour, 
rolling  over  the  once  trackless  prairie,  scarcely 
giving  a  thought  to  those  who,  in  early  days 
traversed  this  country,  parallel  with  our  road, 
only  twenty  or  thirty  miles  to  the  northward, 
and  suffered  so  fearfully  while  crossing  it,  and 
perchance  left  their  bones  to  bleach  and  whiten 
on  the  scorching  sands. 


NEAR  DENVER. 

Aroya  is  next  reached,  in  thirteen  miles,  and 
Wild  Horse  eleven  miles  further. 

Kit  Carson,  twelve  miles  east  of  Wild  Horse, 
was  named  for  the  old  hunter,  trapper,  and 
guide  of  that  name.  The  station  is  somewhat 
famous  as  being  the  point  where  the  Grand  Duke 
Alexis,  of  Russia,  tarried  to  hunt  buffalo,  in 
January,  1872.  It  was  a  big  hunt,  and  it  is  said 
that  the  Duke  killed  forty  of  the  noble  animals, 
and,  by  the  way,  we  are  in  the  midst  of  the  old 
buffalo  range,  but  of  late  years,  few,  if  any  have 
been  seen. 

Not  far  from  this  station  was  the  scene  of  the 
Indian  tight  above  alluded  to.  It  was  the  last 
stand  made  by  the  Indians  in  this  section  of  the 
country.  Along  this  valley  and  the  valley  of  the 
Republican  River,  seventy  miles  to  the  north¬ 
ward,  was  the  Indian’s  home,  to  retain  which  he 
fought  the  white  man  long  and  bitterly,  and  with 
the  usual  result,  the  Indian  had  to  go.  He  went ! 
Where  once  roamed  his  “  pony  herd”  in  thous¬ 
ands,  now  can  be  counted  the  dwellings  of  his 
successors  in  equal  numbers ;  where  once  the 
Indian’s  beef  (buffalo)  ranged  in  untold  millions, 
now  range  the  white  man’s  beef.  The  buffalo 
has  gone — went  with  the  Indians. 

It  is  an  established  fact  that  many  centuries 
ago  portions  of  this  State  were  inhabited  by  a 
race  of  people  of  whom  we  have  no  authentic 
history,  but  they  are  generally  supposed  to  he 
descendants  of  the  Astec  and  Toltec  races,  (a  few 
of  which  are  still  to  be  found  in  old  Mexico). 
Without  doubt  these  ancient  people  were  exter- 

The  Indians  on  the  plains  were  wont  to  call  the  locomotives 
and  cars  “heep  wagon,  no  hoss.” 


BOSTON  &  COLORADO  REDUCTION  WORKS,  ARGO, 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


48 


minatecl  or  driven  out  of  the  country  by  the 
tribes  of  Indians  found  occupying  it  when  dis¬ 
covered  by  the  whites.  Here  then  is  an  argu¬ 
ment  to  refute  the  claim  that  “  this  is  the  In¬ 
dian’s  country.”  The  Aztecs  and  Toltecs  owned 
the  country.  The  Indians  succeeded  them.  The 
whites  succeeded  the  Indians.  Will  the  time 
ever  come  when  the  present  succession  will  be 
succeeded  by  a  stronger?  Will  the  present 
white  race,  in  turn,  be  driven  out  and  extermi¬ 
nated? — Quin  Sale. 

A  branch  road  was  built  in  1870,  from  Kit 
Carson,  south  to  Fort  Lyon,  on  the  Arkansas 
River,  fifty  miles  distant,  but  the  rails  have  been 
taken  up  and  the  road  abandoned. 

At  Kit  Carson  our  road  leaves  the  Big  Sandy, 
which  it  followed  southeasterly,  and  turns 
across  the  country  to  the  north  of  east,  gaining 
288  feet  elevation  in  the  next  fourteen  miles.  At 

First  View,  altitude  4,593  feet,  passengers  from 
the  east  obtain  their  first  view  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  184  miles  distant  from  their  base. 
Here,  too,  passengers  from  the  west  take  their 
last  view. 

Cheyenne  Wells  is  the  next  station,  eleven 
miles  distant.  It  is  situated  on  Ladder  Creek, 
and  was  once  a  noted  station  on  the  Butterfield 
Stage  Route,  from  Atchison  to  Denver,  in 
1864-65. 

From  Cheyenne  Wells  it  is  eleven  miles  to 
Arapahoe,  near  the  State  line,  between  Colorado 
and  Kansas,  the  end  of  our  tour,  187  miles  east 
of  Denver,  where  we  are  at  8  p.  m. 

The  train  proceeds,  stopping  at  Brookville  for 
breakfast,  at  8:30  the  next  morning,  at  Topeka 
for  dinner,  at  2:45  p.  m.,  and  arrives  in  Kansas 
City  at  5  :  45  p.  m.,  639  miles  from  Denver. 

The  train  leaving  Denver  at  11  p.  m.,  takes 
breakfast  at  10  a.  m.,  at  Wallace ;  dinner  at  3 :  35 
p.  m.,  at  Ellis,  and  supper  at  8:40  p.  m.,  at 
Brookville,  arriving  in  Kansas  City  the  following 
morning  at  6  a,  m. 


TOUR  NUMBER  FIVE. 

DENVER,  SOUTH  PARK  AND  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

NARROW  GAUGE. 

January  1st,  1881,  this  road,  by  purchase, 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way  Company,  and  will  hereafter  be  known  as  the 

SOUTH  PARK  DIVISION  OF  UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY. 

This  road  is  a  three  foot  narrow  gauge,  or¬ 
ganized  in  1873,  under  the  general  incorporation 
laws  of  Colorado.  The  route  was  surveyed  in 
1874,  and  in  the  spring  of  1875  the  road  was 
completed  to  Platte  canon,  eighteen  miles,  with 
a  branch  to  Morrison,  sixteen  miles.  In  1876-7 
the  road  struggled  along  up  the  canon ;  but  in 
1878,  when  the  Leadville  carbonate  discoveries 


startled  the  world,  this  road  was  the  first  to 
profit  by  the  enormous  travel  that  set  in  for  the 
new  El  Dorado,  and  from  that  time  work  has 
been  prosecuted  with  great  vigor.  In  1879  the 
road  was  extended  through  the  South  Park,  and 
February  22d,  1880,  reached  Buena  Vista,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  135  miles  from  Denver, 
thirty-six  miles  from  Leadville.  (The  latter 
city  is  reached  by  this  company,  over  the  track 
of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  which  was  com¬ 
pleted  to  Leadville  early  in  the  spring  of  1880.) 

At  this  time,  (January  1st,  1881,)  the  road  is 
being  extended  into  the  Gunnison  country,  with 
all  possible  speed,  and  is  now  completed  to  Al¬ 
pine,  twenty  miles  from  Buena  Vista,  and  will 
reach  Gunnison  Valley  in  the  summer  of  1881. 

Branch  roads  are  building  from  several  points 
on  the  main  line ;  one  from  Garo  to  F airplay, 
distance  nine  miles,  and  another  from  Como 
to  Breckenridge,  about  twenty  miles,  still  others 
are  projected. 

Two  express  trains  leave  Denver  daily  over 
this  road,  and  both  fully  supplied  with  all  the 
modern  equipments — Pullman  Drawing-Room 
Sleeping  Cars,  etc. 

The  Day  Express  leaves  at  8 : 15  a.  m.  ;  ar¬ 
rives  at  Buena  Vista  6  :  15  p.  m.,  and  Leadville  at  j 
8  :  40  p.  m. 

The  Leadville  Express  leaves  at  7  :  30  p.  m., 
which  is  after  the  arrival  of  trains  from  the 
east,  and  arrives  at  Buena  Vista  at  5:25  a.  m. 
next  morning,  and  Leadville  at  7  :  50  a.  m. 

The  Day  Express  is  the  one  to  take  in  order  to 
obtain  the  best  views  of  the  magnificent  scenery, 
for  which  this  route  has  become  noted  the  world 
over.  The  train  starts  from  the  Union  Depot. 

“  All  aboard  !  ”  From  the  depot  our  route  is 
south,  crossing  the  sandy  bed  of  Cherry  Creek,  on 
a  long  bridge,  soon  after  starting,  and  we  come 
to  the  company’s  depot,  in  West  Denver,  from 
which  we  run  along  through  the  city  and  cross 
the  river  at  Val verde,  three  miles  from  our  start¬ 
ing  point. 

The  grand  old  mountains  are  now  on  our  right. 
The  road  continues  along  up  the  west  bank  of 
the  Platte,  crossing  Bear  Creek  near  its  mouth, 
and  reaches  Platte  canon  in  twenty  miles  from 
Denver. 

Bear  Creek  Junction  is  seven  miles  from  Den¬ 
ver.  Here  the  Morrison  Branch  leaves  the  main 
line,  following  up  Bear  Creek,  to  Gilman’s,  three 
miles ;  Lee’s  Siding,  two  miles ;  Mt.  Carbon, 
one  mile ;  and  three  miles  more  to  the  end  of  the 
road  at 

Morrison.  The  principal  business  of  this 
“  branch  ”  is  the  transportation  of  stone,  as  the 
best  building  stone  and  the  most  extensive  quar¬ 
ries  in  the  State  are  at  this  place.  Morrison  has 
a  population  of  200,  and  claims  to  have,  as  at¬ 
tractions,  “  The  Garden  of  the  Angels”  within  a 
mile  of  the  village,  a  Soda  Lake,  and  Sulphur 
Springs.  See  “  Post  Roads ”  No.  39. 

From  the  Junction  it  is  four  miles  to  Little- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  49 

ton,  a  small  place,  witli^  big  expectations,  in  the 
near  future,  of  becoming  a  suburban  residence  to 
the  city  of  Denver.  Six  miles  further,  through 
some  good  farming  lands,  well  cultivated,  our 
train  reaches  Archer,  but  seldom  stops— from 
which  it  is  three  miles  to 

Platte  Canon,  and  twenty  miles  from  Denver. 
At  this  place  an  English  company  are  engaged 
building  a  canal,  to  take  the  water  from  the 
Platte  River,  and  conduct  it  over  the  prairie  to 
the  eastward,  a  distance  of  seventy-live  miles. 
The  canal  will  be  large  enough  to  conduct  the 
greater  portion  of  the  water  usually  carried  in 
the  Platte.  It  will  run  along  on  the  highest 
divide  east  of  Denver,  and  the  water  offered  for 
sale  to  all  applicants  for  irrigating  the  lands  and 
for  manufacturing  purposes. 

The  grade  to  where  the  road  enters  the  moun¬ 
tains  is  light,  but  for  the  next  forty  miles  it  is, 
in  places  170  feet  to  the  mile. 

After  reaching  the  mouth  of  the  canon,  the 
road  turns  west,  crosses  and  re-crosses  the  river 
many  times  while,  ascending  the  narrow  gorge 
between  towering  mountains.  Some  are  2,000 
feet  in  height,  and  almost  overhanging  the  road. 
In  places  these  mountains  are  sloping  and 
covered  with  pine,  spruce  and  cedar  trees  ;  in  the 
summer  the  shrubs,  moss,  ferns  and  countless 
flowers  clinging  to  and  growing  from  every  nook 
and  crevice,  presents  a  scene  of  gorgeous  beauty, 
a  scene  where  the  God  of  nature  has  displayed 
his  handi-work  far  beyond  the  comprehension  of 
mortal  beings. 

Five  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  canon,  Ste¬ 
phens  Gulch  comes  in  from  the  left,  and  one  mile 
further  is  Deansbury.  Here  is  a  large  hotel,  where 
the  east  bound  passenger  trains  stop  for  break¬ 
fast— when  open— charges  seventy-five  cents. 
Three  miles  from  Dean’s  comes  South  Platte, 
a  side  track,  where  trains  stop  only  on  signal. 

Some  years  ago  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande 
Railroad  Company  laid  claim  to  the  right  of 
way,  from  near  Littleton,  on  their  main  line,  up 
the  canon  to  this  place,  and  from  here  up  the 
South  Fork  to  the  South  Park.  A  portion  of  the 
track  has  been  graded,  and  gangs  of  men  are  at 
work  in  several  places  above  this  station.  Their 
designs  are  unknown  to  the  public. 

Dome  Rock,  a  signal  station,  two  miles  above, 
is  named  for  a  mammoth  dome-shaped  rock  on 
the  south  side  of  the  road,  far  up  the  mountain 
side.  A  short  distance  above  is  a  foot-bridge 
across  the  river  tb  a  little  park,  which,  in  sum¬ 
mer,  is  a  great  resort  for  pic-nic  parties  from 
Denver  and  the  valley  towns. 

Passing  Dome  Rock,  we  are  whirled  along  over 
a  solid  road  bed,  through  and  around  the  pro¬ 
jecting  mountain  spurs,  with  rapid  and  ever- 
changing  scenery  on  either  side  ;  two  miles  brings 
us  to  Vermillion  ;  then  two  to  Park  Siding,  or 
Last  Resort ;  three  to  Buffalo,  three  to  Pine 
Grove,  three  to  Hildebrands,  three  to  Thomp¬ 
son’s  and  two  more  to 

4 

Crosson’s,  forty-eight  miles  from  Denver.  The 
last  six  stations  named  above  are  of  little  inter¬ 
est  to  the  traveler;  are  to  accommodate  wood 
choppers  and  lumbermen  in  the  vicinity. 

At  Crosson’s  is  located  the  Saxonia  smelting 
and  refining  works.  Rich  mineral  deposits  are 
found  near,  and  several  hundred  locations  have 
been  made.  Some  ores  assaying  up  in  the  thous¬ 
ands. 

Leaving  Crosson’s,  the  canon  becomes  a  nar¬ 
row  gorge,  with  perpendicular  or  over-hanging 
cliffs  rising  to  a  great  height,  bare  and  grand  in 
their  rugged  outlines.  A  few  more  revolutions  of 
the  wheels,  and  the  mountain  sides  slope  away, 
and  we  are  at  the  beautiful 

Estabrook  Park,  four  miles  from  Crosson’s. 
This  place  presents  some  attractions  as  a  sum¬ 
mer  resort,  particularly  to  those  fond  of  hunt¬ 
ing  and  fishing.  In  the  adjacent  country,  deer, 
bear  and  other  game  are  quite  plentiful,  and  in 
Deer  Creek  and  other  small  creeks  that  reach 
the  Platte  River  near  this,  trout  of  the  finest 
quality,  are  abundant. 

Bailey’s  is  three  miles  further  west.  It  is  sit¬ 
uated  in  a  narrow  valley,  varying  in  width  from 
one-eiglitli  to  half  a  mile,  for  the  next  ten  miles. 
The  near  mountains  on  each  side  are  low  and 
covered  with  a  young  growth  of  pine  and  cedar 
trees,  with  high  timber-covered  mountains  loom¬ 
ing  up  in  the  distance,  in  all  directions.  Opposite 
this  station  the  old  “Bradford  Hill”  wagon  road 
to  the  South  Park  comes  down  from  the  north ; 
it  is  of  as  little  utility  now  as  the  stage  coach 
compared  with  the  palace  car  on  the  rail  track. 

From  Bailey’s  it  is  four  miles  to  Slaght’s,  and 
seven  more  to 

Grant.  This  station  is  reached  at  1 : 00  p.  m., 
is  the  end  of  the  Canon  Division,  and  where 
passengers  are  provided  with  a  better  meal 
for  the  money — seventy-five  cents — than  at  any 
railroad  eating  house  in  Colorado.  Most  people, 
when  traveling  have  good  appetites.  We  do, 
and  can  appreciate  a  good  “square”  meal,  and 
are  pleased  to  do  what  we  can  to  encourage  those 
who  are  worthy. 

Several  lodes  of  rich  ore  are  reported  in  the  vi¬ 
cinity,  and  the  station  may  yet  be  as  renowned 
as  its  namesake,  General  G. 

Webster  is  three  miles  from  Grant,  and  sixty- 
nine  from  Denver.  While  this  station  was  the 
“end  of  the  track”  it  was  a  busy  place,  with 
great  expectations.  Stages  leave  here  for  the 
mining  camps  in  Hall  Valley,  Montezuma,  etc. 
See  “Post  Roads”  No.  40. 

Soon  after  leaving  Webster  our  route  curves  to 
the  right,  up  Hall’s  Gulch;  then,  by  looking/ar 
up  the  mountain  side  to  the  left,  we  can  see  the 
roadbed  over  which  we  will  soon  be  traveling  and 
looking  down  to  this  point.  See  next  page. 

Ah  !  the  view  will  be  grand,  particularly  if  the 
sky  be  clear ;  may  be,  a  feeling  of  awe,  wonder  and 
admiration  will  be  inspired ;  and  as  we  proceed 
on,  up,  around  projecting  mountain  spurs,  over 

NEA  Til  NO  KENOSHA  HILL,  SOUTH  PARK  DIVISION  UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY.  (See  page  40.) 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  51 


high  embankments,  through  deep  and  gloomy 
gorges  and  chasms,  may  be,  we  shall  experience 
a  thrill  of  pride,  a  glow  of  exultation,  at  the  en¬ 
gineering  skill  displayed,  and  the  perseverence  of 
our  people  in  overcoming  such  mighty  obstacles 
and  landing  us  safely  on  a  summit — the  highest 
in  this  country  reached  by  a  railroad  and  the  “iron 
horse.” 

Kenosha  Summit  is  10,130  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea — reached  by  a  grade  of  158  feet  to  the 
mile — and  is  seven  miles  from  Webster,  and  sev¬ 
enty-six  miles  from  Denver.  Leaving  the  station 
a  few  miles  brings  our  train  to  the  extreme 
southern  point  of  the  “Kenosha  Hills,”  and  as  it 
curves  away  to  the  west  and  northward  one  of 
the  finest  views  in  America,  if  not  in  the  world, 
is  before  us.  See  page  60.  Here  is  the  valley 
of  the  great  South  Park,  fifty  miles  in  length 
by  ten  in  width,  spread  out  in  all  its  beauty, 
bordered  on  the  east  by  a  heavily-timbered  range 
2,000  feet  above  the  valley,  while  to  the  west,  the 
“Snowy  Range”  extends  as  far  as  the  eye  can 
reach.  In  this  “range,”  in  plain  view,  are  a 
number  of  the  highest  mountain  peaks  in  Colo¬ 
rado,  among  which  are  the  Guyot,  Hamilton, 
Lincoln,  Bross,  Buckskin,  Horseshoe,  and  Silver 
Heels,  that  range  in  altitude  from  13,565  feet  to 
14,296  feet. 

In  this  great  “park”  can  be  seen  the  track  of 
our  road  for  full  forty  miles,  as  it  curves  away 
to  the  southward,  with  its  stations,  the  Platte 
River  and  its  many  tributaries,  ranches  in  every 
direction,  and  numberless  herds,  fairly  rivaling 
the  great  “Valley  of  the  Bagdad,”  of  ancient  story. 

Jefferson,  the  first  station  after  descending  to 
the  “park,”  is  reached  in  four  miles  from  the 
summit. 

The  settlers  in  the  “park”  are  mostly  engaged 
in  mining  for  gold,  silver,  coal  and  other  miner¬ 
als,  putting  up  hay  for  shipment,  or  raising  cat¬ 
tle  and  sheep.  None  are  idle. 

Game,  such  as  deer,  elk,  bear,  mountain  lions, 
grouse,  and  occasionally  mountain  sheep,  are 
plentiful  in  the  “park”  and  vicinity,  while  the 
streams  are  stocked  with  an  abundance  of  the 
finest  trout. 

Rolling  along  down  the  valley,  we  come  to 
Tarryall  Creek,  up  which,  about  two  miles,  is 
Hamilton.  Just  above  the  town  are  the  placer 
mines,  which  made  Tarryall — since  called  Ham¬ 
ilton — a  “booming”  camp  in  1860.  These  pla¬ 
cers  were  short  lived  and  soon  abandoned,  but 
during  1880  they  have  been  re-located  by  com¬ 
panies  who  are  putting  up  hydraulic  works  and 
are  about  to  wash  them  over  again,  with  every 
prospect  of  rich  returns.  The  Breckenridge  Pass 
road  from  Como  is  via  Hamilton,  up  Tarryall 
Creek  and  over  the  “Range,”  as  is  also  the 
branch  railroad  to  Ereckenridge,  now  building. 
Distance,  twenty-one  miles. 

Como  is  reached  in  eight  miles  from  Jefferson, 
and  is  destined  to  be  a  place  of  some  importance. 
Extensive  coal  mines,  of  good  coking  quality, 


are  located  a  short  distance  east  of  the  town,  and 
with  the  Breckenridge  branch  above  alluded  to 
completed,  together  with  placer  and  quartz  mines 
near  by,  Como  will  become  quite  a  business 
point.  See  “  Post  Roads  ”  Nos.  20  and  41. 

Leaving  Como,  the  view  obtained  of  the  moun¬ 
tain  ranges  for  the  next  twelve  miles  is  very 
fine ;  and  as  the  train  winds  around  in  and  out 
of  the  fingers  thrust  out  from  the  mouutain 
giants,  on  each  side,  they  present  scenes  of  ever- 
changing  beauty,  never  to  be  forgotten. 

Red  Hill  is  five  miles  from  Como,  and  nine 
miles  from  Arthur’s,  and  two  miles  more  brings 
us  to 

Garo’s,  situated  on  a  branch  of  the  South 
Platte  River,  104  miles  from  Denver,  at  the  junc¬ 
tion  of  the  Fairplay  Branch  of  the  South  Park 
Division  Union  Pacific  Railway.  See  “ Cities , 
Toivns,”  etc.;  also  “Post  Roads ”  Nos.  38,  42  and 
44. 

Leaving  Garo,  the  park  widens,  and  after  cross¬ 
ing  several  little  tributaries  of  the  Platte,  Mill 
and  High  Creeks,  we  pass  the  deserted  town  of 
Weston,  two  miles  distant. 

For  six  months  Weston  was  a  busy  place,  with 
a  population,  mostly  “  floating,  ”  of  several 
thousand.  It  was  the  “  End  of  the  track  ”  from 
whence  stages,  passengers,  mails,  express,  and 
all  freight  for  Leadville,  turned  ^westward  over 
the  “Rockies,”  via  Weston  Pass,  elevation  11,- 
800  feet,  and  a  villainous  “  Pass  “  it  was. 

Six  miles  beyond  Weston  is  Platte  River,  a 
side  track  station,  -situated  on  the  main  River  of 
that  name,  surrounded  by  marshy  grounds .  and 
lakes  of  salt  water.  A  few  miles  beyond,  on  the 
left,  are  located  the  first  and  only  salt  works  in 
Colorado.  When  these  works  were  erected,  in 
1864,  all  the  salt  used  in  this  whole  western  coun¬ 
try  •  had  to  be  freighted  in  wagons  from  the 


HYDRAULIC  MINING. 


52  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Missouri  River,  700  miles,  at  a  cost,  for  freight 
alone,  of  from  four  to  twenty  cents  per  pound. 

When  the  springs,  near  the  works  were  dis¬ 
covered,  they  were  thought  to  be  very  valuable, 
and  no  little  contention  arose  as  to  the  title. 
However,  these  claims  were  settled,  and  the 
business  of  salt  making  commenced,  and  soon 
became  very  profitable.  When,  as  is  too  often 
the  case  in  the  west,  litigation  commenced  be¬ 
tween  the  owners,  followed  by  injunction  after 
injunction,  until  both  parties  were  impoverished. 
Meantime  the  railroads  were  advancing  day  by 
day,  which  meant  cheap  salt.  The  lawyers  com¬ 
menced  their  work  in  1866,  and  succeeded  in 
closing  the  works  in  April,  1868,  since  which 
time  they  have  remained  closed.  We  hear  that 
the  case  has  recently  been  decided,  now  that  the 
works  are  valueless,  the  litigants  plucked,  and 
the  railroads  have  destroyed  the  rich  prospects. 
Moral :  If  you  have  a  good  business  look  out  for 
and  keep  out  of  the  lawyers  hands.  They  are 
good  fellows ;  but  are  always  hunting  a  fat  “  grub 
stake.” 

Passing  on  by  all  these  old  remembrances,  our 
train  commences  to  climb  the  world  up  to  the  ' 

Summit,  or  Trout  Creek  Pass,  altitude  9,410 
feet.  Here  the  waters  divide,  on  one  side  they 
enter  the  Platte  and  the  other  side  the  Arkansas 
Rivers.  From  this  station  we  fairly  fall  away  to 
the  valley  of  the  Arkansas,  or  about  2,000  feet  in 
the  next  twenty-three  miles. 

From  the  Summit  we  obtain  the  first  view  of 
the  great  Sawatcli  Range,  which  separate  the 
Gunnison  and  San  Juan  country,  from  the  valley 
of  the  Arkansas.*  Across  these  mountains  we 
must  pass,  in  about  a  southwest  direction  from 
this  station.  Two  miles  from  the  Summit  is  a 
little  station  called  Divide,  and  about  one  mile 
below,  by  keeping  a  sharp  lookout  on  the  right 
can  be  seen  the  largest  and  finest  spring  of  cold 
water  in  the  State.  It  is  the  head  of  Trout 
Creek,  and  fairly  pours  out  beneath  a  high  cliff, 
close  to  the  roadside.  Just  below,  on  the  left 
side,  are  several  other  springs,  but  not  so  large. 
From  these  springs,  down  the  creek,  “ speckled 
beauties ”  are  very  abundant ;  those  fond  of  fine 
trout  can  find  them  here.  Five  miles  from 
Divide  is  Trout  City,  but  the  station  is  called 

McGee’s.  The  railroad  company  have  a  good 
station  building,  telegraph  office  and  the  sur¬ 
roundings  are  inviting.  Game  is  abundant  in 
the  hills,  and  trout  in  the  creek,  all  then,  that  is 
wanted,  after  “  bagging  game,”  is  a  good  cook 
and  a  good  appetite,  which  last  you  are  pretty 
sure  to  have,  if  you  catch  the  game. 

After  rolling  down  the  creek  for  six  miles,  we 
reach  the  valley  of  and  cross  the  Arkansas  River, 
from  which  point  it  is  three  miles  to 

Buena  Yista,  distance  from  Denver  135  miles, 
Malta  thirty-one  miles,  and  Leadville  depot 
thirty-seven  miles.  From  Nathrop,  seven  miles 
south  of  Buena  Yista,  the  trains  of  the  South 
Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway  and  the 


Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railways  run  over  a  joint 
track.  See  Tour  Six.  Also  from  Nathrop,  west 
to  Alpine,  twelve  miles.  See  “  Cities,  Towns,  ” 
etc.;  also  “  Post  Hoads”  No.  61. 

From  Buena  Vista  our  route  to  the  Gunnison 
and  San  Juan  country,  is  down  the  west  bank  of 
the  Arkansas  River  seven  miles,  to 

Nathrop.  From  this  “  junction”  the  road 
turns  directly  west,  up  Chalk  Creek  five  miles,  to 
Haywood  Springs,  one  mile  further  toHoRTENSE. 
At  both  of  the  last  named  stations  are  situated 
hot  springs,  of  which,  more  hereafter. 

From  Hortense  it  is  four  miles  to 

Alpine.  From  a  short  distance  west  of  Nath¬ 
rop  the  road  is  built  along  the  creek,  with  high 
bluff  i  on  both  sides ;  the  distance  between  the 
bluffs  lias  been  gradually  narrowing,  until  above 
Hortense,  the  contraction  takes  the  shape  of  a 
mountain  gorge,  and  well  it  may,  as  Mt.  Princ- 
ton  rises  from  the  water’s  edge  on  the  north,  to 
an  attitude  of  14,199  feet,  while  on  the  south  and 
directly  opposite,  towers  Mt.  Antero  14,245  feet, 
Avhile  beyond,  only  a  short  distance,  is  Mt. 
Sliavano,  14,239  feet. 

Forest  City  and  St.  Elmo  is  reached  four 
miles  above  Alpine,  where  are  located  mineral 
veins  of  great  prospective  value. 

Continuing  up  the  canon  six  miles  is 

Hancock,  a  thrifty  town,  two  miles  from  the 
eastern  end  of  the  great  Alpine  Tunnel.  This 
tunnel  is  1,830  feet  in  length,  fourteen  feet  in 
width  and  seventeen  feet  in  height ;  elevation 
11,500  feet.  From  the  eastern  entrance  of  the 
tunnel  to  Pitkin,  the  distance  is  ten  miles.  At 
this  time,  January  1st,  1881,  the  work  has  so 
far  advanced  that  it  is  confidently  expected  the 
cars  will  run  into  Pitkin  by  June  1st,  1881, 
and  to  Gunnison  City  July  1st,  1881.  Distances 
from  Hancock  to  Pitkin  twelve  miles,  to  Gunnison 
City  thirty-nine  miles,  to  Gothic  or  Crested  Buttes 
seventy-three  miles,  Lake  City  ninety-five  miles. 

See  “  Cities,  Towns,”  etc.;  also  “  Post  Iloads” 
No.  64. 

As  railroads  advance,  stage  lines  correspond¬ 
ingly  shorten,  always  being  found  at  the  “  end 
of  the  track.”  In  this  age  of  rapid  progress,  a 
guide-book  correct  to-day  is  not  correct  to-mor¬ 
row  ;  these  facts  should  be  borne  in  mind  by  the 
critic,  and  due  allowance  made.  An  instance: 
the  3d  of  August,  1880,  we  rested  over  night 
with  two  prospectors,  in  a  lone  log  cabin,  the 
prospectors  claimed  to  have  “  just  struck  it 
rich,”  and  would  visit  Gunnison  City  next  day  to 
buy  “  grub  ;”  time  passed,  and  Oct.  20tli,  chanc¬ 
ing  again  over  the  same  route,  what  did  we  be¬ 
hold  ?  The  lone  log  cabin  was  the  “  recorders” 
office  of  a  new  mining  district,  where  732  claims 
had  been  recorded.  There  was  eighty-four  new 
buildings,  including  hotels,  stores,  and  private 
residences,  and  over  500  inhabitants  ;  and  a  town 
had  been  laid  out,  smelting  works  in  progress  of 
construction,  and  a  daily  newspaper  contem¬ 
plated.  All  within  less  than  three  months. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


53 


GEN.  W.  J.  PALMER, 

PRESIDENT  DENVER  &  RIO  GRANDE  RAILWAY. 


TOUR  NUMBER  SIX. 

THE  DENVER  &  RIO  GRANDE  RAILWAY,  VIA  PUEBLO, 
TO  LEADVILLE,  ETC. 

This  road  is  often  called  “the  biggest  little  rail¬ 
road  in  the  world.”  It  is  certainly  the  pioneer 
three-foot  narrow  gauge  passenger  and  freight 
railroad  in  the  world. 

The  company  was  chartered  in  1868 ;  work  of 
grading  commenced  March,  1871,  and  the  first 
train  reached  Colora  do  Springs  October  27tli  of 
the  same  year ;  distance,  seventy-six  miles. 
June  15th,  1872,  the  road  was  completed  to 
Pueblo,  forty-four  miles  further  south.  The 
branch  to  Canon  City,  forty  miles,  was  com¬ 
pleted  in  July,  1874,  and  the  main  line,  via  Cu- 
cliaras  to  El  Moro,  eighty-six  miles  south  of 
Pueblo,  in  April,  1876.  Work  was  commenced 
in  May,  1876,  on  the  line  from  Cucharas,  via 
Yeta  Pass,  and  completed  to  Garland,  226  miles 
from  Denver,  August  6th,  1877,  and  on  to  Ala¬ 
mosa,  on  the  Rio  Grande  River,  twenty-four 
miles  further,  in  1878.  Total  mileage  at  the  end 
of  that  year,  338  miles.  The  following  year,  1879, 
the  “Colorado  Railroad  War”  retarded  building, 
yet  the  line  through  the  Royal  Gorge  of  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  was  progressing,  and  finally  accrued  to 
the  Rio  Grande  Company,  which  pushed  it  rap¬ 
idly  toward  Leadville,  where  it  arrived  in  the 


spring  of  1880.  Distance  from  Pueblo,  158 
miles ;  from  Denver,  278  miles.  During  1879, 
and  up  to  December,  1880,  this  company  com¬ 
pleted  as  follows  :  From  Canon  City  to  Leadville, 
119  miles ;  from  Leadville  to  Kokomo,  twenty- 
two  miles ;  from  Colorado  Springs  to  Manitou, 
five  miles ;  from  South  Arkansas  to  Maysville, 
twelve  miles ;  from  Canon  City  to  Silver  Cliff, 
thirty-one  miles  ;  from  Alamosa  to  Camas  River, 
ninety-three  miles ;  from  San  Antonio  to  Cali- 
e^ta,  fifty-six  miles.  Total  completed  to  date, 
638- miles.  Besides,  extensions  and  branch  lines 
are  now  in  active  course  of  construction  from 
Leadville  to  Red  Cliff,  Kokomo  to  Brecken- 
ridge,  Poncho  Springs  to  Gunnison  City,  Cali- 
enta  to  Santa  Fe,  Camas,  via  Durango,  to  Sil- 
verton,  besides  a  gang  of  workmen  on  the  South 
Fork  of  the  South  Platte  River,  Platte  Canon, 
going  to — you  tell! — we  can’t  find  out.  Without 
doubt,  the  end  of  the  year  1881  will  find  the 
Rio  Grande  Company  with  over  1,000  miles  of 
road  in  operation,  and  half  as  much  more  under 
contract. 

The  vigor  and  apparent  audacity  of  the  Den¬ 
ver  A  Rio  Grande  Railway  Company  in  grasp¬ 
ing  for  “  everything  in  sight  ”  in  Colorado,  is 
surprising  to  many  people,  both  in  and  out  of 
the  State,  but  it  should  not  be,  when  it  is  borne 
in  mind  that  the  persons  who  direct  the  affairs 
of  the  Company  are  old  pioneers,  have  seen  the 
progress  of  this  western  country  from  its  in- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  55 


fancy,  are  progressive,  far-reaching  and  saga¬ 
cious,  and  withal,  possess  the  necessary  means, 
confidence  and  courage  to  win  success.  They 
have  won  it,  and  all  fair-minded  Coloradoans  are 
proud  to  acknowledge  that  fact. 

Two  express  trains  leave  Denver  daily,  from 
the  company’s  depot,  in  West  Denver.  Each 
are  provided  with  Pullman  drawing-room  sleeping 
cars  and  Horton  reclining  chair  cars,  and  all  the 
modern  equipments  of  a  first-class  road. 

The  Leadvilie  Express  leaves  at  7  : 50  a.  m.  ; 
arrives  in  Leadville  at  11  p.  m.  The  Gunnison 
Express  leavesvat  7  : 15  p.  m.  ;  arrives  at  South 
Arkansas  by  6:29  a.  m.,  and  Leadville  by  10:10 
a.  m.  Tourists  take  the  morning  train. 

“Ale  Aboard  !”  is  again  the  command,  and 
our  train  moves  southward.  About  two  miles 
from  the  city  we  pass,  on  the  right,  the  extensive 
machine  and  repair  shops  of  the  Rio  Grande 
Company.  Soon  we  reach  the  open  country  and 
the  high  prairie,  where  most  beautiful  views  of 
the  Rocky  M'ountains  can  be  obtained.  “Pike’s 
Peak’*  is  directly  ahead  of  the  train.  To  the 
right,  beyond  the  Platte  River,  is  a  strip  of  roll¬ 
ing  prairie  fifteen  miles  in  width,  laying  along 
the  base  of  the  mountain,  while  on  the  left  ex¬ 
tend  the  prairies  apparently  limitless  in  extent. 

Petersburg,  where  trains  stop  only  on  signal, 
is  eight  miles  from  Denver,  near  the  point  where 
'gold  was  first  discovered  along  the  Platte  River 
in  1859.  The  gold  was  fine  and  difficult  to  save 
by  the  methods  then  in  use,  and  the  “diggings” 
were  abandoned.  Two  miles  farther,  and  ten 
miles  from  Denver,  and  our  train  stops  at 

Littleton,  a  place  of  some  pretensions,  sitting 
astride  the  Platte  River  with  a  railroad  station 
on  each  side.  It  aspires  to  become  a  suburban 
home  for  business  men  of  Denver,  and  it  could 
certainly  be  made  a  very  beautiful  place,  as  it 
has  many  natural  advantages. 

Passing  on,  the  bluffs  and  ravines  seem  grad¬ 
ually  to  close  in  on  our  left,  and  we  roll  through 
numerous  cuts,  cross  the  canal  that  supplies 
Denver  with  water,  pass  Acequia,  a  signal  sta¬ 
tion  and  arrive  at 

Plum,  twenty-four  miles  from  Denver,  oppo¬ 
site  Platte  Canon. 

Our  course  is  now  to  the  southeast,  up  Plum 
Creek,  which  we  shall  follow  for  twenty-five 
miles.  This  is  a  rough,  uncultivated,  ragged 
country,  but  well  adapted  to  stock-raising,  for 
which  purpose  it  is  mostly  occupied. 

Five  miles  from  Plum,  on  the  right,  is  the 
site  of  the  old  Fisher  saw-mill  of  1859,  the  first 
in  Colorado.  Opposite  this  mill,  comes  down 
the  “Plum  Creek  Divide”  wagon-road.  This  old 
road  left  the  railroad  six  miles  south  of  Denver, 
on  the  Platte,  and  turned  up  over  the  ridge  via 
the  “Pretty  Woman’s  Ranche,”  of  1860-3,  which 
was  situated  at  a  spring  on  the  southern  slope  of 
the  divide,  five  miles  distant. 

Continuing  along  up  the  valley,  eight  miles 
from  Plum,  and  thirty-two  miles  from  Denver,  is 


Castle  Rock,  so  named  for  a  huge  castellated 
rock  that  stands  away  up  on  the  apex  of  a  spur 
of  the  “divide”  that  here  projects  out  into  the 
valley  to  the  westward,  as  though  to  bar  our  fur¬ 
ther  progress.  There  is  quite  a  settlement  at 
this  place,  many  of  whom  are  engaged  in  .the 
stone  quarries  near,  and  others  in  stock-raising. 
See  “ Post  Roads,”  Nos.  33  and  34.  Three  miles 
from  Castle  Rock  is  the  small  station  of  Doug¬ 
lass,  where  are  more  stone  quarries  ;  then  three 
miles  to  Glade,  five  miles  fo  Larkspur,  and  four 
miles  more  to 

Greenland. — This  station  is  opposite  the  up¬ 
per  portion  of  Spring  Valley,  five  miles  to  the 
east  on  the  head  waters  of  Cherry  Creek.  See 
uPost  Roads,”  No.  35. 

Spring  Valley  is  a  lovely  little  valley  about 
six  miles  long,  and  a  half-mile  wide,  first  settled 
in  1860,  completely  overrun  by  the  Indians  in 
1864,  and  some  of  the  settlers  killed;  and  lias 
been  raided  by  Indians,  at  various  times  since. 

Leaving  Greenland,  the  train  climbs  up  the  “di¬ 
vide”  on  a  heavy  grade ;  the  air  is  pure  and 
clear,  the  country  is  rough  and  broken,  with  here 
and  there  a  little  opening ;  the  huge  mountains 
rise  high  on  the  right,  but  their  base  is  five  miles 
away,  and  the  long  timber-marked  water- shed 
that  divides  the  waters  of  the  Platte  from  the 
Arkansas  valley,  stretches  away  to  the  east,  to 
Cedar  Point,  distant  seventy-five  miles,  as  noted 
in  Tour  Four. 

Divide  is  reached  five  miles  from  Greenland, 
and  fifty-two  miles  from  Denver.  The  post- 
office  name  of  this  place  is  Weissport.  The  sta¬ 
tion  is  on  the  shore  of  Palmer  s  Lake,  where 


ItOCK  cones— garden  of  the  gods. 


56  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


great  quantities  of  ice  are  procured  in  winter  for 
the  use  of  the  railroad  company.  Altitude,  7,288 
feet,  2,141  feet  higher  than  the  city  of  Denver, 
2,525  feet  higher  than  Pueblo. 

A  few  miles  both  to  the  north  and  south  of  the 
divide,  high  up  the  mountain  side,  can  be  seen 
long,  rocky,  castellated  ridges  of  white,  brown, 
and  red  stone,  standing  forth,  hundreds  of  feet 
in  height,  like  huge  sentinels,  continually  on 
guard. 

Before  reaching  the  station,  when  looking 
ahead,  the  prospect  for  getting  over  the  “divide” 
was  apparently  hopeless,  but  remembering  that 
it  was  this  company  that  built  their  road  over 
the  Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains,  we  are  con¬ 
vinced  that,  with  them,  “  all  things  are  possible” 
(in  railroad  building).  In  proof  of  this  we  climb 
to  the  summit,  turn  to  the  left,  from  a  sharp  in¬ 
terlocking  mountain  spur ;  and  roll  down  toward 
the  great  Arkansas  Yalley. 

The  course  is  now  more  to  the  eastward,  with 
the  Valley  of  Monument  and  Monument  Creek 
on  the  right. 

Monument  Station  is  reached  four  miles  south 
of  the  summit,  where  there  is  quite  a  settlement 
of  agriculturists,  stock,  and  lumbermen.  The 
village  is  near  the  site  of  the  “Dirty  Woman’s 
Ranche,”  of  1860.  See  “ Post  Roads”  No.  36. 

Leaving  Monument,  an  occasional  glimpse  of 
“Pike’s  Peak”  can  be  had ;  cattle  and  sheep  are 
numerous,  and  a  few  fields  and  gardens  appear. 
Occasionally  on  the  right  we  catch  a  glimpse  of 
some  of  those  peculiar  rocks,  which  rise  up  in 
places,  in  this  vicinity,  on  the  sides  of  the  hills, 
to  the  height  of  from  twenty  to  fifty  feet. 
They  are  round,  and  from  three  to  ten  feet  in  di¬ 
ameter,  surmounted  with  a  cap,  in  one  case  re¬ 
sembling  a  Spanish  sombrero.  They  are  called 
by  various  names,  but  by  the  general  name  of 
“Monuments,”  from  which  this  valley  and  creek 
derive  their  names. 

Borst  is  two  miles  from  Monument,  and  Hus- 
ted’s  is  four  miles  from  Borst,  beyond  which  we 
come  to  some  timber,  and  a  rugged,  bluffy,  and 
wild  country.  Edgerton,  where  are  piles  of 
lumber  indicating  saw-mills  near,  is  reached  five 
miles  south  of  Husted’s,  and  eight  miles  more  to 

Colorado  Springs. — Population,  4,274,  seven¬ 
ty-five  miles  south  of  Denver,  forty-five  miles 
from  Pueblo,  and  five  miles  from  Manitou.  See 
illustration,  also,  description  under  “  Cities, 
Towns,  Etc.,”  also  “ Post  Roads ”  Nos.  37  and  43. 

Colorado  Springs  has  become  quite  noted  as  a 
summer  resort ;  the  magnificent  mountain  views, 
the  mineral  springs,  Garden  of  the  Gods,  petri¬ 
fied  stumps,  Monuments,  Cheyenne  Canon,  and 
rambles  over  the  mountains,  even  to  the  summit 
of  the  towering  Pike’s  Peak  are  all  reached 
with  convenience.  All  these  scenes  and  objects 
are  of  surpassing  interest,  while  the  climate  and 
exercise  bring  health  and  vigor  to  the  system. 

The  Manitou  Branch  of  the  D.  &  R.  G.  extends 
to  Manitou,  five  miles  distant,  over  which  trains 


run  in  connection  with  all  passenger  trains  on 
the  main  line.  On  these  trains  are  to  be  found 
the  Horton  reclining  chair  car,  as  well  as  the 
most  complete  equipments  of  a  first-class  road. 
Fare,  twenty-five  cents. 

Manitou  is  situated  at  the  base  of  Pike’s  Peak, 
on  the  Fountain  Qui  Bouille ;  a  small  stream 
formed  from  springs  and  melted  snows  around 
the  base  and  upon  the  summit  of  the  mountains, 
supplies  the  town  with  water,  and  is  also  used 
for  irrigating  purposes,  for  many  miles  below; 
it  is-  also  on  the  Ute  Pass  Wagon  Road  to  the 
South  Park.  For  description  see  “ Cities ,  Towns,” 
etc.;  also  “  Post  Roads”  No.  38. 

Half  a  mile  south  of  Colorado  Springs  we  come 
to  F ountain  Qui  Bouille  Creek,  where  our  course 
changes  to  the  eastward,  and  follows  along  down 
its  northern  bank.  In  places  the  bluffs  are  close 
on  our  left — and  then  some  well-cultivated  fields 
appear  on  either  hand. 

The  old  Military  Wagon  Road — via  Jim’s 
Camp — Squirrel  Creek  Divide,  Russellville  on 
Cherry  Creek,  to  Denver — branches  off  to  the 
north,  just  before  reaching  the  next  station, 
which  is  eight  miles,  called 

Widefield,  a  signal  station,  as  is  also  Foun¬ 
tain,  four  miles  further.  Here  the  sage 
brush  land  shows  the  effects  of  irrigation.  The 
town  is  a  few  hundred  yards  to  our  right,  con¬ 
tains  about  thirty  places  of  business  and  resi¬ 
dences,  situated  on  an  elevated  table-land,  most 
of  which  is  under  cultivation.  Between  the  rail¬ 
road  and  the  mountains  on  the  west,  is  spread 
out  as  fine  grazing  land  as  there  is  in  the  State, 
extending  southward  100  miles  along  the  eastern 
base  of  the  mountains,  and  from  five  to  fifteen 
miles  in  width.  The  old  wagon  road  from 
Colorado  City  runs  along  the  foot  of  these 
mountains  to  Canon  City,  twenty-five  miles  dis¬ 
tant. 

Continuing  down,  the  sand-bluffs  close  in  on 
the  left,  our  train  rolls  down  on  to  the  creek 
bottom,  where  the  cottonwoods  and  willows  are 
very  dense,  and  after  crossing  the  creek,  stops  at 

Little  Buttes.  Near  this  station,  Little 
Fountain  Creek  comes  in  from  the  west,  upon 
which  is  some  fine  farming  land,  which  produces 
abundant  crops — never  failing  a  cro'p. 

The  country  for  the  next  twenty  miles  is  not 
much  improved,  as  it  cannot  be  depended  upon 
for  crops  without  irrigation,  and  as  water  is  not 
to  be  had,  unless  wells  are  dug  and  wind  mills 
used  for  elevating  the  water,  it  will  doubtless  re¬ 
main  as  it  is — a  stock  range. 

From  Little  Buttes  it  is  eleven  miles  to  Pinon, 
six  miles  to  Cactus,  and  five  miles  more  to  North 
Pueblo  ;  all  are  signal  stations,  where  passenger 
trains  seldom  stop. 

On  the  east  side  of  the  Fountain  is  situated 
East  Pueblo,  reached  by  a  bridge  on  our  left. 

From  North  Pueblo  station,  our  route  is  along 
the  creek,  through  deep  cuts  made  through  a 
round  butte — that  seems  to  rise  up  in  our  way — 


CROFUTT'  8  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


THE  SCENIC  LINE  OF  AMERICA,- 


Til  Bf  1111  4  RIO  GRANDE  RAILWAY, 

With  its  numerous  branches  and  extensions  penetrating  all  sections  of  Colorado  and  northern  New 
Mexico,  forms  the  greatest  system  of  Narrow  Gauge  Railway  in  the  world,  and  affords  Tourists. 
Invalids,  and  Business  Travel 

THE  BEST,  AND  IN  MANY  INSTANCES  THE  ONLY  ROUTE 

To  the  leading  Health  and  Pleasure  Resorts  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  to  the  Richest  Mining  Re¬ 
gions  and  most  Important  Cities  of  the  Mid-Continent. 


FOR  BUSINESS  :  «j| 

. W'M . 


DENVER,  COLORADO  SPRINGS,  PUEBLO, 

Canon  City,  South  Arkansas,  Alpine,  Buena  Yista,  Leadville,  Kokomo,  Red 
Cliff,  Gunnison  City,  Silver  Cliff,  El  Moro,  Alamosa,  Antonito, 
Durango,  Silverton,  Taos,  Espanola,  Santa  Fe, 
and  the  marvelous  San  Juan  and 
Gunnison  Countries. 


FOR  HEALTH  AND  PLEASURE  : 


Manitou,  Garden  of  the  Gods,  Pike’s  Peak,  Royal  Gorge,  Poncho  Springs,  Brown’s  Canon,  Cotton¬ 
wood  Springs,  Twin  Lakes,  Yeta  Pass,  Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  Toltec  Gorge,  Phantom 
Curve,  Los  Pinos  Valley,  Pagosa  Springs,  Ojo  Caliente,  Comanche 
Canon,  Cave  Dwellings,  Aztec  Ruins,  &c. 

-^THE  MOUNTAIN  SCENERY^- 

Of  this  Line  is  unequaled  in  variety  and  grandeur  by  that  of  any  other  railway  on  either  hemisphere, 
and  the  hotels  at  the  attractive  points  are  the  best  west  of  the  Missouri  River. 

Two  daily  Express  Trains,  equipped  with  Pullman  Palace  Sleepers,  Horton  Reclining  Chair  Cars, 
Elegant  Regular  Coaches,  Model  Open  Observation  Cars,  Westinghouse  Air-Brakes,  and  running 
over  Steel  Rails,  Iron  Bridges  and  Rock  Ballast,  insure  the  highest  type  of  rapid,  safe,  and  lux¬ 
urious  railway  travel. 

The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  with  its  eastern  connections  at  Pueblo  and  Denver,  forms 
the  shortest  route  by  many  miles,  and  the  quickest  by  over  ten  hours’  time,  between  all  points 
East,  and  the  interior  of  Colorado. 

NEARLY  800  MILES  IN  OPERATION,  AND  THE  ONLY  LINE  UNDER  COLORADO  MANAGEMENT, 


D.  C.  DODGE, 

General  Manager. 


DENVER,  COLO. 


F.  C.  NTMS, 

General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent. 


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CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Edwin  H.  Hiller,  Late  with  I  (  Nelson  Hallock,  Vice  Pres't 

Colo.  Nat'l  Bank,  Denver,  j  (  IstNat’l  Bank,  Leadville. 


Capital,  8200,000.  Surplus,  $150,000. 

—THE-* — 

First  National  Bank?  Denver. 


UNITED  STATES  DEPOSITORY. 


D.  H.  MOFFAT,  Jr.,  President  G.  W.  KASSLER,  Cashier, 
H.  A.  W.  TABOR,  Vice  Pres’t.  T.G.  LYSTER,  Ass’t  Cash. 


TENTS, 


Wagon  Covers, 

ORE  SACKS. 


Morrison,  VanVliet  d  Co. 

402  Holladay  Street. 


bi 


ir®. 

OF- 


-BY- 


W.  H.  JACKSON,  Denver,  Col. 

A  full  line  of  Views  of  all  sizes,  up  to  18x22  inches,  of  the 
scenery  of  Colorado,  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  Yellow¬ 
stone  National  Park,  and  all  points  of  interest  throughout 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region. 


WAGONS,  BUGGIES,  CARRIAGES. 

EVERYTHING  ON  WHEEL?. 

FARM,  FREIGHT  AND  TRANSFER  WAGONS, 

PLATFORM  AND  THREE-SPRING  WAGONS, 

BUCK-BOARDS,  Buggies,  Carriages,  Coaches,  &c. 
FOR  SALE  BY 

W.  D.  Suydam  &  Co. 

All  kinds  of  work  manufactured  to  order.  Everything  war¬ 
ranted.  Carriage  Painting,  Trimming  and 
Repairing  a  specialty. 

Repository  and  Shops,  cor.  I  5th  and  Wewatta  Sts.,  Denver. 


^-DENVER’S  LEADING  MUSEUM.* 

G.  L.  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

No.  286  16th  Street,  Tribune  Block, 

THE  MOST  INTERESTING  COLLECTION  OF 

HOME  AND  FOREIGN  CURIOSITIES 

IN  THE  WEST. 


ALL  GOODS  IN  STOCK  FOR  SALE. 


F.  W.  CROCKER, 

lotovabo  r  a-oft  e  z  (Vo- 


c) 


Nos.  488  and  490  Blake  Street, 

DENVER,  COL. 


F.  R.  EASTMAN  &  CO., 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Fine 

HATS  AND  CAPS 

Straw.Goods,  GLOVES,  Etc. 

274  I  5  \h  8 1  r  eel'  Toe  I  0J>|ice  DcToolY', 

DENVER,  COL. 


W.  G.  M.  Stone. 


STONE  &  CO., 


Bookseller*  *  and  *  Stationer*. 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  VIEWS, 


No.  372  Larimer  Street,  Denver,  Col. 


CITY  LAUNDRY, 

553  BLAKE  ST. 

THE  LARGEST  STEAM  LAUNDRY  IN  COLORADO, 


Office  at  T.  S.  Clayton’s  Hat  Store,  No. 

264  I  5th  St. 

J£gr*  Orders  received  by  Te’eplione. 

J.  N.  AMMEN  &  CO.,  Prop’rs. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  57 


cross  the  track  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
Fe  Railroad,  and  the  Arkansas  River,  and  a  run 
from  the  last  station  of  three  miles  brings  the 
train  to 

South  Pueblo.  This  is  a  regular  eating  sta¬ 
tion,  where  meals  cost  seventy-live  cents. 

The  Leadville  Express — our  train — arrives 
here,  from  Denver,  by  1 :  35  p.  m.,  where  con¬ 
nections  are  made  with  trains  for  the  west,  east 
and  south,  which  leave  half  an  hour  afterwards. 

The  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad 
j  connects  Pueblo  with  the  east,  and  also  has  a 
|  branch  westward  to  the  coal  banks,  thirty-eight 
miles  distant. 

That  route  will  be  our  Tour  Number  Eight. 

|  See  “  Cities,  Towns,”  etc.;  also  “  Post  Roads” 

I  Nos.  47,  48. 

Population  of  Pueblo  and  South  Pueblo  is 
4,760.  The  business  of  the  city  is,  to  a  great  ex¬ 
tent,  connected  with  the  mining  business  to  the 
:  west  and  south — San  Juan,  Leadville  and  the 
Cimarron  regions.  Agriculture — along  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  River  and  the  adjacent  streams — is  very 
profitable,  as  the  yield  per  acre  of  all  kinds  of 
small  grains  and  vegetables,  is  abundant ;  but 
j  above  all  others,  stock-raising  is  the  most  exten- 
;  sive.  As  a  range  for  cattle  and  sheep,  Pueblo 
and  the  adjoining  counties,  with  the  mild  win¬ 
ters,  light  snow  fall,  and  rich  and  nutritious 
bunch  grass  are  considered  par  excellence. 

The  fine  water  power  available,  the  broad,  fer¬ 
tile  plains  and  productive  uplands,  on  which 
roam  vast  herds  of  sheep,  point  to  the  probable 
fact  that  woolen  manufactories  will  soon  be  es¬ 
tablished  here.  There  is  certainly  a  fine  oppor¬ 
tunity  and  a  home  market. 

At  Pueblo  our  train  turns  directly  west,  leav¬ 
ing  at  2:05  p.  m.,  and  follows  along  up  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Arkansas  River,  where  the 
country  traversed  is  almost  wholly  used  for  graz¬ 
ing  purposes.  The  track  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  Fe  coal  road  runs  parallel  with  the  Rio 
Grande,  crossing  it  several  times,  a  distance  of 
about  thirty  miles,  where  it  turns  southward  to 
their  coal  banks. 

The  stations  on  the  Rio  Grande,  above  Pueblo, 
Goodnight,  four  miles ;  Meadows,  five  miles ; 
Swallows,  five  miles ;  Carlisle  Spring,  six 
miles ;  Beaver  Creek,  three  miles';  Labran,  nine 
miles ;  and  Coal  Junction,  one  mile ;  making 
thirty-two  miles  from  Pueblo.  At  this  “junc¬ 
tion”  a  track  branches  off  to  the  coal  banks,  two 
miles  distant,  while  the  main  track — our  track — 
continues  on  eight  miles  to 

Canon  City,  distance  from  Pueblo  forty  miles, 
from  Denver  161  miles,  and  from  Leadville  117 
miles. 

The  first  settlement  was  made  at  Canon  City 
in  the  summer  of  1859,  and  in  1860-1  some  good 
stone  buildings  were  erected,  and  a  great  amount 
of  freight  from  the  Missouri  River,  destined  for 
Tarryall,  California  Gulch  and  the  Blue,  came 
up  the  “  Arkansas  Route,”  and  went  into  the 


mountains,  via  Canon  City.  Then  it  was  that 
prospects  were  bright  for  a  big  city  at  Canon, 
and  corner  lots  advanced,  but  the  mines,  being 
all  “  placer  mines”  at  that  time,  became  worked 
out,  and  Canon  declined ;  but  since  the  arrival  of 
the  iron  horse,  it  has  much  improved. 

Canon  is  the  county  seat  of  Fremont  county, 
situated  at  the  very  gate  of  the  mountains,  in  a 
lovely  and  productive  little  valley,  and  possesses 
some  of  the  most  attractive  scenery  in  Colorado. 
From  this  city  it  is  about  twelve  miles  to  the 
“  Royal  Gorge”  of  the  Arkansas,  the  walls  of 
which  rise  from  the  river,  in  places,  perpendicu¬ 
lar  2,000  feet,  between  which  rolls  the  Arkansas 
River.  To  visit  the  “  Royal  Gorge”  and  the  mag¬ 
nificent  scenery  adjoining,  one  should  sojourn  at 
Canon  City,  secure  suitable  conveyance,  and 
leisurely  explore  the  country,  visit  the  hot 
springs,  etc.  See  “  Post  Roads”  Nos.  43,  44, 
45  and  46. 

Again  our  train  moves — this  time  with  an  Ob¬ 
servation  Car  attached  to  the  end — secure  a  seat 
and  prepare  to  “  do  ”  the  “  Royal  Gorge”  or  Grand 
Canon  of  the  Arkansas. 

At  the  foot  of  the  cliffs,  just  above  the  town — 
that  large  stone  building — is  the  State  Peniten¬ 
tiary,  and  a  little  further  the  soda  springs,  over 
which  is  erected  a  little  round,  rustic  arbor. 
Soon  after  leaving  Canon  City  we  come  to  a 
bridge,  on  the  left,  spanning  the  river.  It  is 
here  the  road  to  Silver  Cliff  branches  off,  and 
follows  up  Grape  Creek.  At  this  time,  December 
1st,  1880,  the  road  is  nearly  completed,  and  will 
he  fully  before  our  “  Grip-Sack”  sees  day  light. 
The  distance,  by  rail,  from  Canon  to  Silver 
Cliff  is  about  thirty-one  miles,  and  connec¬ 
tions  will  be  made  at  Canon  with  all  regular 
trains. 

A  short  distance  above  the  bridge  is  the  mouth 
of  the  Grand  Canon.  Are  you  looking  for  a 
description?  We  cannot  describe  it!  No  pen 
ever  has,  and  none  ever  can  describe  the  grand- 
ure  of  this  canon.  You  see  and  'feel  what  no 
tongue  can  express  or  pen  can  portray.  Come 
yourself!  Imagine,  if  you  will,  a  lofty,  unbroken 
mountain  range,  towering  3,000  feet  above  the 
plains,  imprisoning  above  great  lakes  of  water, 
and  that  by  some  great  convulsion  in  nature  or 
by  the  hand  of  the  Great  Maker,  this  mountain 
was  suddenly  slashed  from  summit  to  base,  as 
though  by  some  jagged  instrument,  leaving  a 
fearful  chasm,  narrow,  deep  and  gloomy.  Down 
this  gorge  rushed  the  accumulated  waters  of 
ages,  which,  together  with  the  erosion  of  cen¬ 
turies,  have  weathered  the  soft  corners  and 
washed  away  much  of  the  loose  materials,  leav¬ 
ing  rocks,  rocks  of  every  shape,  form  and  dimen¬ 
sions,  rocks  with  huge  domes,  towers  and  pini- 
cles,  sharp  corners  and  hollow  recesses;  rocks 
over  2,000  feet  in  height — standing  perpendicu¬ 
lar — with  projecting  spurs,  almost  locking  and 
inter-locking  from  opposite  sides.  We  say,  im¬ 
agine  all  these  things,  and  you  will  then  only 


58  CROFUTT  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


ROYAL  GORGE  OF  THE  ARKANSAS. 

have  a  faint  conception  of  the  “Royal  Gorge”  of 
the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas. 

So  narrow  was  this  canon,  in  places,  that  the 
road  bed  had  to  be  suspended  over  the  river,  an 
illustration  of  which  will  be  found  above. 

Currant  Creek  is  the  first  station  after  leav¬ 
ing  Canon  City,  but  there  is  little  of  interest 
here,  unless  a  fine  locality  to  hunt  and  fish  is 
desired,  as  the  country  bordering  Currant  Creek, 
on  the  right,  is  fairly  swarming  with  game,  as  is 
also  the  creek  with  trout.  Passing  up  the  river, 


the  scenery,  is  ever  changing  as  we  pass  a 
number  of  small  stations,  where  trains  stop 
only  on  signal,  they  are :  Spike  Buck,  five 
miles  ;  Texas  Creek,  ten  miles  ;  Vallie,  thir¬ 
teen  miles ;  Howards,  six  miles ;  Badger,  two 
miles ;  Cleora,  eight  miles ;  and  two  miles 
more  to 

South  Arkansas,  where  we  arrive  at  7:10 
p.  m.,  217  miles  from  Denver,  and  sixty-one 
miles  from  Leadville.  This  is  a  supper  sta¬ 
tion,  both  going  up  and  coming  down  by  this 
train.  Here  the  trains  meet  and  eat  for  sev¬ 
enty-five  cents  a  meal.  The  house  is  called 
“  Gray’s  Hotel,”  kept  by  the  jolly  Captain 
himself.  This  new  town  is  a  prosperous 
place,  from  which  in  1880  an  immense  amount 
of  freight,  destined  for  the  Gunnison  and  San 
Juan  countries  was  forwarded  on  wagons,  and 
thousands  of  passengers  left  on  the  daily 
coaches  for  the  same  destination.  It  is  from 
this  point  where  the  Gunnison  extension  of 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway  branches 
off  to  the  westward,  via  Poncho  Pass.  At 
the  time  we* write,  December,  1880,  the  road 
is  completed  to  Poncho  Springs,  six  miles, 
and  contracts  are  let,  and  work  is  progressing 
along  the  whole  line  to  Gunnison  City,  sixty- 
seven  miles  distant.  See  “Post  Roads”  No.  79. 

From  South  Arkansas,  Poncho  Pass,  alti¬ 
tude  8,945  feet,  is  in  a  southwest  direction, 
about  twelve  miles  distant ;  Marshall  Pass 
is  seven  miles  further,  via  Poncho  Pass,  alti¬ 
tude  10,852  feet ;  Monarch  Pass  is  directly 
west,  distance  about  twenty-three  miles,  alti¬ 
tude  10,800  feet.  The  valley  above  the  town 
widens  to  about  six  miles,  and  is  principally 
occupied  for  grazing  cattle  and  sheep. 

Eight  miles  beyond  South  Arkansas  is  a 
signal  station  called  Brown’s  Canon,  from 
which  it  is  ten  miles  to 

Natiirop.  This  station  is  at  the  junction  of 
the  South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way,  main  line  leading  westward,  via  Alpine 
to  the  Gunnison  country,  as  described  in  Tour 
Number  Five.  The  track  is  used  jointly  with 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  both  companies 
running  trains  to  the  “  end  of  the  track.” 
From  Natiirop  it  is  seven  miles  to 
Buena  Yista.  See  description  under  “Cit¬ 
ies,  Towns,”  etc. ;  also  “ Post  Roads”  No.  64. 

Both  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  and  the 
South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway 
Companies  run  over  a  joint  track  to  Leadville, 
thirty-seven  miles. 

The  town  of  Buena  Yista  is  situated  on  Cotton¬ 
wood  Creek,  just  above  its  junction  with  the 
Arkansas  River,  surrounded  with  a  forest  of  pine 
and  cedar  trees.  Boulders  of  all  sizes  are  scat¬ 
tered  over  the  town — through  streets  and  alleys — 
in  great  profusion,  and,  strange  to  say,  the  dogs 
and  cats  all  know  it,  and  look  a  le-tle-out  all  the 
time.  Six  miles  west  from  Buena  Vista  are 
located  the  Celebrated  Cottonwood  Hot  Springs, 


THE  SOUTH  PARK  FROM  KENOSHA  HILL.  (See  page  52.) 


60  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


connected  by  a  daily  hack  line.  Fare  $1.00,  or 
$1.50  for  the  “round  trip.” 

The  country,  as  we  proceed,  is  rough,  broken 
and  covered  with  scrub  pines  and  cedars. 
Directly  west,  that  highest  peak  is  Mt.  Yale,  al¬ 
titude  14,187  feet. 

Seven  miles  north,  opposite  Riverside  station, 
is  Mt.  Harvard,  altitude  14,374  feet.  From 
Riverside  it  is  six  miles  to  Pine  Creek,  and  three 
more  to 

Granite.  This  place  was  a  mining  camp  in 
1859-60 — at  which  time  there  were  thousands  of 
miners  working  the  placer  claims  above  and  be¬ 
low  the  town — and  on  Clear  Creek,  a  small 
stream  coming  down  from  the  west,  opposite  the 
station.  Some  work  is  yet  being  done  on  Clear 
Creek,  but  the  present  reliance  of  the  citizens  is 
quartz  mining  and  stock-raising.  La  Plata  Peak 
is  opposite  the  place  to  the  westward ;  altitude 
14,311  feet. 

Hayden  is  a  small  station  further  north.  Op¬ 
posite,  to  the  westward  four  miles,  are  located 
Twin  Lakes,  one  of  the  most  charming  summer 
resorts  in  Colorado,  beyond,  Mount  Elbert  rises 
to  an  altitude  of  14,351  feet.  This  region  is  the 
hunters’  and  fisherman’s  paradise. 

Malta  is  reached  in  eight  miles,  through  a  more 
grassy,  open  country,  which,  as  we  near  the  town, 
is  many  miles  in  width  ;  stretching  away  to  the 
base  of  Massive  Mountain ;  altitude  14,298  feet. 

The  Eagle  River  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  commences  at  this  place,  and  the  track 
is  graded  nearly  to  Red  Cliff,  twenty-six  miles,  at 
which  place  the  cars  will  probably  be  running  be¬ 
fore  this  book  is  published,  or  early  in  the  spring 
of  1881. 

Geographically,  as  well  as  the  disposition  of 
the  management  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Company,  it  would  seem  to  indicate  that  Malta  is 
to  be  a  point  in  this  section  of  the  country,  where 
the  machine,  repair  and  car  shops  of  the  railroad 
companies  of  the  present  and  future,  are  to  be 
located,  and  the  citizens  are  holding  their  “cor¬ 
ner  lots”  accordingly. 

At  Malta,  California  Gulch  comes  down  from 
the  east.  This  ’’gulch”  was  one  of  the  most  no¬ 
ted  in  Colorado,  in  1860-2,  during  which  years 
the  placers  yielded  nearly  $5,000,000,  after  which 
they  were  abandoned.  Since  the  great  discoveries 
of  carbonates,  the  old  camp,  near  the  head  of 
the  “diggings,”  has  been  christened  Leadville. 
Companies  have  recently  been  organized,  these 
old  claims  re-located,  and  preparations  are  per¬ 
fecting  to  work  over  the  ground  by  hydraulic  pro¬ 
cess  ;  but  the  scarcity  mf  water  is  a  great  draw¬ 
back.  Following  up  this  “gulch”  it  is  not  quite 
three  miles  to  Leadville  ;  by  the  railroad  it  is  over 
five  miles,  as  the  route  makes  a  half-circle,  and 
comes  into  the  city  on  the  extreme  north  side, 
half  a  mile  from  the  business  center. 

Leadville  is  distant  from  Denver,  south  of 
west,  278^-  miles  via  Pueblo,  and  171^  miles  via 
South  Park. 


Leadville  is  one  of  those  extraordinary  produc¬ 
tions,  peculiar  to  a  mining  country ;  one  of  those 
places  that  from  a  lone  cabin,  becomes  a  village 
in  a  night,  a  town  in  a  week,  a  city  in  a  month, 
and  a  “booming”  metropolis  the  first  year.  With 
numberless  old  prospectors,  miners,  railroads, 
stages,  bull- whackers,  pilgrims,  capitalists,  gam¬ 
blers,  thieves,  and  soiled  doves,  directing  their 
course  to  reach  the  new  El  Dorado,  with  all  pos¬ 
sible  dispatch ;  such  was  Leadville  the  first  year. 
The  city  in  following  years  had  its  rough  times ; 
its  ups  and  downs ;  but  at  the  close  of  1880,  no 
city  in  America  is  better  governed ;  none  where 
life  and  prosperity  are  more  secure,  and  none 
more  permanently  prosperous.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  cosmopolitan  cities ;  here  meet  and  jostle 
the  people  of  nearly  every  land  and  clime,  the 
rich  and  the  poor,  the  miser  and  the  spendthrift, 
the  scholar  and  the  fool,  the  preacher  and  the 
bawd,  the  morose  and  the  jolly,  the  look  of  all 
seems  to  say;  “We  are  here  for  dollars,  not  for 
health.”  The  old  saw,  “It  is  not  birth,  nor  wealth, 
nor  state ;  it’s  git  up  and  git,  that  makes  men 
great,”  should  read,  as  applied  to  Leadville’s 
most  successful  men :  It  is  not  birth,  nor  brain, 
nor  wit;  it's  “ grub-stake ”  luck  that  took  the  bit. 

To  the  east  of  the  city  are  to  be  seen  Horse¬ 
shoe,  Sacramento  and  Goat’s  Peaks,  ranging  in 
altitude  from  13,996  feet,  to  14,132  feet.  Mos¬ 
quito  Pass  is  north-east ;  distance,  thirteen  miles ; 
height,  13,300  feet. 

The  Kokomo  Branch  runs  north  from  the  depot 
in  Leadville,  up  the  east  fork  of  the  Arkansas, 
via  Tabor  City,  to  Kokomo ;  distance,  twenty 
miles.  The  scenery  on  this  road  is  very  grand. 
At  the  point  where  the  road  crosses  the  divide 
between  the  waters  of  the  Arkansas  and  Ten- 
Mile,  to  the  right  rise  Fletcher  and  Buckskin 
Peaks ;  the  former  on  the  north  side  to  an  altitude 
*of  14,269  feet,  and  the  latter  on  the  south  side, 
altitude  14,296  feet. 

Kokomo — See  Cities  and  Towns,  etc.,  also  Post 
Roads  Nos.  13,  14  and  23. 


TOUR  NUMBER  SEVEN. 

t 

DENVER  &  RIO  GRANDE  RAILWAY  VIA  PUEBLO,  ALA¬ 
MOSA,  ETC. 

The  route,  train,  and  description  from  Denver 
to  Pueblo,  120  miles,  are  the  same  as  in  the  last 
tour,  number  six. 

Leaving  Pueblo  our  train  runs  along  the  side, 
and  gradually  climbs  the  bluffs,  which  skirt  the 
river  bottom,  to  a  broad  prairie  above.  To  the 
north  and  east  the  broad  plains  seem  limitless ; 
to  the  south  rise,  in  plain  view,  the  “Spanish 
Peaks,”  seventy  miles  away;  to  the  westward  is 
the  Greenhorn  Range,  twenty-four  miles  to  their 
base.  Swinging  around  the  circle  more  to  the 
northward,  we  have  the  city  of  South  Pueblo,  sit¬ 
uated  on  the  edge  of  this  great  plateau,  overlook- 


i  62  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


ing  the  depot  we  have  just  left,  and  the  surround¬ 
ing  country.  See  }J(l0e  di.  Soon  after  reach¬ 
ing  the  high  land,  we  pass  on  the  left,  the  Steel 
Works,  now  building,  which  the  knowing  ones 
connected  with  the  enterprise,  say,  will  be  the 
largest  and  most  complete  in  America ;  if  it  is  not 
it  will  not  be  for  want  of  building  room.  The 
iron  ore  to  be  used  in  these  works  will  be  taken 
from  the  company’s  mine,  situated  five  miles 
from  Placer  Station,  on  this  road,  ninety-two 
miles  south  of  Pueblo.  The  ore  is  said  to  be 
mined  almost  pure,  and  of  the  best  quality  for 
the  manufacture  of  steel. 

San  Carlos,  the  first  station  on  the  hills,  is  sit¬ 
uated  on  St.  Charles  Creek,  nine  miles  from  Pu¬ 
eblo;  Greenhorn  station  comes  next,  in  four 
miles ;  Salt  Creek  in  seven  miles,  and  six  miles 
further 

Graneros.  In  reaching  this  place  we  have 
crossed  the  Greenhorn  River  and  several  small 
streams,  much  of  the  time  in  view  of  the  Great 
Valley  of  the  Greenhorn  River,  to  the  westward, 
beyond  which  rise  the  Greenhorn  Mountains. 
This  section  of  Colorado,  and,  in  fact,  the  coun¬ 
try  east  of  the  mountains,  for  a  long  distance,  is 
devoted  to  agriculture  and  stock-raising.  The 
article  on  the  latter,  in  tour  number  three,  in¬ 
cludes  this  whole  region. 

Huerfano,  pronounced  Warf-a-no,  is  the  next 
station  from  Graneros,  ten  miles  distant,  after 
which  we  cross  the  Huerfano  River,  and  a  bluffy, 
high,  undulating  prairie  for  thirteen  miles,  and 
reach  the  junction  of  El  Moro  Branch,  at 

Cucharas,  pronounced  Q-charr-us.  This  sta¬ 
tion  is  forty-nine  miles  south  of  Pueblo,  169  miles 
from  Denver,  thirty-seven  miles  to  El  Moro,  and 
110  miles  from  San  Antonio. 

*  Let  us  “change  cars”  run  over  the  road  to  El 
Moro,  and  note  the  results. 

Crossing  the  Cucharas  River,  and  on  over  a 
broad  prairie,  with  the  Spanish  Peaks  close  on 
our  right,  a  distance  of  ten  miles  brings  us  to  the 
side  track  of  Santa  Clara,  situated  on  the  creek 
of  that  name.  Apishapa,  a  station  on  the  Apish- 
apa  River,  comes  next,  nine  miles ;  Chicosa,  is 
nine  miles  more,  from  which  station  it  is  ten 
miles  to 

El  Moro,  the  end  of  the  passenger  track ;  a 
coal  track  extends  six  miles  further,  to  the  coal 
hanks.  Cattle,  sheep  and  coal  are  the  staple  pro¬ 
ductions  of  this  town.  The  Railroad  Company, 
by  another  name,  has  extensive  coal  mines  south¬ 
east  of  the  station,  and  about  two  miles  south 
are  200  coking  ovens  in  operation  continuously, 
and  then  the  demands  so  much  exceed  the  supply 
that  100  more  are  being  erected. 

Prof.  Gardner,  of  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey,  made  a  number  of  careful  experiments 
with  this  coal  in  1875,  and  as  a  result  of  his  tests 
in  reverberatory  furnaces,  he  says  : 

“In  a  few  minutes  both  furnaces  were  envel¬ 
oped  in  a  sheet  of  burning  gases,  that  went  roar¬ 
ing  up  the  flues.  Heat  became  so  intense  that 


the  ores  had  to  he  pulled  back  to  the  chimneys, 
for  that  left  near  the  bridge  melted  down  and  ran 
like  water.  The  flame  and  great  heating  power 
were  now  too  evident  to  be  mistaken.” 

El  Moro  is  eighty-six  miles  from  Pueblo,  206 
from  Denver,  615  from  Kansas  City,  and  227 
miles  from  Santa  F e,  situated  on  the  Purgatoire, 
or  Las  Animas,  or  “Picketwire”  River,  five  miles 
east  of  Trinidad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
hack  line. 

The  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad 
passes  through  the  town  but  does  not  stop.  See 
Tour  8. 

Returning  to  Cucharas,  “change  cars,”  and  we 
are  off  again,  this  time  up  the  west  hank  of  the 
Cucharas  River. 

Walsenburg  is  the  first  station,  six  miles  from 
Cucharas.  It  is  tastefully  laid  out,  having  been 
settled  by  a  colony  of  Germans,  who  are  engaged 
in  agriculture  and  stock-raising.  See  “ Post  Roads”  ’ 
No.  54. 

From  this  the  grade  will  he  heavy,  until  we 
reach  the  summit  of  the  mountain. 

In  passing  along  up  the  creek,  it  will  be  no¬ 
ticed  that  nearly  all  the  settlers  are  Mexicans  or 
Spanish,  and  they  observe  all  the  old  customs  of 
Spanish  countries,  particularly  in  their  cultiva¬ 
tion  of  the  soil.  They  ignore  the  usual  imple¬ 
ments  of  husbandry  to  a  great  extent.  They 
tickle  the  ground  with  a  wooden  plow  ;  cut  their 
grain  with  hand  knives  ;  thresh  it  out  with  goats, 
clean  in  the  wind  by  dropping  it  to  the  ground 
from  an  elevated  position  when  the  wind  is  blow¬ 
ing.  Then  when  the  grain  is  gathered  and  cleaned 
it  is  pounded  to  a  powder  between  large  flat 
stones.  Goats  and  sheep  are  their  stock  in  trade. 
Their  houses  are  of  adobe,  or,  at  best,  logs,  and 
the  number  of  children  is  only  equaled  by  the 
number  of  dogs  ;  but  all  seem  happy,  and  we  are 
inclined  to  say  with  the  poet : 

“Rustic  ease  and  true  content 
Are  in  this  valley  sweetly  blent— 

And  comfort  smiles,  and  plenty  reigns ; 

Here  peace  has  undisturbed  domains; 

And  here  a  rural,  peaceful  race 
Has  found  a  fair  abiding  place ; 

Its  homes  and  plazas,  simple,  rude, 

The  walls  of  stately  pine  trees  hewed, 

Or  rough  adobes,  crudely  piled. 

The  roofs  with  “dirt”  securely  tiled, 

Are  primitive  and  cool  and  warm, 

Secure  against  the  winter’s  storm, 

And  ’gainst  the  sun’s  devouring  rays 
When  with  the  summer’s  heat  ablaze.” 

That  will  do ! 

Wahatoya  is  the  next  station,  six  miles  from 
Walsens,  and  a  very  appropriate  name,  it  is. 

To  the  left,  after  leaving  the’  station,  a  beauti¬ 
ful  view  can  be  had  of  the  Spanish  Peaks.  The 
altitude  of  the  east  peak  is  12,720  feet ;  that  of 
the  west  peak  is  18,620  feet.  Continuing  a  little 
farther,  we  have  a  fine  view  of  Yeta  Mountains 
on  the  right,  and  the  Sangre  de  Christo  directly 
ahead.  From  the  last  station  it  is  eight  miles  to 

La  Yeta — Elevation  6,970  feet. 


CROFUTT'S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  63 


At  La  Yeta  all  extra  cars  are  left  behind,  an 
extra  locomotive  is  added,  and  the  train  starts 
out  on  an  average  grade  of  211  feet  to  the  mile, 
for  twenty-one  and  a  half  miles.  In  some  places 
the  grade  is  much  higher,  hut  the  passenger  need 
not  fear,  as  the  road  is  well  built,  the  ties  are 
close  together  and  double-spiked — the  engines 
and  cars  first-class,  while  the  road-bed  is  blasted 
from  tlie  mountain  side,  making  it  as  solid  as  the 
everlasting  hills  upon  which  it  rests. 

Leaving  La  Yeta,  our  course  is  almost  due 
j  west,  winding  up  Middle  Creek,  and  then  on  to  a 
high  plateau  and  up  Veta  Creek.  The  old  San- 
gre  de  Christo  stage  road  can  be  seen  on  the  left, 
soon  after  leaving  the  station,  where  it  winds 
around  the  side  of  the  mountain.  Continuing 
on  up  the  creek,  eight  miles  from  the  station,  we 
arrive  at 

Ojo — At  this  side-track,  by  looking  directly 
ahead,  away  up  on  the  top  of  a  round,  fiat- 
topped  mountain — called  “Dump”  Mountain,  ap¬ 
parently  some  great  fortress — can  be  seen  a  lone 
tree  in  the  center.  Now,  noticing  the  long,  red¬ 
dish  line  encircling  that  mountain  near  its  top. 

I  Do  you  see  it  ?  That  is  our  road,  and  there,  in 


CROSSING  THE  SANGRE  DE  CHRISTO  MOUNTAINS. 


front  of  that  low  tree,  we  will  be  in  half  an  hour, 
looking  down  at  this  station. 

Again  we  proceed.  Look !  on  your  right,  away 
up — there  !  That  peak  is  Yeta  Mountain,  11,512 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Up  !  up  we  go  ! 
Keep  your  eye  to  the  left  now !  See  !  away  up 
the  mountain — there  is  the  road — can  our  train 
ever  get  there  ?  We  are  turning  gradually,  the 
little  valley  is  becoming  a  mountain  gorge,  nar¬ 
row,  dark  and  gloomy.  We  are  climbing  up  to 
the  Mule  Shoe.  We  are  there  ;  and  having  run 
up  on  one  side  of  the  “Shoe,”  we  will  now  turn 
to  the  left  and  roll  around  on  the  toe  of  the 
shoe  on  the  other  side  of  the  gorge.  We  are 
climbing  the  world — higher  and  higher.  Now 
look  down  on  the  left,  what  a  beautiful  scene ! 
and  the  higher  we  go  the  grander  the  view. 
Ah !  here  we  are  at  the  point  of  the  moun¬ 
tain.  Now  look  away  down  that  little,  nar-  I 
row  valley,  and  see  little  Ojo  station,  where  we 
stood  only  a  few  minutes  ago,  and  looked  up- 
looked  at  the  tree  first — then  located  our  present 
position. 

Now  stop  a  moment  and  take  a  look  around. 
“Old  Yeta”  just  to  the  north — across  the  chasm, 
has  “come  down  a  peg“ — is  not  near  as  high! 
The  Spanish  Peaks,  too,  look  low — in  fact  they 
are  “beneath  our  notice.”  A  lady  says:  “0!  0 
my !  the  air  is  so  light  and  pure.” 

A  general  survey  of  the  surroundings  from  this 
point  results  as  follows :  To  the  eastward- 
down  the  little  valley,  is  Ojo ;  further,  La  Yeta ; 
a  little  to  the  right,  the  Spanish  Peaks  ;  then  a 
sweep  around  to  the  left  a  little,  the  broad  plains, 
stretching  away  in  the  dim  haze  of  the  distance 
— to  the  north — at  our  feet — an  awful  chasm, 
740  feet  in  depth ;  beyond  rises  Veta  Mountain, 
which  bars  our  vision.  To  the  westward  an  oc¬ 
casional  mountain  peak  peeps  out  above  the 
growth  of  pines  in  the  foreground,  while  all 
around  us  are  pine  and  spruce  in  the  ravines, 
and  away  up  the  mountain  to  the  “timber  line, 
usually  about  10,000  feet,  above  which  they 
stand  uncovered,  before  their  Maker — except, 
possibly,  by  a  mantle  of  purity — the  frost  of 
winter. 

But  we  have  not  had  a  look  to  the  south,  and 
must  climb  higher. 

Our  course  is  now  to  the  right,  and  follows 
around  the  mountain  to  the  south — up,  around 
the  head  of  a  deep  ravine,  to  the  left ;  up  again, 
we  curve  around  the  head  of  another,  and  then 
another— ever  upward — but  the  chasms  and  ra¬ 
vines  are  decreasing.  Another  turn,  and  we  are 
at  the 

Summit  of  Yeta  Pass — 9,339  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea ;  1,097  feet  higher  than  Sherman 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad— the  third  in 
height  in  the  world. 

This  station  is  situated  in  a  grove  of  timber 
which  obstructs  the  view,  to  a  great  extent ;  but 
those  who  have  the  time  and  inclination  to  stop 
a  while,  could  walk  along  the  summit  to  the  east- 


64  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


ward,  about  one  mile  distant — to  a  point  where 
the  most  extended,  and  best  views  can  be  ob¬ 
tained. 

The  canon  up  which  our  train  came,  to  the 
turn  of  the  Mule  Shoe,  is  called  Abata  C.anon, 
and  the  old  wagon  road  which  we  crossed  over 
on  a  bridge,  at  the  curve,  was  the  “Abata  &  San- 
gre  de  Christo”  toll  road. 

The  illustration  on  page  63  shows  our  train  in 
Abata  Canon,  going  up  to  the  Mule  Shoe  from  Ojo 
and  then  curving  around  and  nearing  the  summit 
of  “Dump”  Mountain. 

Leaving  the  Summit,  our  train  will  descend  on 
the  south  for  seven  miles,  on  as  heavy  grade  as 
when  climbing  up  the  northern  slope.  On  the 
route  down  there  is  little  of  interest ;  there  are 
several  saw  mills,  and  timber  on  each  side  of 
Sangre  de  Christo  Creek — down  which  our  train 
rolls — passing  Sangre  de  Christo  side-track, 
two  miles  from  the  Summit;  and  five  miles 
further  arrives  at 

Placer — The  best  meal  station  on  the  road, 
price,  seventy-five  cents.  George  W.  Morton  is 
the  caterer ;  and  we  love  to  encourage  him  in  his 
laudable  enterprise. 

Soon  after  leaving  Placer,  Mts.  Blanca  and 
Baldy — can  be  seen  rising  heavenwards — the 
former  to  the  highest  altitude  in  Colorado.  Boll¬ 
ing  down  this  narrow  valley — we  emerge  to  light 
and  beauty — catch  a  glimps  of  the  broad  plains 
of  the  San  Luis  Valley — and  stop  at  . 

Fort  Garland — Thirteen  miles  from  Placer, 
twenty-four  miles  from  Alamosa,  and  226  miles 
from  Denver.  The  “Fort” — without  fortifica¬ 
tions — is  occupied  with  a  small  number  of 
soldiers — and  the  usual  appendages.  See  Post 
Roads  No.  55. 


FORT  GARLAND. 


Leaving  Garland,  a  straight  and  continuous 
run  of  twenty-two  miles  brings  us  to  the  bridge 
over  the  Bio  Grande  Del  Norte.  The  views  have 
been  very  grand.  Immediately  on  our  right  is 
Mt.  Blanca — the  highest  mountain  peak  in  the 
Bocky  Mountain  Bange.  It  rises  14,483  feet 
above  sea  level,  and  6,504  feet  above  our  railroad 
track.  Just  north  of  Blanca,  an  attendant  on 
his  highness,  is  Baldy,  with  an  altitude  of  14,176 
feet.  On  the  south  and  west  sides  these  moun¬ 
tain  peaks  rise  from  the  plains  without  the  usual 
foothills ;  not  so  to  the  east.  To  the  north  the 
range  extends  for  many  miles,  then  turns  to  the 
northwest,  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach.  This 
range  is  known  as  the  Sangre  de  Christo  and  is 
about  twenty  miles  in  width,  separating  the  val¬ 
leys  of  Wet  Mountain,  on  the  east;  and  San 
Luis  Valley  on  the  west.  It  is  cut  up  from  base 
to  summit  into  innumerable  gulches  and  ravines, 
more  or  less  timbered  and  abounds  in  game  of 
all  the  different  kinds  found  in  Colorado,  except¬ 
ing  only  the  antelope. 

San  Luis  Park  or  valley,  is  near  eighty  miles 
in  length ;  in  a  general  north  and  south  direc¬ 
tion  ;  varying  in  width  of  from  ten  to  fifty  miles, 
bordered  on  the  west  by  the  lofty  range  of  the 
San  Juan  Mountains.  The  eastern  portion  of  this 
valley,  north  of  the  railroad,  receives  the  waters 
of  numberless  springs  and  mountain  streams, 
away  up  to  the  Cochetopa  Hills  and  Poncho 
Pass,  but  has  no  outlet ;  like  the  great  basins  in 
Utah  and  Nevada,  the  waters  sink.  Again,  the 
central  portion  alluded  to  above,  like  the  central 
portions  of  the  great  basins  of  Nevada  and  Utah  ' 
is  valueless,  while  the  outer  edge  or  near  the  ! 
springs  and  streams  where  water  can  be  had  for  ! 
irrigation,  abundant  crops  are  raised. 

Along  the  Bio  Grande,  Bio  la  Jara, 

Carnero,  Upper  San  Luis,  Bio  Culebra  ana  Bio 
Conejo’s,  the  soil  is  rich  and  very  productive, 
and  the  country  well  settled  and  cultivated ;  but 
here  again,  irrigation  is  necessary  to  insure  a 
good  crop.  There  is  only  a  very  small  fraction 
of  this  portion  of  the  park  valueless  with  irriga¬ 
tion,  and  not  by  any  means  is  it  that  portion 
covered  with  sage  brush  and  grease  wood,  as  one 
writer  has  stated.  It  has  been  thoroughly 
demonstrated  in  Colorado,  that  lands  producing 
sage  and  grease-wood  in  profusion;  will,  with 
water  and  proper  cultivation,  produce  all  kinds 
of  crops  in  abundance.  It  is  a  mistaken  idea  that 
many  have,  that  good  crops  can  be  grown  only  on 
black  soil,  muck.  Some  of  the  most  productive 
farms  in  Colorado  to-day,  were  once  covered  with 
sage  brush  and  grease  wood;  and  this  soil  is 
composed  of  clay,  gravel,  fine  sandy  loam  and 
mountain  washings.  At  this  time,  millions  of 
acres  of  what,  with  water  would  be  the  best  crop- 
raising  lands  in  Colorado,  are  called  valueless, 
except  as  a  range  for  cattle,  sheep,  etc.  Par¬ 
ticularly  is  this  so  in  the  San  Luis  Park,  and 
will  remain  so  until  some  extensive  system  of 
canals  and  irrigating  ditches  are  constructed  to 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  65 

I  bring  the  water  from  the  Eio  Grande,  or  by  sink¬ 
ing  artesian  wells  secure  the  needed  supply. 

Stock-raising  is  the  principal  industry  in  the 
San  Luis  Park  at  this  time.  Cattle,  sheep  and 
horses  graze  at  will,  over  the  greater  portion. 

Crossing  the  bridge,  we  are  soon  at 

Alamosa.  This  is  a  live  western  town,  from 
which  stages  and  an  enormous  amount  of  mer¬ 
chandise,  machinery,  etc.,  start  north  daily  for 
the  Sdn  Juan  and  Gunnison  country.  See  Post 
Roads  Nos.  62,  76,  77,  78.  Alamosa  is  situated 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  almost  in 
the  center  of  San  Luis  Park.  To  the  south, 
twenty-three  miles  distant,  is  the  town  of 
Manassa,  settled  by  Josephite  Mormons ;  there 
are  over  one  hundred  families,  all  agricultural¬ 
ists  ;  do  not  practice  polygamy,  and  are  very 
prosperous,  good,  law-abiding  citizens.  These 
people  have  secured  a  large  tract  of  land,  and 
will  soon*  commence  building  a  canal  from  the 
Rio  Grande,  to  carry  the  water  all  over  it  for 
irrigating  and  other  purposes. 

Leaving  Alamosa,  our  course  is  west  of  south, 
fourteen  miles,  and  we  cross  the  Rio  la  Jara, 
from  which  it  is  fifteen  miles  to 

San  Antonio,  situated  on  San  Antonio  River, 
about  fourteen  miles  west  of  the  Rio  Grande,  and 
one  mile  south  of  Conejos. 

The  New  Mexican  Extension  of  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  branches  off  at  this  station, 
south,  and  is  completed  and  cars  running  to 
Baranca,  sixty-six  miles  distant.  The  stations 
!  are  Mountain  Siding,  Heads,  Aguajai,  Tres  Pie- 
dras,  Servilleta,  Calienta,  and  Baranca  ;  distance 
from  “end  of  the  track”  to  Santa  Fe,  fifty-one 
j  miles.  This  branch  is  being  extended  gradually, 
and  probably  will  reach  Santa  Fe  early  in  1881, 
and^Wtiqurque  during  the  year. 

Gone jos,  the  county  seat  of  Conejos  county,  is 
one  mile  north  of  San  Antonio,  reached  by  hourly 
hacks  ;  fare,  twenty-five  cents. 

The  San  Juan  Extension  commences  at  San 
Antonio,  and  its  general  direction  is  due  west, 
but  the  track  runs  literally  to  all  points  of  the 
compass  within  the  first  twenty-five  miles.  Dur¬ 
ing  the  construction  of  this  part  of  the  road,  we 
rode  over  it  on  the  top  of  a  box-car,  in  company 
with  many  laborers  and  a  few  “pilgrims, “  when 
one  of  the  latter  declared  “this  road  is  almost  as 
crooked  as  his  Satanic  Majesty’s.”  One  of  the 
employes  near,  heard  the  remark,  and  probably 
thinking  it  rather  disparaging  to  the  road — that  it 
was  not  up  to  the  standard  of  progress — answered, 
while  casting  a  withering  look  of  pity  on  the 
speaker  :  “Is  that  all  ye  know  about  railroading? 
The  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  can  bate  all  the  Majes¬ 
ties  in  the  world,  the  Divel,  too  ;  and  his  uncles, 
and  his  aunts.”  The  fact  was  at  once  conceded. 

Leaving  San  Antonio  and  the  beautiful  San 
Luis  Bark,  our  course  is  westward,  directly  fur 
the  distant  mountains.  For  many  miles  the  low, 
gradually  rising  foot-hills  are  covered  with  grass, 
scattering  pines,  groves  of  cedars,  and  masses  of 

5 

volcanic  rocks.  Our  train  curves  around  these 
gentle  slopes  and  flowery  vales,  looking  down 
upon  the  park,  the  valley  of  the  Grand, San  An¬ 
tonio  and  Pinos,  affording  views  more  romantic 
than  tales  of  fairy  realms.  For  twenty  miles  we 
keep  in  sight  of  the  plains  and  catch  frequent 
glimses  of  distant  hamlets,  while  our  train  con¬ 
tinues  winding  around  the  brows  of  hills,  seem¬ 
ing,  in  mere  wantonness,  as  loth  to  get  beyond 
the  view  of  so  beautiful  a  region.  At  one  point, 
called  the  “Three-Ply,”  our  train  is  going  west, 
soon  north,  then  east,  then  again  north,  and,  fin¬ 
ally,  back  again  to  the  west.  How  bewildering !  On 
examination,  three  tracks  are  discovered  running 
parallel  with  each  other,  like  the  letter  3 ;  but 
each  track,  far  above  the  other,  and  only  a  short 
distance  apart.  While  wondering,  almost  imper¬ 
ceptibly,  the  foot-hills  change  into  mountains 
and  the  valleys  deepen  into  canons,  and  as  the 
train  winds  around  the  point  of  one  of  the  moun¬ 
tains,  suddenly,  like  the  change  in  a  kaleide- 
scope,  we  are  overlooking  the  beautiful  and  pic¬ 
turesque  valley  of  Los  Pinos  Creek,  a  thousand 
feet  below.  The  view  from  this  point  is  most 
grand.  Beyond  the  valley  to  the  south  rise  the 
mountains,  timbered  in  places,  in  others  covered 
with  a  mantle  of  evergreens,  bespangled  with  beds 
of  flowers  of  every  tint  and  hue ;  to  the  east  the 
great  round  dome  of  San  Antonio  Mountain  ;  be¬ 
yond,  San  Luis  Valley,  with  its  green  and  gold; 
still  farther  and  to  the  left  Mount  Blanca,  and  the 
Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains.  Take  a  long  look, 
for  it  will  be  the  last. 

Proceeding  north,  and  west,  and  south,  and 
west  again,  and  we  are  far  up  on  the  side  of  a 
rugged  canon,  beside  which  the  mountains  rise 
to  a  towering  height,  throwing  out  great  rocky 
ribs,  as  though  to  bar  our  further  progress.  The 
valley  is  crowded  out,  and  the  rugged  surround¬ 
ings  are  grand  and  exciting ;  at  times  in  a  tun¬ 
nel,  then  on  the  edge  of  frightful  precipices,  be¬ 
neath  castellated  heights,  and  natural  monu¬ 
ments  ;  following  around  the  head  of  yawning 
chasms,  with  an  occasional  ray  of  sun-light  sift¬ 
ing  through  the  overhanging  crags.  These  are 
portions  of  the  scenery  of  Toltec  Canon,  before 
reaching  Toltec  Tunnel,  thirty-five  miles  from 
San  Antonio,  and  812  miles  from  Denver. 

The  first  two  stations  after  leaving  San  An¬ 
tonio,  “down  on  the  bills”  are  side-tracks,  for 
ties,  lumber  and  passing  trains.  The  next  is  1 
Boydville,  where  rustic  but  substantial  meals 
are  served  for  fifty  cents  ;  then  comes  Los  Pinos, 
seven  miles  west  of  Boydville,  and  two  miles 
more  brings  our  train  to  the  eastern  entrance  of 

Toltec  Tunnel.  At  this  point  the  canon  nar¬ 
rows  to  a  frightful  gorge,  the  granite  walls  rising 
to  nearly  1,000  feet  above  the  roaring  waters,  and 
apparently  only  a  few  feet  apart. 

Looking  down  the  canon  from  the  eastern  en¬ 
trance  of  the  tunnel,  the  view  is  charming.  The 
lofty  precipices,  the  castellated  summits,  the  dis¬ 
tant  heights,  the  fantastic  monuments,  the  con- 

CEOFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


trast  of  the  ragged  crags,  and 
the  graceful  curves  of  the  sil¬ 
very  streams  beneath  them, 
the  dark-green  pines  and  ce¬ 
dars,  interspersed  with  groves 
of  aspen,  the  latter  quaking  in 
their  green,  yellow  and  silvery 
foliage,  that  are  to  he  seen  in 
the  gorges  and  crowning  the 
heights,  combine  to  constitute 
a  landscape  that  is  destined 
to  have  a  world-wide  notoriety, 
and  he  visited,  described  and 
painted  by  people  from  all 
parts  of  the  world. 

Passing  through  the  tunnel 
the  scenery  is  also  very  grand, 
but  quite  different  from  that 
viewed  from  below. 

Bear  Creek  is  four  miles 
beyond  the  tunnel,  and  Cas¬ 
cade  Bridge  three  miles  fur¬ 
ther,  both  small  stations  of 
little  interest.  The  bridge  at 
Cascade  over  Los  Pinos  Creek, 
is  500  feet  long,  and  126  feet 
high.  At  the  time  we  write, 
tins  is  the  “end  of  the  track,” 
but  the  route  for  141  miles 
west  to  Durango,  and,  in  fact, 
to  Silverton,  fifty-eight  miles  further,  is  crowded 
with  laborers  and  material,  and  it  is  confidently 
expected  the  road  will  be  completed  to  Durango 


CROSSING  THE  RANGE  ON  SNOW  SKATES. 


PACKERS  CROSSING  THE  MOUNTAINS. 

by  July,  1881,  and  to  Silverton  by  the  close  of 
the  year.  The  scenery  on  the  line  beyond  the 
present  terminus,  is  said  to  be  stupenduous  ;  by 
far  exceeding  in  height,  extent  and 
grandeur,  anything  on  the  Ameri¬ 
can  continent. 

To  the  courtesy  of  the  Civil  En¬ 
gineer  in  charge  of  the  construc¬ 
tion  are  we  indebted,  and  enabled  to 
give  the  names  of  stations,  places 
and  distances,  on  the  route  west¬ 
ward  from  Cascade  Bridge,  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

From  San  Antonio  to  Cascade 
Bridge,  forty-one  miles ;  Summit, 
fifty-one  miles ;  Wolf  Creek,  sixty 
miles ;  Charma,  sixty-four  miles ; 
Pagosa  Springs  Boad,  seventy-eight 
miles  ;  Archuletas,  eighty-six  miles  ; 
Navajo  Diver,  ninety-eight  miles; 
Mouth  of  Navajo  River,  104,  (from 
which  it  is  twenty-one  miles  to  Pa¬ 
gosa  Springs ;)  Mouth  of  Piedras, 
124  miles ;  Los  Pineas  River,  148 
miles;  Florreda,  170  miles  ;  Duran¬ 
go,  182  miles ;  Animas  City,  185 
miles ;  Hermosa,  (Cascade  Hill)  211 
miles,  and  Silverton,  240  miles. 

Here  we  close  the  tour  and  return 
to  Denver. 

See  description  of  places  on  this 
route,  under  list  of  “ Cities ,  Towns, 
etc." 


CRO  PUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


EIGHT. 


ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  &  SANTA  FE  RAILROAD. 

This,  although  young,  is  one  of  the  giant 
railroad  corporations  of  the  west.  With  one 
foot  at  Atchison,  the  other  at  Kansas  City, 
its  march  westward  has  been  one  of  remarka¬ 
ble  strides,  and  where  the  end  will  be  is  yet 
a  problem.  The  company  have  already  1,606 
miles  of  road  in  operation,  and  as  much  more 
in  course  of  construction.  Of  completed  road, 
287  miles  are  in  this  State,  over  which  we 
propose  to  make  a  tour.  The  chief  office  in 
Colorado  is  located  at  Pueblo,  and  is  superin- 
^  tended  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Borst,  one  of  the  most 
courteous,  safe  and  reliable  railroad  men  in 
the  west. 

Our  route  from  Denver  to  Pueblo,  120  miles, 
is  via  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  as  in 
Tour  Six. 

Two  express  trains  leave  Pueblo  daily  for 
Atchison  and  Kansas  City  ;  distance  from 
Pueblo  to  Kansas  City,  635  miles  ;  to  Atchison, 
619  miles. 

The  Atlantic  Express  leaves  Pueblo  at 


TOUR  NUMBER 


i 

68 

CEOFUTT’  S  GEIP- SACK  GUIDE. 

1 : 15  a.  m.  (on  arrival  of  the  Rio  Grande  trains 
from  Denver  and  Leadville  of  preceding  eve¬ 
ning,)  arriving  in  Atchison  by  5  :  30  and  Kansas 
City  by  6  :  00  a.  m.  next  day. 

The  Kansas  City  and  Atchison  Express  leaves 
Pueblo  at  2:25  p.  m,,  (on  the  arrival  of  the  Rio 
Grande  morning  trains  from  Denver  and  Lead¬ 
ville)  arriving  at  Atchison  by  5  :  20,  and  Kansas 
j  City  by  5  :  35  p.  m.,  of  the  next  day. 

The  road  is  broad  or  standard  gauge,  the  cars 
are  first-class  in  every  particular,  and  provided 
with  all  the  most  approved  safety  appliances ; 
Pullman  Sleeping  and  Drawing-Room  cars  run 
on  all  trains.  The  afternoon  train  has  backed 
down  to  the  Rio  Grand  depot,  and 

“All  Aboard”  is  again  the  command,  and  the 
train  rolls  around  to  the  Atchison  depot,  and 
then  starts  on  its  journey  to  the  Missouri  River ; 
“to  the  States,”  we  should  have  said  twenty  years 
ago.  0,  what  a  change  in  that  twenty  years,  in 
this  country ;  there  was  no  Pueblo  City  then, 
unless  four  adobe  Mexican  hovels  could  be  called 
a  city.  July  2d,  1860,  we  first  reached  Pueblo, 
after  forty-one  day’s  continuous  travel  from 
Kansas  City ;  now  the  same  distance  is  made  in 
less  than  twenty-four  hours  ;  then  the  plains  were 
covered  with  millions  of  buffalo,  and  the  hostile 
Kiowa  lurkingly  watched  every  movement  for  his 
advantage ;  then  the  nights  were  spent  “on  guard” 
and  the  days  in  traveling,  watching  and  resting. 
“Wood,  water  and  grass”  were  the  all  important 
requirements.  The  Indian  and  the  buffalo  have 
gone  ;  in  their  stead  is  the  white  man,  his  cities, 
towns  and  numberless  herds  of  cattle,  sheep  and 
other  domestic  animals  ;  and  the  Pullman  car  af¬ 
fords  comfortable  repose,  while  the  porter' “stands 
guard” — with  his  blacking  brush. 

Such  is  progress  ;  but  we  digress. 

In  the  first  half  mile  our  train  has  crossed  the 
Rio  Grande  track  and  Fountain  Creek,  and  is 
fairly  out  on  the  sea  of  plains.  Baxter  is  reached 
in  six  miles,  Chico  in  six,  and  seven  miles 
more  to 

Booneville,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Huerfano 
River.  This  place  was  named  for  Col.  Boone, 
ex-Indian  agent ;  one  of  nature’s  noblemen  ;  a  de¬ 
scendant  of  the  original  Daniel  Boone,  of  Ken¬ 
tucky.  The  Colonel  had  a  ranche  near  the  sta¬ 
tion,  many  years  ago,  and  we  understand  he  is 
still  living,  but  in  indigent  circumstances  ;  while, 
what  should  be  ample  for  his  support,  is  in  the 
hands  of  a  wealthy  ex- Governor  of  Colorado ;  was 
borrowed,  and  now  withheld,  because  “it’s  out¬ 
lawed.”  See  “ Post  Roads,"  No.  50. 

From  Pueblo  the  road  has  followed  along  down 
on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  but  just  before 
reaching  the  next  station,  Nepiesta,  eight  miles, 
it  crosses  to  the  south  side,  and  continues  on  that 
side  110  miles,  to  just  beyond  Grenada,  where  it 
re-crosst  .  and  for  the  last  time. 

All  along  the  Arkansas  River  bottoms  the 
lands  are  very  rich,  and  where  irrigated  crops 
of  all  kinds  do  exceedingly  well ;  but  the  princi¬ 


pal  occupation  of  the  people  is  stock-raising. 
Cattle  and  sheep  abound,  in  fact,  we  are  in  the 
stock  belt  of  Colorado,  and  the  article  on  “Stock 
Raising  in  Tour  Four,  is  applicable  to,  and  cov¬ 
ers  this  region  for  150  miles  farther  east. 

From  Nepiesta  we  pass  a  number  of  small  sta¬ 
tions  ;  seven  miles  to  Oxford  ;  eight  miles  farther 
to  Apishapa  ;  from  which  it  is  nine  miles  to  Rocky 
Ford,  and  then  ten  miles  more  to 

La  Junta,  the  junction  of  the  New  Mexican 
line:  altitude,  4,137  feet,  576  feet  lower  than  Pu¬ 
eblo,  which  is  sixty-five  miles  west. 

Since  leaving  Nepiesta  we  have  crossed  a  num¬ 
ber  of  small  streams,  chief  of  which  are  Apishapa 
and  Timpas.  Twelve  and  fifteen  miles  east  Horse 
and  Coffee  Creeks,  come  into  the  Arkansas  from 
the  north. 

About  nine  miles  northeast  of  La  Junta  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river,  is  the  site  of  Bent’s 
Fort,  once  a  noted  trading  post. 

From  La  Junta,  pronounced  La  Hoon-ta,  it  is 
nine  miles  to  Robinson,  and  ten  more  to 

West  Las  Animas — The  county  seat  of  Bent 
county,  the  most  important  station  since  leaving 
Pueblo,  and  also  in  the  midst  of  the  largest  sec¬ 
tion  of  arable  land,  with  irrigation.  The  stock- 
raisers  make  this  place  a  great  rendezvous. 
Two  miles  east,  comes  in  the  Las  Animas  River, 
sometimes  called  Purgatoire,  but  oftener  by  the 
“Cow  Boys’  the  “Picketwire ;”  by  many  it  is 
claimed  to  be  the  best  stock  range  in  Colorado. 
See  Post  Roads  No.  51. 

Las  Animas  is  four  miles  east  of  West  Las  Ani¬ 
mas,  and  two  miles  south  of  Fort  Lyon,  which 
is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  Arkansas 
river.  The  old  fort  of  the  same  name  is  twenty 
miles  farther  east,  on  the  same  side.  Leaving 
Las  Animas,  there  are  few  stations  of  interest 
for  a  long  distance,  and  not  much  change  in 
scenery.  These  stations,  with  the  distances  be¬ 
tween,  are  :  Hillton,  two  miles ;  Caddoa,  nine 
miles ;  Powers,  ten  miles ;  Blackwell,  eleven 
miles  ;  Carlton,  eight  miles  ;  Grenada,  ten  miles ; 
Holley’s,  six  miles  ;  and  four  more  to  the 

State  Line — Distance  from  Pueblo  149  miles  ; 
from  Denver,  269  miles :  from  Kansas  City,  454 
miles. 

In  the  distance  from  Las  Animas  we  have 
crossed  Rule,  Caddoa,  Mud,  Clay,  Wolf, 
Granada  and  Two  Butte  Creeks,  in  the  order  1 
named.  On  the  opposite  side,  Limestone,  Big 
Sandy  and  Wild  Horse  Creeks ;  have  reached  the 
Arkansas  from  the  northern  prairie. 

From  State  Line  the  road  runs  down  on.  the 
north  side  of  the  Arkansas  river,  241  miles  to 
Nickerson,  and  then  turns  to  the  north-east,  pass¬ 
ing  through  the  finest  portion  of  the  State  of 
Kansas ;  but  as  it  is  our  special  business  to 
visit  all  points  of  interest  on  the  line,  within  the 
State  of  Colorado,  not  out  of  it.  We  return  to  La 
Junta,  and  start  south  over  the 

New  Mexican  Line — This  line,  completed  and  ; 
in  operation,  December  1st,  1880,  extends  to  San 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

69 

Marcial,  N.  M.,  450  miles  southwest  from  La 
Junta. 

Leaving  La  Junta,  our  train  once  more  com¬ 
mences  climbing  the  world,  and  in  the  next 
ninety-six  miles  will  have  attained  an  altitude  of 
j  7,863  feet,  or  3,726  feet  higher  than  at  La  Junta. 
The  country  is  of  the  same  general  character ; 
cattle,  sheep  and  cow  boys  abound. 

The  stations  and  distances  between,  are  :  Tim- 
pas,  seventeen  miles  ;  Iron  Springs,  eleven  miles  ; 
Thatcher,  seventeen  miles ;  Earle,  eighteen 
miles ;  Hoehn’s,  eight  miles ;  El  Moro,  (not  a 
stopping  place),  four  miles ;  and  five  miles 
I  further  to 

Trinidad— This  is  the  county  seat  and  princi¬ 
pal  town  in  Las  Animas  county,  on  the  “Picket- 
wire”  or  Las  Animas  river.  Population,  2,226  ; 
coal,  cattle  and  sheep  are  the  staple  productions 
of  the  county,  no  “hog”  or  “hominy.”  For 
description  of  this  and  other  town,  See  Cities, 
Towns,  Etc. ;  also  Post  Roads  Nos.  26,  52,  53. 

For  a  long  distance  before  reaching  Trinidad 
the  mighty  army  of  mountain  peaks  appeared  to 
be  gradually  approaching  on  the  west,  with  the 
Spanish  Peaks  for  an  advance  guard.  We 
had  endeavored  to  pass  them  by  keeping 
to  the  left,  not  seeking  any  difficulty,  but, 
at  Trinidad  a  flank  movement  placed  as 
Tennyson  would  say,  mountains  to  the 
right  of  us  ;  mountains  to  the  left  of  us  ; 

'  mountains  ahead  of  us,  with  canons  and 
:  small  arms  of  all  dimensions  fairly  eclio- 
j  ing  the  screams  of  our  artillery,  as  our 
iron  horse  advances  to  the  charge. 

Feeling  a  little  cautious,  well  knowing 
the  strength  of  our  old  enemy,  and  notic¬ 
ing  on  our  left  flank,  Fisher’s  Peak  peer¬ 
ing  down  from  a  height  of  3,455  feet  above 
us ;  and  in  front  the  whole  army  of  the 
Raton,  all  new  recruits,  the  strength  of 
the  foe  confronting  us  was  apparently  over¬ 
whelming.  Something  must  be  done.  Our 
artillery  and  cavalry  force  was  doubled, 
and  with  a  little  more  infantry,  all  yelling 
in  the  wildest  despair ;  our  army  ad¬ 
vanced  to  the  charge.  Our  skirmish  line 
was  along  the  banks  of  the  “Picket- wire,” 
which  separated  the  two  advance  wings 
of  the  enemy,  and  as  he  presented  a  bold 
front,  we  were  many  times  compelled  to 
deploy  to  the  right  and  left  to  gain  such 
advantage  as  the  nature  of  the  grounds 
would  admit,  often  with  our  little  band, 
facing  the  very  canon’s  mouth,  on  either 
side.  It  was  a  trying  time.  Our  first 
stand  was  made  at  Starkville,  five  miles 
from  Trinidad. 

Here  the  very  heart  of  the  enemy  was 
giving  forth  by  the  labor  of  a  thousand 
men  vast  quantities  of  concentrated  fire 
and  smoke,  blacker  than  the  realms  of 
j  hades.  A  short  pause,  while  our  little 
I  band  of  advancing  braves  filled  their  can¬ 


teens,  and  then  again,  a  long  shout  of  defi¬ 
ance  to  the  surrounding  hosts,  proclaimed  war 
to  the  knife  and  no  quarters.  Again  we  ad¬ 
vanced,  the  way  was  rugged  and  steep,  the 
gaping  canons  on  each  side  and  in  front  re¬ 
sounded  with  deafening  echoes  of  the  raging 
contest ;  but  still  our  determined  band  advanced. 
Passing  Morley  with  a  fearful  shriek  of  most 
determined  valor,  rushed  madly  to  the  very 
canon’s  breech,  and  ploughing  deep  into  the 
very  heart  of  the  enemy,  passed  through  and 
to  the  plains  beyond,  without  the  loss  of  a 
single  man,  and  the  infantry  quietly  sleeping  on 
their  arms. 

The  Raton  Mountains  have  been  crossed,  the 
middle  of  the  tunnel  through  the  summit  being 
the  dividing  line  between  Colorado  and  New 
Mexico ;  our  labors  on  this  route  are  finished,  with 
the  concluding  remark,  that  before  “many 
moons”  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Rail¬ 
road  will  be  the  eastern  connecting  link  of  the 
second  great  railroad  line  from  Ocean  to  Ocean, 
affording  views  of  varied  scenery,  unlike  all 
others  on  the  American  continent. 


CROFUTT'S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  71 


Condensed  Authentic  Descriptions 

OF 

EVERY  CITY,  TOWN,  VILLAGE,  STATION  POST-OFFICE,  AND  THE  MOST  IMPORTANT 

MEDICINAL  SPRINGS,  RESORTS.  PARKS,  AND  MINING 
CAMPS  IN  THE  STATE. 


ALPHABETICALLY  ARRANGED. 


Acequa  —  A  small  station  on  the  Denver  & 
j  Rio  Grande  Railway,  seventeen  miles  south  from 
I  Denver,  Douglas  county.  Post  office  and  stoek-rais- 
sers.  Fare,  $1.15.  Tour  6. 

Adelaide— Lake  county,  is  a  small  mining 
camp — a  suburb  of  Leadville.  See '' Leadville.” 

Agate — Elbert  county,  is  situated  on  the  east 
branch  of  Bijou  Creek,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Divis¬ 
ion  Union  Pacific  Railway,  69  miles  east  from  Den¬ 
ver.  Country  is  a  rolling  prairie,  occupied  wholly 
for  stock-raising.  The  fare,  $3.25.  See  Tour  4. 

Agate — Pueblo  county,  a  small  town  on  the 
St.  Charles  River,  situated  in  &  fine  agricultural  and 
j  stock-raising  country,  three  miles  south  from  St. 

!  Charles,  and  five  miles  west  from  Greenhorn,  a  sta- 
;  tion  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  Alti- 
j  tude  5,100.  On  “Post  Road”  No.  48. 

Alamosa — Conejos  county,  is  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Rio  Grande  Del  Norte,  near  the  centre  of 
San  Luis  Park,  and  an  important  station  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  250  miles  south-west 
from  Denver.  Population,  802.  Altitude,  7,492  feet. 
Alamosa  has  stores  of  all  kinds,  some  of  which  carry 
very  heavy  stocks  of  goods.  Many  hotels,  chief  of 
which  are  the  Perry,  and  Palmer.  One  Bank,  and 
two  large  forwarding  houses  that  handle  an  enor¬ 
mous  amount  of  goods  for  the  San  Juan  and  Gunni- 
!  son  mining  regions. 

The  Independent  and  the  Gazette  are  weekly  news¬ 
papers  published  here.  Thomas  M.  Findley,  Esq., 
j  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Independent,  and 
school  commissioner,  informs  us  that  the  schools  in 
Conejos  county  are  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and 
rank  with  the  best  in  the  State. 

Stock-raising  is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  ex¬ 
tent  by  many  of  the  citizens  of  Alamosa,  and  some 
farming  is  done  along  the  banks  of  the  Rio  Grande. 
For  Stage  Lines  see  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  62,  76,  77, 
and  78.  For  Scenery  see  Tour  No.  7.  Fare  from  Pu¬ 
eblo,  $13.00;  from  Denver,  $20.80.  See  “  San  Luis 
Park.” 


Alder  Creek — Ouray  county,  thirty  miles 
west  from  Ouray,  is  a  small  placer  mining  camp,  on 
the  creek  of  that  name,  on  '“Post  Roads”  No.  27. 

Alexander — Lake  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  camp,  six  miles  north-west  from  Leadville,  near 
the  Red  Cliff  wagon  road.  There  is  no  regular  es¬ 
tablished  conveyance  to  the  town,  which  is  reached 
from  Leadville. 

Alpine — Chaffee  county,  is  twelve  miles  west 
from  Nathrop,  on  the  “Joint  Track”  of  the  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  and  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railways,  Gunnison  Extension.  It 
is  on  Chalk  Creek,  hemmed  in  on  both  sides  by  lofty 
mountains.  See  Tour  No.  5.  The  town  consists  of 
a  number  of  stores,  hotels,  restaurants,  saloons,  and 
other  buildings,  with  a  population  of  504.  Mining  is 
the  principal  occupation  of  the  people.  Smelting 
and  sampling  works  are  located  here.  The  princi¬ 
pal  mines  being  worked  are :  Tilden,  Livingston,  and 
the  Britenstine  Group,  and  the  Murphy  mines.  The 
ores  run  from  $50  to  $125  per  ton.  Many  veins 
opened  in  1880  are  turning  out  to  be  valuable  prop¬ 
erties.  Fare  from  Denver,  $12.85.  See  Tours  5  and  6. 

Alma — Is  situated  in  the  South  Park,  Park 
county,  at  the  junction  of  the  Buckskin  Creek  and 
the  middle  fork  of  the  South  Platte  River.  Popu¬ 
lation,  about  500,  mostly  engaged  in  quartz  and 
placer  mining.  It  has  one  sampling  works,  one 
weekly  newspaper,  the  Alma  Eagle,  several  hotels, 
chief  of  which  is  the  St.  Nicholas  and  Southern.  The 
placer  grounds  are  quite  extensive,  and  several 
companies  are  engaged  in  Hydraulic  Mining,  one  of 
.  which,  it  is  said,  “cleans  up”  an  ounce  of  gold  per 
day,  to  the  hand.  The  quartz  lodes  carry  gold,  sil¬ 
ver,  copper  and  lead.  The  principal  developed 
mines  are:  Fanny  Barrett,  Sweethome,  Sacramento, 
Security,  Colorado  Springs,  Moose,  Dolly  Varden, 
and  Silver  Gem.  Then  there  are  hundreds  claiming 
to  be  equally  as  rich,  but  undeveloped.  The  scen¬ 
ery  about  Alma  is  very  grand,  being  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Lincoln,  altitude  14,296  feet,  and 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


72 


Mount  Bross,  on  the  Mosquito  pass  road  to  Lead- 
ville.  Distance  to  Leadville,  seventeen  miles;  to 
Breckenridge,  twenty  miles  ;  to  F airplay,  five 
miles.  Mails  and  stages  double  daily.  The  Fair- 
play  Branch  of  the  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pa¬ 
cific  Bailway  is  expected  to  reach  Alma  soon.  Trout 
and  game  are  abundant  in  the  vicinity.  Alma  is  117 
miles  from  Denver,  reached  by  mail  and  stage,  daily. 
Fare,  $10.80  by  mail  ;  50  cents  by  stage,  total, 
$11.30.  Tour  5. 

Altona — Boulder  county,  is  a  small  agricul¬ 
tural  town  on  Left  Hand  Creek,  at  the  base  of  the 
i  mountains,  eight  miles  north  from  Boulder  City  and 
five  miles  northwest  from  Ni-Wot.  No  regular  con¬ 
veyance  for  passengers.  See  “ Boulder .” 

Animas  Forks — is  situated  in  the  northern 
part  of  San  Juan  county,  fourteen  miles  north  from 
Silverton,  at  the  forks  of  the  Bio  de  las  Animas. 
It  is  a  Avild  and  rugged  country,  Avhere  nothing  but 
rich  mines  would  ever  induce  a  human  being  to  live 
longer  than  absolutely  necessary.  Altitude  11,584 
feet  above  sea  level.  There  are  two  smelting  and 
reduction  Avorks  situated  near  the  town,  and  many 
valuable  mines  principal  of  which  are,  the  Don 
Cap,  Black  Cross,  Eclipse,  Little  Boy,  Bed  Cloud, 
Big  Giant  and  Columbus.  The  ores  are  galena  and 
gray  copper,  silver  bearing.  The  Little  Arthur, 
Hepburn  and  Mountain  Queen  belong  to  Chicago 
parties  and  are  yielding  good  returns. 

Two  miles  below,  in  Burn’s  Gulch,  are  the  Lily 
and  Golden  Eagle  lodes,  containing  brittle  silver  in 
considerable  quantities.  Works  are  situated  near 
the  mouth  of  the  gulch  for  their  treatment. 

Animas  Forks  contains  two  stores,  hotel,  a  num¬ 
ber  of  saloons  and  shops,  a  score  of  buildings,  with 
a  population,  including  near  surroundings,  of  200. 
Distance  to  Lake  City  twenty-two  miles;  fare  $3. 
Alamosa,  via  Lake  City.  137  miles:  fare  $21.  To 
Denver,  387  miles  via  stage  and  rail ;  fare  $41.80. 
Ouray,  ten  miles  by  trail.  See  “ Post  Roads ”  Nos.  76 
and  77. 

Animas  City — La  Plata  county,  is  situated 
on  the  Bio  de  las  Animas,  on  a  high  bench  of  the  river 
in  a  very  pleasant  location.  Altitude  6,510  feet, 
population  451.  The  ShaAV  House  is  the  principal 
hotel;  one  bank,  stores  of  all  kinds,  shops,  restaur¬ 
ants  and  saloons  comprise  the  town,  with  one 
weekly  neAvspaper,  the  Southwest.  Coal  is  abund¬ 
ant  in  the  surrounding  country  as  well  as  game. 
Trout  can  be  caught  in  the  Animas  Biver  at  all 
points  below  the  Grand  Canon  but  none  above  or  at 
Silverton,  forty-six  miles  north.  For  twelve  miles 
north  along  the  ri\Ter  the  bottoms  are  from  one- 
half  to  two  miles  in  width,  good  agricultural  land, 
most  of  which  is  under  cultivation.  Small  grains  and 
vegetables  of  all  kinds  are  groAvn  to  perfection, 
with  the  one  exception  of  corn,  which  does  not  make 
a  good  crop.  Hay  is  also  put  up  in  great  quanti¬ 
ties  and  hauled  to  the  mining  camps  and  to  Animas 
selling  from  $50  to  $100  per  ton.  Sulphur  Springs 
are  situated  six  miles  north,  of  some  local  repute, 


but  the  bath  accommodations  are  not  commenda¬ 
ble. 

Northwest  from  Animas  City,  in  the  La  Plata 
Mountains,  on  the  headwaters  of  Junction  Creek 
and  the  La  Plata  Biver,  are  a  number  of  lode 
mines  of  rare  “prospects.”  Among  those  that  have 
been  developed  are  the  Snowstorm,  Mountain 
Chief,  JeA\Tel,  Cumberland,  Kennebec  and  Tippeca¬ 
noe.  The  ores  are  tellurium  and  free  gold,  and 
ruby  silver.  The  assays  from  some  of  these  mines 
run  $450,  $65,000  and  in  one  case  $100,000  per  ton. 
The  Snowstorm,  when  down  only  tAventy  feet,  Avas 
sold  to  a  Philadelphia  company  for  $250,000.  At 
present  there  are  a  great  many  prospectors  in  the 
mountains  in  this  section  and  neAv  and  rich  discov¬ 
eries  are  being  made  every  few  days.  Smelting 
AATorks  and  mills  are  being  erected  for  the  treatment 
of  these  ores,  and  the  outlook  for  a  prosperous 
mining  camp  is  exceedingly  faAmrable. 

Animas  City  is  two  miles  north  of  the  new  rail¬ 
road  toAAm  of  Durango,  on  the  line  of  the  San  Juan 
Extension  of  the  DenAmr  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  185 
miles  Avest  from  San  Antonio,  and  Avill  be  reached 
by  that  road  before  the  middle  of  the  summer  of 
1881.  Passengers,  mails  and  express  now  reach  the 
city  from  the  “end  of  the  track,”  which  is  moving 
Avestward  daily,  and  as  it  advances  the  stage  line 
running  in  connection  is  gradually  shortened. 
Fares  are  consequently  unsettled;  by  stage,  fifteen 
cents  per  mile,  and  rail,  eight  and  a  half  cents.  Sil- 
A’-erton,  forty-six  miles  north,  is  reached  by  “ Post 
Road ”  No.  68,  fare  $6.90;  also  with  the  south  by 
“ Post  Road ”  No.  72.  To  Parrott  City,  eighteen 
miles  Avest,  fare  $3.00. 

Antelope  Springs — Hinsdale  county,  is  sit¬ 
uated  half  a  mile  north  of  the  Bio  Grande  Biver  at 
the  junction  of  the  roads  leading  north AATest  to 
-Lake  City  and  Avest  to  Silverton,  fifty-six  miles 
west  from  Del  Norte.  It  is  a  wayside  inn  and  post- 
office,  where  game  is  abundant  and  the  surrounding 
pine-clad  mountains  wild  and  rugged.  Fare  from 
Del  Norte,  $7.25.  Distance  to  Lake  City,  thirty-five 
miles;  fare,  $7.25.  To  Silverton,  forty-eight  miles; 
fare  $9.50.  Daily  coaches. 

Aroya — Elbert  county,  is  out  on  the  broad 
plains,  130  miles  east  from  DenArer,  on  the  “Iv.  P.” 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  and  the  Big  Sandy 
Biver;  fare,  $6.35.  Cattle,  sheep,  horses,  and  “coav- 
boys”  possess  the  Avhole  country.  See  Tour  4. 

Apache — Huerfano  county,  is  a  small  place, 
situated  on  the  Huerfano  Bi\rer,  near  Huerfano 
station  on  the  Deirrer  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  thirty- 
six  miles  south  from  Pueblo,  Ada  rail;  fare  $3.65. 
Stock-raising  occupies  the  settlers. 

Apisliapa — Las  Animas  county,  is  a  small 
station  on  the  El  Moro  Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Bio 
Grande  Baihvay,  and  Apishapa  Biver,  sixty-nine 
miles  from  Pueblo,  and  189  miles  south  from  Denver. 
Cattle,  sheep,  horses  and  stock-raisers  abound.  Fare 
from  Pueblo,  $6.95;  from  Denver,  $14.75.  Tour  7. 


CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

73 

Argo — Arapahoe  county,  is  situated  about 
two  miles  northwest  from  Denver;  fare,  10  cents; 
on  the  line  of  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  on  the  high  table  lands,  overlooking  the 
surrounding  country  for  many  miles.  The  town  is 
composed  of  workmen  and  their  families,  who  are 
employed  in  the  Boston  &  Colorado  Smelting  Works, 
situated  near  by.  These  works  are  very  extensive, 
and  are  connected  by  rail  track  with  the“C.  C.”  The 
buildings,  yards,  tracks,  etc.,  occupy  twelve  acres, 
surrounded  by  a  stone  wall  eight  feet  in  height, 
having  a  frontage  on  the  railroad  of  430  feet,  and  a 
depth  of  500  feet,  with  the  main  entrance  at  the 
southwest  corner.  See  Illustration,  page  47. 

The  calcining  house,  the  first  stone  building,  in¬ 
side  is  450x120  feet,  with  a  wing  91x34  feet;  the  inside 
walls  are  ten  feet  high,  and  the  gable  ends  thirty- 
one  feet.  The  office  is  of  stone,  43x82  feet,  two 
stories.  The  smelting  house  is  280x38  feet,  contain¬ 
ing  ten  large  furnaces,  each  with  a  fifty-two-feet 
chimney.  The  refining  house  is  293x64  feet,  with  a 
wing  78x40  feet. 

Outside  the  wall,  and  beyond,  are  located  the  cot¬ 
tages,  boarding-houses,  etc.,  of  the  employes,  who 
have  named  their  new  town  Argo.  The  present  ca¬ 
pacity  of  the  works  are  100  tons  per  day,  employing 
ninety-four  men.  These  works  are  under  the  direct 
supervision  of  Prof.  Hill  (Senator  from  Colorado) 
and  are  by  many  called  “Prof.  Hills’  Works.”  The 
same  company  have  works  at  Black  Hawk. 


ORES  TREATED  DURING  1880. 


COUNTIES. 

GOLD. 

SILVER. 

COPPER 

TOTAL. 

Gilpin . 

$433,000 

$152,000 

$  99,000 

$684,000 

Clear  Creek . 

162,000 

496,000 

78,000 

736,000 

Boulder . 

97,000 

93,000 

2,000 

192,000 

Park . 

326,000 

1,000 

327,000 

Lake . 

223,000 

223,000 

Chaffee . 

32,000 

32,000 

Summit . 

19,000 

19,000 

Gunnison . 

17,000 

17,000 

C  uster  &  San  J  uan 

27,000 

4,000 

31,000 

Utah  &  Nevada. . 

1,500 

7,500 

2,000 

11,000 

Montana . 

151,000 

290,000 

441,000 

Other  Sources. . . 

1,000 

12,500 

4,000 

17,500 

Totals . 

$694,500 

$1,556  000 

$480,000 

$2,730000 

Arapahoe — Bent  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  “K.  P.”  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  187 
miles  east  from  Denver,  on  a  broad  prairie  where 
j  cattle  and  sheep  range  the  year  round.  Fare,  $9.25. 

!  Tour  4. 

Arborville — Chaffee  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  camp,  five  miles  west  from  Marysville,  and 
eighteen  miles  from  the  town  of  South  Arkansas. 
Mining  and  stock-raising  is  the  principal  occupation 
of  the  people.  Population,  150.  Fare  from  Marys¬ 
ville,  50  cents.  See  “Marysville.” 

Argentum — Hinsdale  county.  See  “ Bur - 

roiv’s  Park.” 

Arthurs — A  small  side-track  station,  in  a 
beautiful  little  valley  on  the  South  Park  Division 
Union  Pacific  Railway.  At  this  place  a  large 
amount  of  hay  is  baled  every  season  for  shipment. 


Trout  Creek,  upon  which  Arthurs  is  situated,  is 
properly  named,  and  game  abounds  on  the  prairie, 
in  the  foot-hills  and  on  the  mountains,  which  are 
only  a  few  miles  away  on  each  side.  Two  passenger 
trains  each  way  daily.  Distance,  102  miles  from 
Denver.  Fare,  $8.60.  Tour  5. 

Arvada — Jefferson  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Colorado  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  sit¬ 
uated  on  the  north  side  of  Clear  Creek,  seven  miles 
northwest  from  Denver,  and  eight  miles  east  from 
Golden.  The  town  contains  a  scattered  population 
of  about  300,  mostly  engaged  in  farming,  gardening 
and  horticulture.  All  the  lands  are  easily  irri¬ 
gated,  and  produce  abundant  crops.  Clear  Creek 
Valley  is  famous  for  its  productiveness,  and  has  in 
past  years  been  very  successful  in  carrying  off  the 
prizes  awarded  by  the  State  Agricultural  Fairs. 
Fare  from  Denver,  40  cents.  Tour  1. 

Aspen — Gunnison  county,  on  the  Boaring 
Fork  River,  south  side,  is  situated  near  the  junc¬ 
tion  of  Castle,  Hunter’s,  and  Maroon  Creeks,  and 
the  Uncompagre  Indian  Reservation.  The  old  town 
of  Roaring  Forks  is  one  mile  distant,  on  the  oppo¬ 
site  side  of  the  river.  Altitude,  7,942  feet. 

The  valley  in  which  Aspen  and  Roaring  Forks  are 
situated  affords  a  fine  stock  range,  but  the  principal 
occupation  of  this  people  is  mining.  Here  is  lo¬ 
cated  one  of  the  great  mines  of  the  State.  The 
“Smuggler”  is  the  chief  attraction;  yet  “Smuggler” 
numbers  one,  two  and  three,  are  said  be  equally  rich. 
These  mines  run  away  up  in  the  thousands,  and  are 
thought  to  be  inexhaustible.  Many  other  lode  mines 
are  in  the  vicinity,  and,  also,  some  valuable  placer 
mines.  Among  the  most  prominent  is  the  “King 
Placer.”  It  is  located  on  Roaring  Forks,  three  miles 
below  the  city.  These  placers  will  be  worked  with 
hydraulics  as  soon  as  the  necessarv  canals  can  be 
built  and  works  completed. 

Aspen  has  stores  and  shops  of  all  kinds,  smelting 
works  building,  schools,  hotels,  two  saw  mills,  and  * 
a  population  of  about  600. 

Aspen  is  seventy-five  miles  northwest  from  Buena 
Vista;  thirty  miles  due  west  from  Leadville,  “as  the 
birds  would  fly,”  but  fifty  miles  by  trail.  Game  in 
the  vicinity  is  abundant,  and  trout  snap  the  bait  in 
every  stream.  Fare  from  Buena  Vista,  stage,  $11.25, 
by  trail,  fifty  miles  from  Leadville— “shank’s  horse” 
or  burro. 

Astor  City — Summit  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  camp  cn  Eagle  River,  six  miles  north  from  Red 
Cliff.  See“Red  Cliff.” 

Ashcroft — Gunnison  county,  is  situated 
twelve  miles  south  from  Aspen,  on  Castle  Creek, 
and  forty-five  miles  west  from  Leadville,  by  trail. 

It  is  a  small  mining  camp,  and  shows  some  rich 
“prospects,”  but  no  developments. 

Aurora — Ouray  county,  some  times  called 
Dallasville,  is  situated  just  south  of  the  line  of  the 
Ute  Indian  Reservation,  on  a  branch  of  the  Uncom- 
pahgre  River,  sixteen  miles  northwest  from  Ouray, 
and  nine  miles  south  from  the  Los  Pinos  Agency, 


GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


'JHE  CANON  OF  CACHE  LA  POUDRE  RIVER. 

with  which  it  is  connected  by  trail.  Grazing  lands 
principally  in  the  vicinity. 

Badger — Chaffee  county,  is  a  small  station  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  forty-six  miles 
west  from  Canon  City,  fare  $4.60.  It  is  at. the  junc¬ 
tion  of  Badger  Creek  with  the  Arkansas  River. 
Tour  6. 

Badito — Huerfano  county,  is  a  small  place  oc¬ 
cupied  principally  by  stock-raisers  and  a  few  agri¬ 
culturists  ;  situated  on  the  Hurfano  River,  twenty 
miles  northwest  from  Walsenburgh  on  Post  Road 
Nos.  54  and  55.  Fare  from  Walsenburgh,  $3.  Wal¬ 
senburgh  from  Denver,  183  miles;  fare  $13.40. 


Balarat  —  A  small  mining  camp  in 
Boulder  county,  eighteen  miles  north  from 
Boulder  City,  on  Left  Hand  Creek,  and  four 
and  one-half  miles  east  from  Jamestown. 
From  Boulder  eighteen  miles;  stage  fare 
$1.25.  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  8  and  22. 

Bailey’s — Park  county,  Platte  Canon, 
is  a  small  station  on  the  South  Park  Division 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  fifty-four  miles  from 
Denver.  Fare  $4.35.  Post-office,  news  depot, 
saw  mills  and  some  snug  little  cottages 
comprise  the  station.  Wood  and  timber  is 
the  principal  business.  Two  passenger  trains 
each  way  daily.  Tour  5. 

Bakersville — Clear  Creek  county,  a 
small  hamlet  in  the  timber,  situated  on  Mid¬ 
dle  Fork  of  Clear  Creek,  and  the  “  High 
Line”  stage  road  from  Georgetown  to  Ko¬ 
komo,  eight  miles  from  the  former.  From 
this  place  it  is  ten  miles  to  the  summit  of 
Loveland  Pass ;  the  route  leading  up  Baker’s 
Gulch  passes  several  saw  mills,  some  mines 
and  a  large  growth  of  pine  timber.  The  road 
to  Grey’s  Peak  branches  off  to  the  left  just 
before  reaching  Bakersville  from  George¬ 
town.  See“ Grey’s  Peak.”  Georgetown,  $1.50 ; 
from  Denver,  $3.40.  Post  Road  No.  13. 

Baldy — Costilla  county,  is  a  station — 
on  paper— on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway,  situated  midway  between  Fort 
Garland  and  Alamosa,  118  miles  from  Pueblo 
and  238  miles  from  Denver  on  the  broad  San 
Luis  Park.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $11.80;  from 
Denver,  $19.60.  Tour  7. 

Barela — Las  Animas  county,  is  a  small 
town  on  the  Rio  San  Francisco,  occupied 
chiefly  by  Mexican  sheep-raisers;  some  ag¬ 
ricultural  land  along  the  river  on  which  veg¬ 
etables  are  grown.  It  is  thirteen  miles  east 
from  Trinidad;  fare  $2.  Post  Road.  No.  53. 

Barnum’s — Gunnison  county,  is  a 
stage  station  on  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gun¬ 
nison  River,  135  miles  west  from  South  Ar¬ 
kansas  and  twenty  miles  north  from  Lake 
City.  The  country  immediately  adjoining  is 
good  grazing  lands  and  along  the  river  are 
scattered  ranches  where  vegetables  and 
some  small  grain  are  grown  and  grass  gath¬ 
ered  for  hay;  all  of  which  demand  good  prices 
in  the  mining  camps  to  the  southward.  From 
Barnum’s  the  road  branches  off  to  Gunnison 
City,  forty  miles  north.  Ouray  is  seventy-six  miles 
west.  Fare  to  Barnum’s  from  South  Arkansas, 
$21 ;  Ouray,  $11.50  ;  Gunnison  City,  $6  ;  Lake 
City,  $3.  Daily  coaches.  “  Post  Roads ”  Nos.  76 
and  79. 

Bassackville — Custer  county.  See  “Quer- 

eda.” 

Baxter — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  station  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  seven 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


75 


BEAVER  BROOK  STATION,  WITH  PIC-NIO  PAVILION. 


miles  east  from  Pueblo — fare  forty  cents —  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Arkansas  Biver.  Tour  8. 

Beaver  Brook — Jefferson  county,  is  situ¬ 
ated  at  the  junction  of  a  small  creek,  called  Beaver 
Brook  with  Clear  Creek,  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  on 


the  line  of  the  Colorado  Division  Union  Pacific  Bail¬ 
way,  twenty-two  miles  west  from  Denver,  fare  $1.50. 
It  is  a  great  resort  in  summer  for  pic-nic  parties; 
the  scenery  is  very  grand  and  beautiful.  Tour  2. 

Beaver  Creek — Fremont  county,  siiuated 


76  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


on  the  Arkansas  Biver,  is  a  station  on  the  Denver 
&  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  twenty-three  miles  west 
from  Pueblo ;  fare,  $2.30.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of  Bea¬ 
ver  Creek,  once  noted  for  beavers  and  wild  turkeys. 
Whether  they  are  any  longer  to  be  found  in  that 
vicinity  we  are  uninformed,  but  as  a  stock  range  it 
has  no  superior. 

Bear  River — Conejos  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  river  of  that  name,  on  the  San  Juan  Ex¬ 
tension  of  the  Denver  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway, 
away  up  in  the  mountains.  Tall  timber,  beauti¬ 
ful  scenery,  pure  water,  good  grazing  for  stock,  and 
half  a  dozen  settlers  comprise  the  station  and  sur¬ 
roundings.  Distance,  thirty-nine  miles  from  San 
Antonio ;  fare,  $3.50.  From  Denver,  318  miles;  fare, 

:  $27.20.  Tour  7. 

Bear  Creek  Junction — Arapahoe  county, 
a  station  on  the  line  of  the  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Bailway  at  the  junction  of  the  Mor¬ 
rison  branch.  It  is  near  the  South  Platte  Biver  on 
Bear  Creek,  a  small  stream  coming  down  from  the 
mountains  on  the  west,  along  which  are  some  of  the 
best  cultivated  “truck  farms”  in  Colorado.  From 
Denver  it  is  seven  miles;  Fare,  forty-five  cents. 
Tour  5. 

Bear  Canon — Douglas  county,  is  a  ranch 
five  miles  west  from  Castle  Bock  on  West  Plum 
Creek.  See  “  Castle  Rock.” 

Belford — Hinsdale  county,  is  a  stage  station 
on  Clear  Creek,  and  the  road  from  Alamosa  to  Lake 
City.  It  is  situated  in  a  section  of  country  only 
valuable  as  a  stock  range;  surrounded  by  moun¬ 
tains  covered  with  timber  and  grass  with  some  hay 
land  along  the  creeks.  It  is  ninety-one  miles  west 
from  Alamosa,  by  daily  stage,  fare  $12.25;  and 
twenty-four  miles  southeast  from  Lake  City,  fare 
$3.60.  “ Post  Road ”  No.  76. 

Bent  Canon — Las  Animas  county,  is  situ¬ 
ated  fifty  miles  southwest  from  West  Las  Animas 
on  the  Las  Animas  Biver,  in  the  midst  of  the  noted 
stock  range  of  Southern  Colorado.  Beached  by 
“Post  Road”  No.  51.  Fare  $7.00.  See  “  West  Las  Ani- 
\  mas.” 

Bennett — Arapahoe  county,  a  small  station 
on  the  “K.  P.”  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  is 
situated  on  Kiowa  Creek  thirty-one  miles  east  from 
Denver,  fare  $1.50.  Population  about  seventy-five, 
all  engaged  in  raising  horses,  cattle  and  sheep. 
Tour  4. 

Bertlioud — Laramie  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  Little  Thompson  Creek  and  the  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  sixty-seven  miles 
north  from  Denver;  fare  $3.35.  The  surrounding 
country  is  inhabited  by  farmers  and  stock-raisers, 
principally  the  former.  Tour  1. 

Beulali — Pueblo  county,  on  the  St.  Charles 
Biver  and  the  eastern  base  of  the  Greenhorn  Moun¬ 
tains  in  a  section  devoted  principally  to  agriculture 
and  stock  raising.  It  is  twenty-three  miles  south¬ 
west  from  Pueblo.  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  48, 16  and 
49  connect.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $3.50. 


Black  Hawk — Gilpin  county.  Altitude  7,- 
975  feet.  Population  about  2,000,  all  of  whom  are 
engaged,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  mining.  The 
buildings,  mills,  churches,  stores  and  residences 
are  sandwitched  in  between  the  gulches,  ravines, 
mines,  rocks  and  projecting  mountain  crags  in  the 
most  irregular  manner. 

Gold,  in  paying  quantities,  was  first  discovered 
in  this  country,  at  this  place,  by  John  H.  Gregory, 
May  6th,  1859/  During  the  summer  the  great  rush 
of  gold-seekers  commenced  in  earnest,  and  the 
mountains  were  over-run  with  prospectors,  every 
day  bringing  reports  of  rich  placer  diggings  or 
quartz  discoveries. 

Close  upon  the  discovery  of  gold,  came  the  news¬ 
paper.  The  Rocky  Mountain  Gold  Reporter  and 
Mountain  City  Herald  was  established  August  6th, 
1859,  by  Mr.  Thomas  Gibson,  at  this  time,  one  of 
Omaha’s  most  esteemed  citizens.  The  Post,  a  week¬ 
ly  paper,  is  the  only  paper  published  here  now. 

Quartz  mills  are  numerous  in  and  around  Black 
Hawk;  the  rattling  of  their  descending  stamps, 
night  and  day,  speaks  in  thunder  tones  of  the  great 
wealth  of  this  mountain  country,  one  of  the  great 
treasure-chambers  of  the  American  Continent. 

Black  Hawk  is  situated  on  North  Clear  Creek  and 
the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  thirty- 
five  miles  west  from  Denver,  fare  $2.85.  Tour  2. 
See  also  “  Central  City”  and  Gilpin  County  about 
mills,  mines  and  mining  statistics.  “Busses”  con¬ 
nect  with  trains  from  Black  Hawk  to  Central  City, 
one  and  a  half  miles ;  fare  fifty  cents. 

Blackwell — Bent  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  Bailway,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Arkansas  Biver  near  the  junc¬ 
tion  of  Clay  Creek.  East  from  Pueblo  120  miles, 
fare  $6.85.  Tour  8. 

Blumanau — Custer  county,  is  situated  on 
Grape  Creek,  almost  in  the  center  of  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  eight  miles  southwest  from  Bosita  and  the 
same  distance  west  of  south  from  Silver  Cliff.  The 
settlers  are  mostly  agriculturists,  some  are  stock-  ■ 
men  and  a  very  few  miners.  Distance,  eight  miles 
from  Silver  Cliff,  by  hack ;  fare  $1.  From  Denver,  198  | 
miles;  fare  by  rail,  stage  and  hack,  $13.80.  “ Post 
Road”  58. 

Bij»-  Hill — Jefferson  county,  on  tlie  line  of 
the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  Clear 
Creek  Canon.  Twenty-six  miles  west  from  Denver, 
fare  $2.  Tour  2. 

Bird — Arapahoe  county,  according  to  the 
postofiice  department,  is  a  post  office  somewhere  in 
the  county,  but  we  could  not  find  it,  and  are  of  the 
opinion  it  must  have  taken  wings. 

Bijou  Basin — El  Paso  county,  is  situated 
fifty  miles  southeast  from  Denver  in  the  center  of  a 
fine  stock-raising  section  well  stocked  with  cattle 
and  sheep.  It  is  reached  from  Monument  in  twenty- 
five  miles,  fare  $3.75.  “Post  Road”  No.  36,  or  from 
Biver  Bend,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  in  thirty-five 
miles ;  fare  $5,  on  same  post  road. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  •  77 


Bismark — Saguache  county,  is  situated  at  the 
western  base  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains  in 
San  Luis  Park,  eight  miles  south  from  Villa  Grove 
and  sixteen  miles  east  from  Saguache.  Stock- 
raising  and  some  farming  occupy  the  time  of  the 
feAv  settlers  in  the  vicinity.  On  “Post  Roads”  56 
and  79.  Fare  to  Villa  Grove,  $1.25 ;  from  Villa  Grove 
to  South  Arkansas,  twenty- eight  miles,  fare  $4.50. 
To  Denver,  253  miles,  total  fare  by  rail  and  daily 
stage,  $17.40.  Tour  7. 

Bonanza — Saguache  county,  is  situated  on 
Kerber  Creek,  one  mile  above  Sedgwick,  two  miles 
below  Exchequerville,  and  thirty- seven  miles  west 
of  south  from  Poncho  Springs.  It  is  a  new  mining 
camp  about  the  same  age  as  Sedgwick,  surrounded 
by  mines  of  rare  richness.  Population  350 

Bonanza,  Sedgwick  and  Exchequerville  are  all 
near  together,  and  their  interests  are  identical, 
so  we  give  the  names  of  the  principal  producing 
mines  in  the  vicinity:  Bonanza,  Bolla,  Superior, 
Cornucopia,  Exchequer  and  Wheel  of  Fortune. 
The  ores  are  carbonate  and  galena,  rich  in  silver 
and  lead.  Mill  runs  are  from  $50  to  $100. 

See  “Sedgwick” — Fares  are  the  same,  and  only 
j  one  mile  apart. 

Bordensville — -Park  county,  is  a  postoffice 
j  and  store  on  Tarryall  Creek  and  the  wagon  road 
from  Colorado  Springs  to  Como,  South  Park.  Busi¬ 
ness,  stock-raising  and  lumbering.  Surroundings 
beautiful;  game  plentiful.  It  is  103  miles  from  Den¬ 
ver  by  rail  and  hack,  via  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Bailway  to  Como,  eighty-eight  miles, 
stage  fifteen  miles;  fare  $8.85;  rail,  $7.35;  hack, 
$1.50,  on  “Post  Road ”  No.  20.  Tour  5. 

Booneville — Pueblo  county,  situated  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Arkansas  Biver,  on  the  line  of 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Bailroad.  It  is 
surrounded  by  good  grazing  lands,  and  along  the 
‘  river,  where  irrigated,  good  crops  of  small  grains 
and  vegetables  are  grown  to  perfection.  The  town 
was  named  for  Col.  Boone,  a  descendant  of  the  noted 
Kentuckian  of  that  name.  Distance  from  Pueblo, 
east  twenty  miles,  fare  $1.10.  “Post  Road”  No.  50. 
Tour  8. 

Borst — Is  a  small  station  on  the  Denver  & 
Bio  Grande  Bailway,  El  Paso  county,  fifty- eight 
miles  south  from  Denver,  fare  $3.80,  and  seventeen 
miles  north  from  Colorado  Springs.  Occupied 
principally  by  cattle-men.  Tour  6. 

Boulder  City — The  county  seat  of  Boulder 
county,  is  situated  at  the  entrance  of  the  mountains, 
on  Boulder  Biver,  forty-five  miles  northwest  from 
:  Denver,  with  which  it  is  connected  with  two  lines  of 
|  Bailways — the  Colorado  Division,  and  the  Boulder 
Valley  branches  of  the  Union  Pacific  Bailway.  Fare, 

:  $2.30.  The  Boulder  &  Caribou  branch  leads  south  to 
the  Marshall  Coal  Bank,  six  miles.  The  city,has  a 
population  of  3,176.  Altitude  5,184  feet. 

•The  chief  business  in  which  the  citizens  are  en¬ 
gaged,  is  mining  and  agriculture — gold,  coal  and 


iron  being  the  principal  minerals.  There  are  three 
ore  sampling  works,  one  smelting  furnace,  one  iron 
furnace,  two  flouring  mills,  two  banks,  many  large 
business  blocks  of  stone  and  brick,  one  large  foun¬ 
dry  and  machine  shop,  and  numerous  small  manu¬ 
factories. 

There  are  many  beautiful  private  residences,  five 
church  edifices,  and  several  good  schools,  besides 
the  State  University,  which  is  located  here.  Of 
newspapers  there  are  four— the  Herald,  daily  and 
weekly;  the  News  and  the  Banner,  both  weeklies. 
The  principal  hotels  are  the  American,  Brainard  and 
Sales. 

Boulder  Canon,  at  the  mouth  of  which  the  city  is 
located,  contains  some  magnificent  scenery,  and  is 
the  outlet  to  the  valley  for  some  of  the  richest  mines 
in  the  State.  In  the  western  or  mountainous  por¬ 
tion  of  the  county  are  located  the  Gold  Hill,  Sugar 
Loaf,  Caribou,  Pennsylvania,  Snowy  Bange,  Gold 
Lake,  Ward,  Central,  and  other  rich  mining  dis¬ 
tricts,  containing  numerous  stamp  mills  and  reduc¬ 
tion  works,  which  yield  a  wealth  of  precious  metals 
daily — all  tributary  to  Boulder. 

Boulder  Canon — pages  70  and  78  —  is  noticeably 
wild  and  romantic,  even  in  a  country  where  nature 
has  been  so  productive  of  surprising  scenery.  On 
either  side  rise  the  lofty  walls,  from  1,000  to  2,000  feet 
in  height,  their  sides  covered  with  verdure,  save  in 
spots  where  the  rocks  stand  forth  in  naked  bold¬ 
ness.  Through  the  canon  rushes  a  noisy  and  turbu¬ 
lent  stream,  serving  to  enhance  the  attractions  and 
break  the  solitude. 

Through  its  whole  extent,  a  distance  of  fifteen 
miles,  the  points  of  special  interest  vie  with  each 
other  in  attracting  the  attention  of  the  beholder. 
Prominent  among  these  are  the  “Falls”  and  the 
“Dome.”  The  former  are  ten  miles  distant  from 
Boulder  City,  on  the  North  Fork,  a  few  hundred 
yards  from  its  junction  with  the  Middle  Boulder, 
whence  they  are  reached  by  a  romantic  trail  along 
the  mountain  side.  Eight  miles  up  the  canon  is 
“Eagle  Bock.” 

Three  miles  up  the  canon,  and  nearly  encircled  by 
it,  rises  the  “Dome,”  a  solitary  and  majestic  mass  of 
granite,  five  hundred  feet  in  height.  The  illustration 
is  from  a  photograph  by  W.  G.  Chamberlain,  of 
Denver. 

Livery  teams  can  be  had  at  Boulder  to  make  a 
trip  to  the  Falls,  ten  miles,  and  back,  for  $5.00, 
and  will  pass  the  greater  portion  of  the  grandest 
scenery. 

From  Boulder  the  “Bed  Bock  Peaks”  are  south 
about  three  miles,  and  possess  peculiar  attractions. 

The  University  of  Colorado  has  a  beautiful  situa¬ 
tion  upon  the  high  grounds  on  the  south  side  of 
Boulder  Biver,  and  overlooking  the  city.  The  de¬ 
sign  of  this  school  is  to  prepare  teachers  for  the 
work  of  conducting  the  schools  of  the  State,  espec¬ 
ially  in  the  branches  taught  in  the  common  schools. 
It  is  claimed  that  the  climate  at  Boulder  is  all  that 
could  be  desired ;  neither  excessively  warm  in  sum¬ 
mer  nor  cold  in  winter,  and  seems  particularly  fa- 


78 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


BOULDER  CANON,  COLORADO. — THOS.  MORAN. 


vorable  to  the  exercise  of  the  intellectual  faculties. 
Tour  1  from  Denver.  “Post  Road,”  Nos.  6,  7,  8,  9, 
and  10. 

Bowman — Gunnison  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  hamlet  on  Taylor  River,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Taylor  Park.  It  is  forty- eight  miles  northwest  from 
Buena  Yista,  and  twenty-seven  miles  southeast 


from  Aspen.  It  has  two  general  merchandise  stores, 
a  hotel — Taylor  Park  Hotel— and  smelting  works. 
Population,  100.  Several  rich  mines  in  the  vicinity. 

In  Taylor’s  Park  and  surrounding  country  game 
is  abundant,  such  as  elk,  deer,  bear,  mountain  lion, 
grouse,  quail,  porcupine,  beaver,  otter,  and  an  occa¬ 
sional  antelope,  as  well  as  trout  in  all  the  streams. 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  79 


Fare  from  Buena  Vista, 
stage,  $7.25;  “Post  Road” 

]  No.  65;  by  trail,  it  is  forty 
miles  to  Leadville. 

Box  Elder — Arapa- 
I  hoe  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Kansas  Pacific, 

Division  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  twenty  -  three 
,  miles  east  from  Denver. 

Fare  $1.10.  The  surround¬ 
ings  are  rolling  prairie 
lands  well  stocked  with 
cattle  and  sheep.  Tour  4. 

Watkins  is  the  name  of  the 
postoffice. 

Boydsville  —  Cone¬ 
jos  county,  a  small  station 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway  —  San 
Juan  Extension— twenty- 
five  miles  west  from  San 
Antonio.  It  is  on  the  side 
of  the  mountains,  over¬ 
looking  Los  Pinos  Creek. 

It  is  an  eating  station  and 
depot  building  only,  with 
a  saw  mill  in  the  vicinity, 
where  a  great  amount  of 
lumber  is  prepared  for 
market.  Fare  from  San 
Antonio,  $2.50;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  290  miles;  fare  $25. 

See  Tour  7. 

B  re  eke nridge  — 

County  seat  of  Summit 
county,  received  a  town 
organization  in  May,  1880, 
and  the  census  taken  soon 
after  gave  a  population 
of  1,628,  which,  at  the  close 
of  the  year,  had  nearly 
doubled;  and  is  still  rap¬ 
idly  increasing.  It  is  sit¬ 
uated  on  the  Blue  River,  on  the  western  slope  of 
the  “Snowy  Range,”  eighteen  miles  southeast  from 
Como,  and  106  miles  south  of  west  from  Denver. 
Principal  business,  placers  and  quartz  mining. 
There  are  three  smelting  works  and  one  stamp  mill 
in  the  city,  and  others  building.  Breckenridge  has 
three  newspapers — the  Journal,  daily  and  weekly, 
and  the  Leader,  a  weekly.  The  Grand  Central,  and 
the  Denver  are  the  two  leading  hotels  out  of  a  doz¬ 
en.  Six  churches  or  church  organizations,  seven 
,  public  schools,  an  opera  house  and  theatre,  tel¬ 
egraph  and  telephone.  Two  banks,  stores,  res¬ 
taurants,  saloons,  and  shops  of  all  kinds,  together 
with  private  residences,  comprise  the  town.  Two 
railroads  are  now  building  to  reach  the  business  of 
this  region — the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  from  Lead¬ 
ville-,  via  Kokomo,  and  the  South  Park  from  Como, 


via  Breckenridge  Pass.  It  is  expected  both  of  these 
roads  will  reach  the  town  about  the  same  time,  or 
by  July  1st,  1881. 

According  to  the  census  of  Breckenridge,  when 
taken,  there  were  only  four  persons  out  of  employ¬ 
ment,  twelve  that  could  not  read  and  write,  and 
only  nine  disabled  by  disease.  Twenty-five  per 
cent,  were  of  foreign  birth,  and  the  balance  Ameri¬ 
cans.  Lode  mines  are  counted  by  thousands  in  the 
vicinity,  and  large  numbers  of  mines  are  producing 
good  milling  and  smelting  ores — the  number,  too 
numerous  to  mention.  The  greater  portion  of  the 
ores  are  gold,  but  many  carry  silvei',  lead,  and  cop¬ 
per. 

As  early  as  1859-60  this  region,  for  many  miles 
around  and  about  where  the  city  is  now  located, 
was  known  as  the  Blue  River  placer  diggings,  and 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


80 


many  stories  of  wonderful  “finds"  are  recorded.  At 
that  time  the  whole  country  was  alive'  with  miners. 
French  Gulch,  Georgia  Gulch,  Iowa,  Humbug, 
Swan,  Buffalo,  Illinois,  and  other  gulches  to  the  east 
and  north,  contained  thousands  of  gold  miners. 

In  1863-4  the  placers  were  abandoned,  and  sup¬ 
posed  to  have  been  worked  out.  The  miners  at  that 
time  knew  nothing  about  hydraulic  mining,  or 
quartz  lodes,  and  the  old  camps  were  deserted. 

From  the  time  of  the  rich  mineral  discoveries  at 
Leadville,  in  1878-9,  dates  a  new  era  in  the  mining 
industry  in  Colorado.  It  filled  the /whole  mountain 
region  of  the  State  with  prospectors,  and  the  hunt 
for  rich  quartz  lodes  and  “deposits  commenced, 
and  with  what  success,  the  cities  of  Breckenridge, 
Silver  Cliff,  Kokomo,  Gunnison,  and  many  others, 
stand  forth  as  monuments ;  indorsed  by  millions  in 
gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead,  added  to  the  wealth  of 
the  country. 

As  a  sample  of  many  enterprises  of  the  kind  in 
this  section  of  Summit  county,  is  the  “Fuller  Prop¬ 
erty,”  which  consists  of  Five  square  miles  of  se¬ 
lected  mineral  lands.”  This  property  comprises  not 
only  placer  claims  but  fissure  veins  and  carbonate 
deposits.  The  placers  contain  over  40,000,000  cubic 
yards  of  pay  gravel.  To  convey  water  to  these  pla¬ 
cer  gulches,  over  fifty  miles  of  flumes  and  ditches 
have  been  built;  one,  the  “Great  Flume,”  with  its 
branches,  is  twenty- one  miles  in  length.  It  is  con¬ 
structed  of  plank,  contains  over  2,000,000  feet  of 
timber  and  cost  $100,000. 

Breckenridge  is  surrounded  by  great  numbers  of 
small  mining  camps  of  from  fifty  to  300  miners,  that 
purchase  all  their  supplies  and  spend  most  of  their 
money  at  the  county  seat,  which  add  materially  to 
the  business  prosperity  of  the  city.  Game,  such  as 
deer,  elk,  bear  and  grouse,  are  abundant  near  the 
city;  also,  trout. 

From  Breckenridge  to  Lincoln  City  is  four  miles ; 
to  Swan,  eight  miles ;  to  Preston,  three  miles ;  Alma, 
seventeen  miles;  Frisco,  ten  miles;  Georgetown, 
forty  miles;  Conger,  three  miles;  Chloride,  four 
miles,  and  Kokomo,  twenty  miles.  For  further  in¬ 
formation  we  refer  to  “Breckenridge,  its  Early  His¬ 
tory  and  Present  Besources,”  -soon  to  be  published 
by  the  proprietors  of  the  Summit  County  Leader. 
Price  fifty  cents.  Fares:  seventeen  miles  from 
Como,  by  stage,  $2.50;  from  Denver,  via  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  eighty-eight 
miles  by  rail,  fare  $7.35,  and  seventeen  miles  by 
stage,  fare  $2.50;  total,  $9.85.  See  ‘ Post  Roads” 
Nos.  13,  17,  23,  and  40.  Distance  to  Georgetown, 
forty  miles,  fare  $6;  via  Georgetown  to  Denver, 
ninety-two  miles,  fare  by  rail  and  stage,  $10.30. 
Daily  stages. 

Brighton — Arapahoe  county,  is  at  the  junc¬ 
tion  of  Boulder  Branch,  on  the  “K.  P.”  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Bailway,  twenty  miles  north  from 
Denver;  fare,  $1.35.  It  is  situated  on  the  east  side 
of  the  Platte  Biver.  Stock-raising  is  the  only  oc¬ 
cupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity,  except  on 
the  river  bottom,  where  there  are  some  rich  and 


well  cultivated  lands.  To  the  eastward,  the  prairies , 
to  the  left,  the  distant  mountains.  The  view  is 
i  grand.  Tour  3. 

Bristol — A  small  station  on  the  Colorado  Di¬ 
vision,  Union  Pacific  Bailway  in  Larimer  county, 
104  miles  north  from  Denver;  fare,  $5.50.  The  sta¬ 
tion  is  situated  on  the  high,  rolling  prairie,  above 
irrigating  canals,  and  the  surrounding  country  is 
occupied  by  sheep  and  some  cattle.  Tour  1. 

Brownsville — Jefferson  county,  is  at  the 
junction  of  Turkey  and  Iowa  creeks,  surrounded  by 
mountains  covered  with  timber,  where  are  located 
saw  mills,  the  lumber  from  which  finds  its  way  to 
the  Denver  market.  It  is  six  miles  southwest  from 
Morrison— no  regular  conveyance.  See  “Morrison.” 

Brookvale — Clear  Creek  county,  is  situated 
on  Bear  Creek,  ten  miles  southeast  from  Idaho 
Springs  and  twelve  miles  west  from  Morrison  and 
twenty-eight  miles,  via  Morrison,  to  Denver.  This 
is  a  beautiful  summer  resort,  and  one  of  the  finest 
little  lakes  in  the  world.  It  is  the  residence  of  W. 
E.  Sisty,  Esq.,  fish  commissioner  for  the  State  of 
Colorado ;  and  what  Sisty  cannot  tell  you  about  fish 
in  this  State,  would  add  little  to  your  education. 
Game  of  all  kinds,  deer,  elk  and  mountain  sheep 
are  abundant,  and  some  of  the  finest  trout  fishing 
near,  that  can  be  found  in  the  whole  mountain  re¬ 
gion. 

Bi’ookvale  is  twenty-eight  miles  from  Denver,  by 
rail  and  stage.  Bail  to  Morrison,  sixteen  miles,  $1 ; 
stage,  twelve  miles,  fare  $2.  Bound  trip  $5.  In 
summer,  stage  to  and  From  Idaho  Springs ;  fare 
$1.50 

Brownsville — Clear  Creek  county,  is  located 
on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Clear  Creek,  two  miles  west 
from  Silver  Plume  and  two  and  a-half  miles  west 
from  Georgetown.  Population  250.  Several  stores 
and  one  mill,  with  the  usual  surroundings  comprise 
the  town.  Here  are  located  the  following  noted  sil¬ 
ver  mines :  Terrible,  Silver  Ore,  Brown,  Coin,  Dun- 
derburg,  Hercules,  Bis-mark,  Atlantic,  Shively,  and 
many  others.  Most  of  the  ores  go  to  Georgetown 
for  treatment.  The  route  is  from  Georgetown ;  fare, 
fifty  cents.  “ Post  Road”  No.  13.  From  Denver, 
fifty-seven  miles,  by  rail  and  coach,  via  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway;  fare  $4.80. 

Brown’s  Canon— Chaffee  county,  is  a  small 
station  on  the  Denver  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  situ-  ’ 
ated  on  the  Arkansas  Biver,  225  miles  from  Denver. 
The  river  bottom  is  wide  and  covered  with  grass, 
where  some  hay  is  gathered  for  market.  Otherwise 
the  whole  section  is  devoted  to  stock-raising.  Fare 
from  Denver,  $11.65.  Tour  6. 

Buffalo  Creek — Jefferson  County, — Platte 
Canon,— is  a  station  on  the  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Bailway,  forty  miles  from  Denver. 
It  is  becoming  quite  a  mining  as  well  as  lumbering 
point.  Some  claims  were  located  in  1880  that  the 
assays  run  over  $7,000  per  ton  in  gold.  During 
the  season,  sixty-four  claims  were  located,  many  of 
which  prospect  from  the  surface  free  gold,  and  oth- 


CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  81 


ers,  silver — galena.  The  Canada  Jewel,  Wild  Flower, 
General  Grant,  and  Morgan  are  the  principal  mines 
and  prospects.  Game  is  found  in  the  hills,  and 
some  line  trout  in  the  creek.  Fare  from  Denver, 
$2.95.  Two  passenger  trains  daily  each  way. 
Tour  5. 

Buena  Vista— County  seat  of  Chaffee  county, 
is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Cottonwood  Creek 
and  the  Arkansas  River,  135  miles  from  Denver. 
The  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  and 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railways  both  pass 
through  the  city  on  their  route  to  Leadville.  Pop¬ 
ulation,  1,075.  There  are  several  hotels,  chief  of 
which  are  the  Grand  Park,  and  Lake  House,  with 
stores  of  all  kinds,  and  one  weekly  newspaper,  the 
Chaffee  County  Times,  recognized  as  a  very  relia¬ 
ble  paper  on  anything  pei'taining  to  mining  and  the 
country  generally.  There  are  four  mining  districts 
tributary  to  Buena  Yista;  Cottonwood,  to  the  west; 
Clear  Creek,  northwest;  Four  Mile,  northeast,  and 
Free  Gold,  southeast.  The  ores  are  silver,  gold 
and  lead,  low  grade  with  few  exceptions. 

The  city  is  surrounded  by  a  small  forest  of  pine 
and  cedar  trees,  and  the  streets  paved  with  loose 
boulders  of  all  sizes,  from  a  piece  of  chalk  to  the 
Rock  of  Ages,  Six  miles  west,  at  the  mouth  of 
Cottonwood  Canon,  is  Cottonwood  Hot  Springs; 
connected  by  hack;  fare  $1.,  or  $1.50  the  “round 
trip.“  See  “Post  Road”  No.  64.  Fare  from  Denver, 
$11.65.  Tours  5  and  6. 

Buckhorn — Is  on  the  Big  Thompson  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  Buckhorn  Creek,  in  a  farming  com¬ 
munity,  seven  miles  northwest  from  Loveland,  and 
sixteen  miles  south  from  Fort  Collins.  No  regu¬ 
lar  conveyance.  Tour  1. 

Buckskin  Joe — Park  county,  is  an  old  min¬ 
ing  camp  ten  miles  northwest  from  Fairplay, 
nearly  deserted. 

Buffalo — Weld  county,  is  situated  on  the 
north  side  of  the  South  Platte  River,  on  the  Jules- 
burgh  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  sixty 
miles  west  from  Julesburgh  and  forty-five  miles 
southwest  from  Sidney,  and  on  “ Post  Road”  No.  3. 
Stock-raising  is  the  only  occupation  of  the  few  set¬ 
tlers  in  the  vicinity. 

Buffalo  Springs — Postoffice  and  hotel,  Park 
county,  one  and  a  half  miles  northwest  of  Platte 
River  Station,  on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway.  Buffalo  Peak  just  to  the  west. 
Surroundings,  hay  and  stock  ranches.  Game, 
trout,  and  beautiful  mountain  and  plane  scenery. 
Distance  from  Denver,  114J  miles,  rail  and  hack,  via 
Platte  River  station,  rail,  113  miles,  by  hack  one  and 
a  half  miles.  Fare,  $9.80 ;  rail,  $9.55 ;  hack,  twenty- 
five  cents.  Tour  5. 

Burrow’s  Park — Some  times  called  Argen¬ 
tum,  Hinsdale  county,  is  a  small  mining  town,  situ¬ 
ated  on  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison  River,  twen¬ 
ty-one  miles  west  from  Lake  City.  The  park  in 
which  the  town  is  located  is  about  five  miles  in 
length  and  half  a  mile  in  width,  at  an  elevation  of 


10,700  feet.  Just  to  the  northeast  is  Red  Cloud  Peak, 
elevation,  14,002  feet,  and  on  the  southwest  Hardy’s 
Peak,  elevation  14,149  feet.  The  mines  are  also  very 
rich,  scores  of  which  run  from  $100  to  $600.  The  chief 
ones  are:  Undine,  Napoleon  and  Onida.  The  pop¬ 
ulation  of  the  camp  varies  from  fifty  to  one  hun¬ 
dred.  Assessment  work  occupies  most  of  the  peo¬ 
ple,  as  there  are  several  hundred  locations,  many  of 
which  “prospect”  well.  One  mile  above  the  town  is 
located  Reduction  Works,  where  the  rock  is  sepa¬ 
rated  from  the  mineral  by  jigs.  Burrow’s  Park  is 
reached  by  “Post  Road ”  No.  77.  Fare  from  Lake 
City,  $3;  from  Animas  Forks,  ten  miles,  fare,  $1.50. 

Byers— Arapahoe  county,  is  situated  on  west 
Bijou  Creek,  thirty-four  miles  east  from  Denver,  via 
Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway. 
Fare,  $2.10.  It  is  a  small  station,  with  a  scattered 
population  of  100  or  more,  all  of  whom  are  engaged 
in  stockraising.  Country,  a  rolling  prairie.  See 
Tour  4. 

Cactus — Pueblo  county,  112  miles  south  from 
Denver,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  and 
a  cactus  and  sage  brush  plateau.  Some  farming 
where  water  can  be  had  for  irrigation.  Fare,  $7.30; 
from  Pueblo,  eight  miles ;  fare,  50  cents.  Tour  6. 

Caddoa— Bent  county,  on  the  Arkansas  River 
and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  104 
miles  east  from  Pueblo,  in  an  agricultural  and  pas- 
torial  section.  Fare,  $5.90.  Tour  8. 

Camp  Willard  —  Gunnison  county,  is  on 
Cochetope  Creek,  fourteen  miles  southeast  from 
Gunnison  City,  where  discoveries  of  free  gold  bear¬ 
ing  quartz  were  made  in  August,  1880,  and  a  rush 
was  made  for  the  new  “diggings,”  which  resulted  in 
building  a  small  town,  christened  as  above.  We 
know  of  no  regular  conveyance  to  the  place,  and 
think  there  has  been  none  established. 

Canfield— Boulder  county,  is  a  small  post- 
office  station,  on  the  Boulder  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  thirty-six  miles  west  of  north 
from  Denver.  Fare,  $2.05.  Principal  occupation  of 
the  people  in  the  vicinity  is  farming,  stockraising 
and  eoal  mining. 

Canon  City — County  seat  of  Fremont  county, 
is  situated  on  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  very  “gate 
of  the  mountains.”  Altitude,  5,376  feet.  Population, 
1,848.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  settled,  and  situated  in 
the  midst  of  the  grandest,  most  varied,  and  beauti¬ 
ful  scenery  in  Colorado.  Twevle  miles  to  the  “Roy¬ 
al  Gorge,”  and  four  miles  to  Grape  Creek  Canon. 

The  greatest  portion  of  the  business  houses  and 
many  of  the  private  residences,  are  built  of  stone 
and  brick.  The  streets  are  broad,  and  bordered 
with  shade- trees.  Water  works  are  being  con¬ 
structed  with  a  reservoir,  ample  for  all  purposes, 
situated  135  feet  above  the  town.  There  are  several 
hotels,  principal  of  which  is  the  McClure,  two 
banks,  one  reduction  works,  a  large  flouring  mill, 
extensive  lumber  yards,  a  score  or  more  of  large 
wholesale  and  retail  business  houses,  and  two  weekly 
newspapers— the  Fremont  County  Times,  and  the 


82  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


NEEDLE  R0CK3 


Record.  Schools  are  of  the  first  order,  and  churches 
are  numerous  and  well  attended.  The  Odd  Fellows 
and  Masons  have  halls,  and  several  other  secret  or¬ 
ders  are  represented.  The  Fassett  Reduction  Works 
are  situated  here,  working  over  “tailings”  freighted 
from  other  reduction  works  in  the  mountains,  which 
yield,  by  their  process,  from  $70  to  $150  per  ton, 
silver. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  city  are  a  number  of  apple 
and  peach  orchards,  which  yield  bountifully,  and  of 
good  quality.  Grapes,  also,  do  well. 

The  State  Penitentiary  is  situated  just  above  the 
city ;  a  fine  large  stone  building,  in  which  are  incar¬ 
cerated  over  200  persons,  supported  by  the  State, 
most  of  whom  should  receive  a  sound  thrashing, 
and  be  turned  loose  to  earn  their  daily  bread. 

The  climate  of  Canon  is  remarkably  equible,  with 
little  snow  in  winter,  and  not  too  hot  in  summer. 

Half  a  mile  west- of  the  city,  just  above  the  Peni¬ 
tentiary,  near  the  railroad  track,  is  situated  the 
Soda  Springs,  surmounted  with  a  little  rustic  ai’bor. 
The  waters  are  ice-cold,  and  very  pleasant  to  the 
taste.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  about  one 
mile  from  the  city,  at  the  mouth  of  Grape  Creek,  are 
located  the  Hot  Springs,  which,  of  late  years,  have 
become  quite  celebrated.  These  waters  are  said  to 
possess  all  the  curative  properties  required  in  all 
cases  of  chronic,  cutaneous  and  blood  diseases ;  and 
being  located  in  so  charming  a  climate  as  this  lo¬ 
cality  affords,  should  alone  make  them  famous. 

The  following  is  an  analysis  of  one  gallon  of  water 
as  given  by  Prof.  Low,  of  the  Wheeler  Exploring 
Expedition : 


GRAINS  IN  A  GALLON  OF  WATER. 

Chloride  Sodium .  18.2 

Sulphate  Soda .  79.3 

Carbonate  Soda .  73.2 

Carbonate  Lime .  33.5 

Carbonate  Magnesia _  12.8 

Lithia . Traces 

Temperature,  104° .  217.0 

Ample  bath  accommodations 
are  provided  at  these  Springs, 
and  a  hack  runs  regularly  be¬ 
tween  the  Springs  and  city. 

One  of  the  sure  signs  of  pros¬ 
perity  noticeable  at  Canon  City 
is  there  are  no  buildings  “For 
Rent.” 

There  are  many  mines  located 
not  far  from  the  city,  but  the 
principal  occupations  of  the 
citizens  and  people  in  the  sur¬ 
rounding  country  are  connected 
with  agricultural  and  stock- 
raising  pursuits. 

Canon  City  is  on  the  line  of 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Rail¬ 
way,  between  Pueblo  and  Lead- 
ville,  and  also  at  the  junction  of 
the  Silver  Cliff  Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande. 
Distances:  From  Canon  to  Pueblo,  forty-one  miles; 
fare,  $4.10;  to  Leadville,  117  miles;  fare,  $11.80;  to 
Silver  Cliff,  thirty-one  miles;  fare,  $3.10;  to  Denver, 
161  miles;  fare,  $11.90.  See  “Post  Roads,”  Nos.  43, 
44,  45  and  46;  also  Tour  6. 

Capital  City  — Hinsdale  county,  is  a  small 
mining  camp,  beautifully  situated  on  Hansen  Creek, 
nine  miles  west  from  Lake  City,  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Uncompahgre  Mountains ;  altitude,  9,480 
.feet;  population,  100.  Work  has  demonstrated  that 
there  are  a  great  many  rich  mines  and  mining  “pros¬ 
pects”  near  the  camp,  but  the  owners  are  sitting 
and  fighting,  and  two  smelting  works  are  idle;  all 
waiting  for  something  to  turn  up.  In  a  mining 
country,  the  “dog  in  the  manger”  policy,  is  well  ex¬ 
emplified  ;  the  more  valuable  the  mines  and  propertv 
the  more  certain  they  are  to  be  tied  up  and  ruined 
by  quarreling  and  litigation.  The  “prospects”  for 
wealth  in  any  mining  camp,  were  seldom  brighter 
than  in  Capital  City,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
clouds  will  clear  away,  and  great  prosperity  result. 

Fare  from  Lake  City,  $1.50;  Post  Road,  No.  15; 
from  Ouray,  sixteen  miles,  by  trail;  from  Animas 
Forks,  twelve  miles,  fare  $1.75. 

Carbonateville — Summit  county,  is  situ¬ 
ated  at  the  foot  of  Ten  Mile  Pass,  one  mile  south¬ 
east  from  Robinson’s  Camp,  two  miles  south  from 
Kokomo,  and  eighteen  miles  north  from  Leadville. 
It  was  once  a  “booming”  camp  ,but  with  such  thrifty 
neighbors  as  Robinson  and  Kokomo  so  near,  the 
“boom”  was  of  short  duration.  Just  east  from  the 
town  site,  which  now  contains  only  a  store  and  half 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE.  83 


a  dozen  buildings,  is  the  once  famous  McNulty 
Gulch.  In  1860-2  this  gulch  was  a  noted  placer  min¬ 
ing  camp  and  yielded  a  large  amount  of  gold.  On 
Carbonate  Hill,  back  of  the  town,  are  located  sev¬ 
eral  carbonate  true  fissure  veins,  but  of  low  grade. 

Carbonateville,  Bobinson  (or  Ten  Mile)  and  Ko¬ 
komo,  are  all  situated  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  with 
Sheep  Mountains  on  the  west  and  Fletcher,  Pa¬ 
cific,  and  Bartlett  Peaks  on  the  east ;  close  beyond  is 
located  Breckenridge,  on.  the  Blue  Biver,  twelve 
miles  distant  by  saddle  trail ;  by  wagon  road,  via 
Frisco,  twenty-three  miles.  Fare  from  Leadville. 
via  Denver  &  Bio  Grande,  $1.25;  distance,  via 
stage  from  Georgetown,  forty- two  miles,  fare,  $6; 
from  Denver,  by  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Bailway  and  “High  Line”  stage,  ninety-four  miles ; 
total  fare,  $10.30.  Tour  6. 

Carnero — Saguache  county,  is  in  the  San 
Luis  Park,  on  the  stage  road  between  Saguache 
and  Del  Norte,  on  Carnero  Creek,  and  consists  of  a 
:  ranche  and  Postoffice.  The  waters  of  the  creek  are 
used  for  irrigating  a  few  hundred  acres  of  land 
where  good  wheat  and  vegetables  are  grown ;  oth¬ 
erwise,  stock-raising  is  the  occupation  of  the  peo¬ 
ple.  It  is  fourteen  miles  northeast  from  Del  Norte ; 
fare,  $2.10;  from  Saguache,  seventeen  miles,  south¬ 
west;  fare,  $2.50.  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  76  and  79. 

Carlisle  Springs— Pueblo  county,  a  small 
station  of  the  Denver  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  on 
;  the  Arkansas  Biver  bottom,  twenty  miles  west  from 
'  Pueblo;  fare,  $2.05.  Near,  is  located  a  spring  of 
mineral  water,  from  which  the  station  derives  its 
name.  The  surrounding  country  is  occupied  by  cat¬ 
tle  and  sheep  raisers. 

Caribou  —  Boulder 
county,  is  situated  to  the 
west  of  Nederland  four 
miles,  away  up  in  the 
mountains,  whgre,  if  you 
go  there,  you  will  have  to 
return  by  the  same  road 
you  went.  Altitude,  9,905 
feet.  Surrounded  by  snow 
peaks  and  timber  ridges. 

It  is  strictly  a  mining 
camp,  the  principal  one  in 
the  county;  has  a  stamp 
mill  and  one  concentrat¬ 
ing  works.  Population, 
about  300.  The  Caribou, 

Native  Silver,  Seven-thir¬ 
ty,  and  Blue  Bird,  are  the 
principal  mines  working. 

The  town  is  twenty-two 
miles  west  from  Boulder, 
by  stage  “Post  Boad”  No. 

10,  and  twenty-one  miles 
from  Central  City,  by 
stage  “Post  Boad”  No.  11 
From  Denver,  sixty  miles; 


fare,  by  rail  and  stage,  $7.85;  by  rail  $3.10,  stage 
$4.75. 

Carr — Weld  county,  is  a  small  station  on  the 
“D.  P.”  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  on  the  high 
prairie  between  Cache  a  la  Poudre  Biver  and  Chey¬ 
enne;  eighty-six  miles  north  from  Denver  and 
twenty  miles  south  from  Cheyenne.  Sheep  and 
cattle  possess  the  country,  with  an  occasional  an¬ 
telope,  and  cayote  wolves.  Fare  from  Denver,  $6. 
Tour  3. 

Castle  Rock— County  seat  of  Douglas  coun¬ 
ty,  is  situated  on  East  Plum  Creek  and  the  Denver 
&  Bio  Grande  Bail  way,  thirty- two  miles  south 
from  Denver;  fare,  $2.15.  Population,  about  250. 
The  Owen’s  House  is  the  principal  hotel,  and  the 
“Independent”  and  “Journal,"  both  weekly  papers, 
are  published  here.  Extensive  stone  quarries  of 
volcanic  rock  are  near  the  town,  which  supply  the 
greater  portion  of  what  is  used  for  rough  work  for 
the"  Union  Depot  and  other  buildings  in  Denver. 
Stock-raising  is  also  an  important  feature  at  this 
place.  Tour  6;  also,  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  33  and  34. 

It  is  claimed  that  there  are  rich  carbonates  near 
the  town,  but  no  developments  have  been  made 
up  to  this  time,  Dec.,  1880. 

Castle  Forks — Gunnison  county,  is  four¬ 
teen  miles  north  from  Bowman ;  a  new  and  thriving 
mining  camp  of  about  200 ;  receives  its  mail  from 
Bowman.  It  is  in  the  Castle  Fork  mining  dis¬ 
trict.  The  Eva  Bell,  is  one  of  the  principal  mines 
among  some  hundreds.  See  “Bowman.” 

Cascade — La  Plata  county,  is  a  lone  house 

postoffice  and  stage  station,  on  the  summit  of 


CACHE  LA  POUDKE  CANON,  AND  LONG'S  PEAK. 


;  84  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

Cascade  Hill  twenty-two  miles  south  of  Silverton, 
twenty-four  miles  north  from  Animas  City  and  fif¬ 
teen  miles  east  from  Rico.  The  scenery  of  the  lo¬ 
cality  is  very  wild  and  in  some  places,  exceed¬ 
ingly  beautiful.  It  is  two  miles  above  the  ziz-zag 
road  on  the  mountain  over  looking  the  grand 
canon  of  the  Rio  de  las  Animas,  one  of  the  most 
wonderful  gorges  in  Colorado.  The  river  at  this 
point  has  been  crowded  into  a  narrow  space  and 
the  valley  completely  out,  beside  which  rise  the 
vertical  canon  wall,  in  places,  2,000  feet,  their 
summits  covered  with  a  forest  of  spruce,  pine, 
and  cedar  trees,  and  the  rock  crevices  and  re¬ 
cesses  with  vines,  ferns,  mosses  and  countless 
flowers.  The  canon  is  about  twelve  miles  in  length, 
five  of  which  are  apparently  impassable  for  a  hum¬ 
ming  bird ;  yet,  when  we  were  along  that  way  in 
October,  1880,  that  wonderful  little  big  railroad 
company,  which  has  been  so  successful  in  climbing 
the  mountains  and  seeking  out  the  most  inaccessi¬ 
ble  places  in  Colorado,  has  found  this  one,  and 
filled  it  with  its  hardy  demons,  who  were  tear¬ 
ing  their  way  through,  with  a  noise  from  their 
blasts  and  a  smell  from  the  burning  sulphur,  tend¬ 
ing  strongly  to  the  inferno.  Through  this  canon 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway  will  reach  Sil¬ 
verton  before  the  close  of  1882,  and,  may  be  before 
no  “fella”  can  And  out.  It  will,  if  it  wants  to. 

The  wagon  road  from  Silverton  follows  down  the 
Animas  River  a  rugged  distance  of  twenty  miles 
and  then  swings  around  to  the  west  and  south  over 
Cascade  Hill  to  this  station,  and  thence  southward 
to  Animas  City.  Just  south  of  the  station  the  first 
of  the  “Cliff  Lakes”  is  reached.  They  consist  of  a 
chain  of  five  clear  and  lovely  sheets  of  water,  vary¬ 
ing  in  length  from  a  few  rods  to  half  a  mile,  and  in 
width  from  fifty  to  300  yards.  The  road  passes  along 
their  eastern  shore  through  tall  timber,  while  be¬ 
yond  their  western  banks  rise  huge  mountain  cliffs 
reflected  below,  the  surfaces  frequented  by  water- 
fowl.  These  lakes  are  devoid  of  fish,  are  shallow 
with  marshy  surroundings,  where  rank,  wild  grasses 
grow  in  great  profusion  among  the  willows,  reeds 
and  aspens. 

On  our  visit  to  these  lakes  we  were  surprised  to 
see  a  whole  family,  big  and  little,  wading  around 
the  lakes  cutting  the  grass  by  the  handfull  with 
common  table  knives.  When  we  settled  our  bill  at 
the  station  we  paid  five  cents  per  pound  for  the 
same  kind  of  hay.  This  family  had  gathered  about 
six  tons  and  said  they  should  secure  at  least  four 
more;  which,  at  five  cents,  $2,000,  will  pay  for  a  few 
week’s  work.  It  would  be  a  “big  thing”  for  a  Mor¬ 
mon  family;  one  of  ordinary  size  could  make  $20,- 
000  a  year.  By  this  we  are  reminded  to  say,  we 
found  throughout  the  whole  of  the  San  Juan  and 
Gunnison  country  that  hay  was  in  great  demand, 
selling  from  $100  to  $300  per  ton,  and  every  foot  of 
hay  producing  land  was  claimed  ind  guarded  with 
great  care.  Cascade  is  on  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  61  and 
68. 

Catlin  —  Bent  county,  is  on  the  south  side  of 

the  Arkansas  River,  on  the  line  of  the  Atchison,  To¬ 
peka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  twenty  miles  west  from 

La  Junta,  and  forty-four  miles  east  from  Pueblo. 
Some  fine  farms  along  the  river  where  irrigated,  but 
the  principal  occupation  of  the  few  settlers  is  stock- 
raising.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $2.50.  Tour  8. 

Catskill — Grand  county,  is  a  small  hamlet 
on  the  north  fork  of  the  Grand  River,  Baker’s  Gulch, 
six  miles  north  from  Grand  Lake,  and  five  miles 
south  from  Lulu.  See  “  Grand  Lake.” 

Cedar  Point  —  Elbert  county,  seventy-eight 
miles  east  from  Denver,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Di¬ 
vision,  Union  Pacific  Railway;  altitude  5,730  feet.  It 
is  situated  on  the  divide,  between  the  waters  that 
flow  north  and  south  to  the  Platte  and  Arkansas 
Rivers.  Stock-raising  wholly.  Fare,  $3.75.  Tour  4. 

Centreville — Chaffee  county,  population  166, 
is  on  Gas  Creek,  a  few  miles  west  of  the  Arkansas 
River,  where  are  some  good  agricultural  lands  when 
irrigated,  but  more  good  grass  lands,  upon  which 
range  cattle  and  sheep.  It  is  two  miles  south  from 
Nathrop,  and  fifteen  miles  north  from  South  Arkas- 
sas;  from  Denver,  233  miles;  fare,  $11.65. 

Central  City— is  the  county  seat  of  Gilpin 
county;  altitude,  8,516  feet;  being  540  feet  higher 
than  Black  Hawk.  The  city  has  a  permanent  pop¬ 
ulation  of  2,626,  and  like  the  people  of  Black  Hawk, 
two  miles  distant,  are  all  connected  with  the  min¬ 
ing  industry,  more  or  less.  The  Register,  a  daily 
and  weekly  newspaper,  enlightens  the  citizens  on 
the  news  of  the  day,  while  the  Teller  and  Granite 
hotels  provide  accommodations  for  the  traveling 
public.  Central  has  two  banks,  many  quartz  mills, 
numerous  churches  and  schools,  opera  house,  and 
some  fine  private  residences.  The  latter  are  scat¬ 
tered  around  about  the  hills,  rocks,  stumps  and 
prospect  holes,  in  the  most  irregular  order. 

Gilpin  County — Of  which  Central  is  the  commer¬ 
cial  center,  is  the  oldest,  and  perhaps  the  best  devel¬ 
oped  mining  portion  of  the  State  of  Colorado.  Pop¬ 
ulation,  6,487.  The  veins  are  all  true  fissures,  and 
there  are  many  shafts  down  to  the  depth  of  700  to 
1,200  feet.  The  people  are  generally  prosperous ; 
some  rich,  and  the  money  has  been  made  here.  The 
froth,  scum,  and  driftwood  of  civilization  incidental 
to  mining  camps,  has  long  since  floated  away  to 
“new  diggings,”  leaving  a  substantial  class  of  citi¬ 
zens,  any  one  of  whom  will  tell  you,  with  the  great¬ 
est  confidence,  “Gilpin  county  is  good  enough  for 
me !” 

Ores.— The  character  of  the  gold  ores  are  free 
milling,  white  quartz  and  surface  dirt.  Smelting 
material,  ore  galenous,  containing  copper  pyrites 
and  white  iron;  in  some  instances  a  black  oxide  of 
copper.  Silver  ores,  galenous,  with  gray  copper 
and  sulphurates,  the  latter  invariably  being  rich. 
This  is  a  great  characteristic  of  the  “Boss”  mine. 

Developments.— Nevada  District.  The  principal 
mines  are:  California,  depth  of  main  shaft,  1,065 
feet,  output  of  ore  daily,  fifty  tons,  producing 
monthly,  $12,000  in  mill  gold;  Kent  County,  shaft 

CROFUTT’ S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


740  feet  deep,  daily  output  of  ore  thirty  tons,  smelt¬ 
ing  and  milling;  Monmouth-Kansas,  depth  of  shaft, 
1,140  feet,  producing  forty  tons  of  ore  daily;  Hidden 
Treasure,  depth  of  shaft  1,040  feet,  output  fifty  tons 
daily;  La  Crosse-Burroughs,  depth  of  shaft  500  feet, 
output  of  ore  twenty-five  tons  daily ;  Mackey-Bur- 
roughs,  depth  of  shaft  450  feet,  daily  output,  thirty 
tons;  Jones  Mine,  depth  of  shaft  500  feet,  daily  out¬ 
put  of  ore  twenty  tons ;  The  American  Flag,  depth 
of  shaft  400  feet,  output,  twenty-five  tons  daily; 
English-Kansas,  depth  of  shaft  500  feet,  daily  output 
twenty  tons ;  Kails  County,  shaft  400  feet  deep,  daily 
output  ten  tons,  and  the  Forks  Lode,  700  feet  deep, 
output  ten  tons  daily. 

Russell  District. —Leavenworth,  Ayres,  Taylor 
property,  650  feet  in  length,  depth  of  shaft  320  feet, 
output,  twenty-five  tons  daily;  Wyndotte,  400  feet 
in  depth,  output,  ten  tons  daily,  while  developing 
new  grounds ;  Pewabic,  depth  of  shaft  400  feet,  out¬ 
put  twenty  tons  daily,  while  sinking;  Iron  Mine, 
depth  of  shaft  240  feet,  output  fifteen  tons  daily; 
Hazeltine,  depth  of  shaft  300  feet,  output  ten  tons 
daily;  War  Dance,  200  feet  deep,  output  eight  tons 
daily;  Silver  Dollar,  140  feet  deep,  output  five  tons 
per  day  while  developing;  Topeka,  main  shaft  250 
feet  deep,  output  fifteen  tons  daily;  Perrin;  180  feet 
depth  of  shaft,  daily  output  five  tons;  and  the  Lil¬ 
lian,  200  feet  in  depth,  output  ten  tons  daily. 

Lake  District. — The  principal  mine  is  the  Will¬ 
iams  property,  depth  of  shaft  500  feet,  output  twenty 
tons  daily. 

Gregory  District.  —  Gregory  Lode,  two  shafts 
down  respectively  940  and  700  feet,  daily  output  of 
ore  fifty  tons ;  Gregory  East,  shaft  800  feet  in  depth, 
output  of  ore  forty  tons  daily. 

Enterprise  District.  —  Consolidated  Bobtail, 
worked  through  Bobtail  tunnel,  500  feet  below  tun¬ 
nel  level,  total  below  surface  1,000  feet,  output  of 
ore  125  tons  daily,  employing  125  stamps,  the  largest 
in  the  State ;  East  Bobtail,  depth  of  shaft  800  feet, 
output  twenty-five  tons  daily  while  exploring  new 
grounds,  the  mine  and  smelting  ore  rich  in  gold; 
The  Hope,  depth  of  shaft  160  feet,  output  five  tons 
daily;  The  Gunnell,  on  Gunnell  Hill,  in  limits  of 
Central,  840  feet  deep,  output  fifty  tons  daily.  In  the 
Silver  District  the  Hardmoney,  Toronto,  Cyclops, 
Fanny  and  Boss  lodes  have  a  daily  output  of  ore 
averaging  fifty  tons.  There  are  many  other  lodes 
being  worked  whose  daily  output  will  run  from  four 
to  ten  tons. 

Concentration  of  Ores.— Humphrey’s  Concentra¬ 
tion  Works,  at  Black  Hawk,  is  the  only  enterprise 
of  the  kind  in  the  country.  It  has  a  capacity  of 
sixty  tons  per  day.  The  Hazeltine  Company  in  Rus¬ 
sell,  are  erecting  works  of  this  character,  which  are 
to  have  a  capacity  of  thirty  tons  per  day.  Just  be¬ 
low  the  Hazeltine,  the  Ilarkaway  Company  has  a 
ten-stamp  mill,  with  a  patent  amalgamating  pro¬ 
cess,  but  it  has  not  yet  succeeded  in  the  treatment 
of  the  refractory  ores  of  the  county. 

Stamps. — There  are  twenty  mills  now  in  operation 
in  Gilpin  county,  aggregating  819  stamps,  and  several 


85 


more  nearly  completed,  that  will  make  eighty  more. 
Besides  these,  the  Hidden  Treasure  Company  are 
erecting  a  fifty  stamp  mill  in  the  upper  part  of  Black 
Hawk,  and  near  by  the  Midas  Company  are  erect¬ 
ing  a  forty  stamp  mill,  and  the  GreatRepublic  Com¬ 
pany  are  erecting  a  fifty  stamp  mill  in  Russell. 
When  these  mills  are  completed,  as  they  will  be 
early  in  the  spring  of  1881,  the  total  number  of 
stamps  in  operation,  night  and  day,  in  Gilpin  county 
will  be  1,039,  distributed  among  twenty-five  mills. 

We  give  below  the  amount  of  gold  and  silver  ta¬ 
ken  from  the  mines  in  Gilpin  county,  since  1871, 
previous  to  which  time  there  is  no  authentic  record: 

1872  .  $1,389,289 

1873  .  1,530,009 

1874  .  1,631,863 

1875  .  1,763,985 

1876  .  2,240,000 

1877  .  2,203,037 

1878  . 2,257,000 

1879  .  2,431,291 

1880  .  2,680,090 

Nine  years . $18,126,564 

Most  of  the  “tailings”  from  the  mills  in  Gilpin 
county  are  shipped  to  the  furnaces  at  Argo  and 
Pueblo,  and  sold  for,  from  $7  to  $29  per  ton. 

Placer  Mines.— Nearly  411  the  placer  mines  in 
Gilpin  county,  that  were  once  very  productive  and 
entered  into  the  statistics  of  the  county,  are  now  in 
the  hands  of  eleven  Chinese  companies,  under  the 
direction  of  Messrs.  Au  Poy  and  Yong  Bong. 

Central  City  is  at  the  terminus  of  the  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  thirty-nine  miles 
west  from  Denver,  seven  miles  north  from  Idaho 
Springs,  twenty-one  miles  northeast  from  George¬ 
town,  one  mile  from  Nevadaville,  thirteen  miles 
south  from  Rollinsville,  and  twenty-three  miles 
west  from  Golden.  Fares: — Denver,  by  rail,  $3.10; 
Idaho  Springs,  daily  stage,  seven  miles,  $1.00;  “Post 
Road”  No.  11;  Rollinsville,  thirteen  miles,  $2.00; 
Nederland,  seventeen  miles;  fare,  $2.50.  Caribou, 
twenty-one  miles;  fare,  $4.75.  “Busses”  from  depot, 
fifty  cents.  Tour  2. 

Chambers — Larimer  county,  is  a  new  post 
office  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Cache  la  Poudre 
River,  surrounded  by  mountains,  where  are  some 
good  mineral  “prospects.”  It  is  twenty  miles  south¬ 
west  from  Elkhorn  and  forty-five  miles  north  of 
west  from  Fort  Collins.  Has  no  established  line  of 
communications. 

Chaffee  —  Cliaffee  county,  both  named  for 
Senator  Chaffee,  is  situated  two  miles  southwest 
from  Garfield,  at  the  eastern  foot  of  Monarch  Pass, 
surrounded  by  high  mountains.  The  place  was 
once  called  Monarch.  It  is,  like  its  namesake,  very 
pretentious;  again  like  him,  with  ample  wealth  in 
mines  to  its  back.  Its  principal  mines  are  the  Mon¬ 
arch  and  Smith  &  Grey. 

Near  this  place,  game  of  all  kinds  abounds.  Dis¬ 
tance,  nine  miles  from  Marysville,  by  hack;  fare, 
$1.00.  See  “  Marij  sville"  for  further  fares. 


86  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Cheyenne  Wells — Is  in  Bent  county,  on  the 
line  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  176  miles  east  from  Denver;  fare,  $8.80. 
The  country  is  wholly  occupied  by  stock-raisers, 
cattle,  sheep,  etc.  Tour  4. 

Cherry  Creek— Arapahoe  county,  is  a  small 
postoffice  on  Cherry  Creek,  thirteen  miles  southeast 
from  Denver,  on  “Post  Road”  No.  32.  Rare,  $2.00. 

Chloride — Summit  county,  is  a  small  mining 
camp  on  Blue  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Spruce  Creek. 
It  was  a  placer  mining  camp  in  1860-1,  and  some 
work  has  been  done  there  every  year  since.  Re¬ 
cently,  several  rich  fissure  mines  have  been  discov¬ 
ered  there,  and  good  carbonate  prospects.  It  is  four 
miles  south  from  Breckenridge.  No  regular  con¬ 
veyance.  See  distance  and  fares  to  “ Breckenridge .” 

Cliicosa — Las  Animas  county,  on  Chicosa 
Creek  and  the  El  Moro  branch  of  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  on  a  rolling  prairie  where  the 
only  productions  are  cattle,  sheep,  etc.  It  is  seven¬ 
ty-eight  miles  from  Pueblo  and  189  miles  to  Denver. 
Fare  from  Pueblo,  $7.90;  from  Denver,  $15.75. 
Tour  7. 

Cliico — Pueblo  county,  on  the  Arkansas  Biv- 
er,  is  a  small  station  on  the  line  of  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  fourteen  miles  east 
from  Pueblo;  fare,  seventy-five  cents.  Tour  8. 

Chimney  Gulch — Jefferson  county,  a  small 
station  on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  three  miles  west 
from  Golden.  Trains  seldom  stop.  Distance  from 
Denver,  eighteen  miles ;  fare,  $1.10.  Tour  2. 

Chihuahua — Summit  county,  situated  on 


Middle  Snake  River  one  and  a  half  miles  west  from 
Decatur,  and  three  miles  north  from  Montezuma. 
Like  Decatur,  it  is  a  mining  camp,  surrounded  by 
high  mountain's  and  in  the  tall  timber.  Population 
about  200.  Several  stores,  one  sawmill  and  one  re¬ 
duction  works  comprise  the  town.  The  ores  are  sil¬ 
ver,  gold,  copper  and  lead,  and  run  from  $60  to  $7,000 
per  ton.  The  principal  working  mines  are,  Peru¬ 
vian,  Grey  Eagle,  Silver  King,  Medina,  Mammoth, 
Orphan  Boy,  Eliza  Jane,  and  the  Little  Lee  Prop¬ 
erties.  Besides  these,  there  are  hundreds  of  lodes, 
that  assay  equally  rich,  that  are  not  developed  to 
any  extent.  Hotels  are  Chihuahua  and  Snively. 
New  buildings  are  going  up  on  all  sides,  and  every 
appearance  indicates  a  prospering  community. 

Chihuahua  is  fifteen  miles  from  Georgetown,  via 
Argentine  Pass.  Fare  $2.50.  “Post  Road ”  No.  14.  I 
Summer  route  only.  By  “High  Line”  from  George¬ 
town,  twenty-seven  miles,  daily;  fare,  $5.  From 
Denver,  seventy-nine  miles,  via  Colorado  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway  and  stage;  fare,  $9.30.  “Posi 
Road”  No,  13. 

Choclietope — Saguache  county,  is  in  the 
western  portion  of  the  county,  on  Los  Pinos  Creek. 
Altitude,  9,088  feet.  It  is  the  location  of  the  old 
Ute  Indian  Agency,  forty  miles  west  from  Saguache, 
twenty-five  miles  south  from  Gunnison  City,  and 
forty  miles  by  road  to  Lake  City.  Fare  from  Sa¬ 
guache,  $6.00.  “Post  Road”  No.  76  and  79. 

Church’s — Is  a  small  station  on  the  Colo¬ 
rado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  in  Jefferson 
county,  on  Dry  Creek,  twenty-nine  miles  northwest 
from  Denver ;  fare,  $1.40.  It  is  wholly  a  farming  and 
stock-raising  community.  It  is  in  a  region  where 

irrigation  was  first  resorted  to 
in  Colorado,  for  which  purpose 
ditches  take  the  water  from  Ral¬ 
ston  and  Clear  creeks.  Tour  1. 

Cleora  —  Chaffee  county, 
fifty-four  miles  west  from  Canon 
City,  and  two  miles  south  from 
South  Arkansas,  on  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway.  This 
was  once  a  place  of  “great  ex¬ 
pectations,”  but  now  is  almost 
deserted.  Distance  to  Canon 
City,  fifty-four  miles ;  fare  $5.40 ; 
from  South  Arkansas,  two  miles, 
fare  twenty  cents;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  215  miles;  fare,  $17.30. 
Tour  6. 

Clinton — Custer  county,  is 
situated  on  the  stage  road  be¬ 
tween  Canon  City  and  Silver 
Cliff.  The  place  has  a  post- 
office,  stage  station,  saw  mill, 
and  one  store.  Distant,  twenty 
miles  south  from  Canon  City, 
by  stage;  fare,  $2.50,  and  nine 
miles  northeast  from  Silver 
Cliff;  fare,  $1.50.  From  Den- 


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YIEW  NEAR  GARDEN  OF  THE  GODS. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


87 


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ver,  180  miles;  fare,  by  rail  and  stage, 
$14.40.  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  45  and  46. 

Clear  Lake — See  “ Green  Lake” 
and  Georgetown.” 

Cloud  City  — Gunnison  county,  is 
a  small  mining  camp,  six  miles  north¬ 
east  from  Irwin,  reached  by  trail.  See 
“Irwin.” 

Coal  Junction — Fremont  county, 
is  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Coal  Creek 
Branch,  thirty-three  miles  west  from 
Pueblo,  and  eight  miles  east  from  Canon 
City.  Extensive  coal  mines  are  located 
south,  at  Coal  Creek,  three  miles,  that 
are  practically  inexhaustible.  Fare  from 
Pueblo,  $3.30;  and  from  Canon  City, 
eight  miles,  fare,  eighty  cents;  Denver, 
153  miles,  fare,  $11.10.  “Tour”  6. 

Coal  Creek  —  Situated  on  the 
creek  of  that  name,  in  Fremont  county, 
thirty-five  miles  west  from  Pueblo,  and 
ten  miles  southeast  from  Canon  City. 
Here  are  located  the  most  extensive 
coal  mines  in  the  State ;  reached  by  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railways.  Fare 
from  Pueblo,  $3.50;  from  Canon  City, 
ten  miles,  fare  $1 ;  from  Denver,  155 
miles,  fare,  $11.30.  Tour  6. 

Cockrell  —  Conejos  county,  is  a 
small  hamlet  on  the  Rio  Alamosa,  twen¬ 
ty-five  miles  south  of  west  from  Alamosa, 
in  a  section  of  country  devoted  princi¬ 
pally  to  sheep  and  cattle  raising.  There 
is  no  established  conveyance.  See  “Ala¬ 
mosa,”  for  the  fares. 

Colorado  Springs — County  seat 
of  El  Paso  county,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  seventy  -  five  miles 
south  from  Denver,  and  forty-five  miles 
north  from  Pueblo;  population,  4,274. 
This  city  was  laid  out  in  July,  1871,  and 
settled  by  the  Fountain  Colony.  It  is 
situated  on  a  high,  broad  plateau,  to  the 
east  of,  and  about  one-half  mile  above 
the  junction  of  Monument  Creek  from 
the  north,  with  the  Fountain  Qui  Bouille, 
from  the  west. 

The  citizens  have  erected  some  fine 
buildings,  which  include  a  college, 
churches,  banks,  schools,  hotels,  and 
many  private  residences.  The  streets 
are  100  feet  broad,  and  the  avenues  150 
in  width,  with  sidewalks  twelve  feet 
wide.  Along  the  avenues  rows  of  trees 
have  been  set  out  near. the  sidewalks, 
and  little  streams  of  water  are  rippling 
along  beside  them,  from  the  large  canals 
built  by  the  citizens  for  irrigating  pur- 


88  CROFUT  T’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


poses.  Colorado  Springs,  like  Greeley,  is  a  tem¬ 
perance  town,  so  organized  that  parties  purchasing 
lots,  forfeit  their  purchase  if  they  sell  liquor  on 
the  premises,  and  unless  you  can  procure  a  physi¬ 
cian’s  prescription,  or  know  how  to  “stand  in”  with 
the  druggists,  not  a  drop  of  liquor  can  be  obtained; 
but  then,  the  Manitou  Springs  are  only  five  miles 
away,  and  the  waters  are  to  be  had  at  the  hotels, 
where  it  is  brought  fresh  every  day,  for  the  ac¬ 
commodation  of  the  guests.  The  waters  exhilerate, 
but  do  not  intoxicate.  There  are  several  hotels  in 
the  city,  but  there  is  little  choice  between  them. 
The  National  and  the  Springs,  are  the  best  known. 
The  Gazette,  a  spicy  daily,  and  the  Mountaineer,  a 
weekly,  are  newspapers  published  here. 

The  principal  mercantile  business  of  the  city  is 
with  the  mining  region  of  the  South  Park  via  the 
Ute  Pass  wagon-road,  which  leaves  the  city  for  the 
west,  and  proceeds  up  Fountain  Creek  and  over  the 
mountains  to  the  north  and  west  of  Pike’s  Peak. 
See  Illustration,  page  87. 

The  scenery  viewed  from  Colorado  Springs  is 
exceedingly  grand.  To  the  west  “Pike’s  Peak”  rises 
full  in  view,  from  base  to  summit;  altitude,  14,336 
feet,  or  6,308  feet  higher  than  the  city.  In  the  vicin¬ 
ity  are  some  of  the  most  delightful  drives  and  ram¬ 
bles:  Manitou,  five  miles;  Garden  of  the  Gods,  three 
and  one-half  miles;  Cheyenne  Canon,  five  miles; 
Summit  of  “Pike’s  Peak,”  fifteen  miles,  etc.,  etc. 

;  With  first-class  hotel  accommodations,  this  city 
woidd  soon  be  one  of  the  most  attractive  of  summer 
resorts  in  America.  Here,  now,  is  an  opportunity  for 
an  enterprising,  live,  hotel  man  to  make  a  fortune. 
Colorado  Springs  is  the  junction  of  the  Manitou 
Branch  of  the  Rio  Grande  Railway.  Distance,  sev¬ 
enty-five  miles  from  Denver;  fare,  $4.90;  from  Pu¬ 
eblo,  forty-five  miles;  fare,  $2.90;  from  Manitou,  five 
miles;  fare,  twenty-five  cents.  See  “Post  Roads,” 
Nos.  37  and  43.  Distance  from  Canon  City,  by 
stage,  along  the  side  of  the  mountains  via  Beaver 
Creek,  forty-five  miles ;  fare  $3,  or  $5  the  “round 
j  trip.”  Tour  6. 

Colorado  City — El  Paso  county,  is  situated 
on  Fountain  Qui  Bouille  Creek,  and  the  Manitou 
Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  be¬ 
tween  Colorado  Springs  and  Manitou,  seventy-eight 
miles  south  from  Denver;  fare,  $5.09.  It  is  on  a 
high  plateau,  directly  facing  Pike’s  Peak,  and  prom¬ 
ised,  at  one  time  in  its  history,  to  make  a  city  of 
some  importance.  It  was  the  first  settlement  in  the 
“Pike’s  Peak  gold  mines”  in  1858;  was  once  the  Cap¬ 
itol  of  the  Territory,  with  a  population  of  several 
!  hundred,  but  note,  perhaps,  100,  most  of  whom  are 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  and  stock-raising. 
Tour  6. 

Como — Park  county,  population  500,  situated 
on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
eighty-eight  miles  from  Denver.  It  is  an  eating  sta¬ 
tion  and  the  junction  of-  the  Breckenridge  Branch, 
now  building,  which  makes  the  town  a  lively  one. 
Extensive  coal  mines  are  located  near  the  town; 


also  some  rich  quartz  mines  a  few  miles  to  the  west¬ 
ward.  The  coal  vein  is  from  seven  to  ten  feet  in 
thickness,  of  good  coking  quality,  owned  by  the 
Railroad  Company,  who  use  large  quantities  of  it, 
and  ship  much  more.  Como  is  reached  by  daily 
trains ;  fare,  $7.35.  See  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  20  and  41. 
Tour  5. 

Conger — Summit  county,  is  a  small  mining 
and  lumbering  camp,  situated  on  the  stage  road  be¬ 
tween  Como  and  Breckenridge,  four  miles  south¬ 
east  of  the  latter,  in  a  forest  of  the  finest  timber. 
A  large  saw  mill,  store,  post  office  and  a  score  or 
more  of  other  buildings,  comprise  the  camp.  Some 
placer  mining  in  the  vicinity,  and  many  very  valu¬ 
able  lode  mines,  which  carry  ruby  and  brittle  silver, 
silver  glance,  .copper,  and  black  sulphurets.  As¬ 
says  run  from  $200,  all  along  up  to  $22,000  to  the  ton. 
Several  of  the  officials  of  the  old  Hannibal  &  St. 
Joseph  Railroad  are  interested  in  the  mines  in  this 
locality,  as  well  as  that  old  pioneer,  Wm.  N.  Byers, 
postmaster  of  Denver,  and  Major  Hill,  of  the  post- 
office  department. 

This  camp  is  in  the  midst  of  the  finest  game 
range  in  the  State,  where  deer,  bear,  elk  and  moun¬ 
tain  sheep  are  numerous,  and  an  occasional  moun¬ 
tain  lion  and  grizzly.  Conger  is  thirteen  miles  from 
Como ;  fare,  $2 ;  from  Breckenridge,  fare  fifty  cents. 
Distance  from  Denver,  via  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  daily  coach,  102  miles; 
total  fare,  $9.35. 

Conejos — County  seat  of  Conejos  county,  is 
situated  on  the  broad  plains  of  San  Luis  Park,  on 
the  Conejos  River,  in  the  richest  section  of  South¬ 
ern  Colorado ;  population,  600.  It  is  an  old  Spanish- 
Mexican  town,  built  mostly  of  adobe,  or  sun-dried 
brick,  and  is  about  fifteen  miles  west  from  the  Rio 
Grande  Del  Norte,  one  mile  north  from  San  Antonio, 
and  twenty-eight  miles  southwest  from  Alamosa. 
The  citizens  are  about  equally  divided  in  stock- 
raising  and  farming,  and  some  fine  crops  are  grown 
in  the  vicinity.  The  buildings  surround  a  “plaza,” 
in  true  Mexican  style,  many  of  which  look  neat  and 
comfortable.  Hacks  run  hourly  between  the  city 
and  San  Antonio,  the  railroad  station ;  fare,  twenty- 
five  cents;  from  Denver,  280  miles,  fares,  rail  and 
hack,  $30.05.  Tour  No  7.  See  “Post  Roads ”  Nos.  21 
and  73. 

Cornwall — Rio  Grande  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  camp,  twenty  miles  south  from  Del  Norte,  and 
forty-two  miles  west  from  Alamosa,  on  Alamosa 
Creek,  at  an  altitude  of  9,143  feet.  It  is  on  the  old 
government  wagon  road,  from  Fort  Garland  to  Pa- 
gosa  Springs.  This  road  has  long  been  abandoned, 
out  of  repair,  and  impassable  for  wagons  beyond 
the  town,  to  the  westward.  The  mails  are  trans¬ 
ported  on  a  bronco,  straddled  by  a  “fifteenth  amend¬ 
ment.” 

Cottonwood  Springs  —  Chaffee  county, 
post  office  and  hotel— Summer  House.  It  is  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  Cottonwood  Canon,  on  Cottonwood 
Creek,  six  miles  west  of  Buena  Vista,  with  which  it 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


is  connected  by  hack;  fare,  $1.00,  or  $1.50  “round 
trip.”  Altitude  of  Springs,  8,000  feet;  temperature, 
from  132°  to  150°.  Analysis  could  not  be  obtained. 
These  waters  are  recommended  for  rheumatism  and 
kindred  diseases,  and  are  said  to  possess  remarka¬ 
ble  medicinal  qualities.  Cottonwood  Lake  is  twelve 
miles  west.  Distance  from  Denver,  141  miles— 135 
miles  by  rail,  and  six  miles  by  hack.  Bail  fare, 
$11.65;  hack,  $1.00;  to  Leadville,  forty-three  miles; 
fare,  $4.50.  Tours  5  and  6. 

Cottonwood — Gilpin  county,  a  small,  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bail¬ 
way,  on  North  Clear  Creek,  thirty  miles  west  from 
Denver.  Fare,  $2.35.  Tours  1  and  2. 

Cottonwood  Lake  —  Chaffee  county,  is 
twelve  miles  west  from  Buena  Yista,  in  Cottonwood 
Canon,  a  little  south  of  the  wagon  road  over  Cotton¬ 
wood  Pass.  It  is  a  fine  body  of  water,  full  of  nice 
trout,  supplied  with  boats  and  fair  hotel  accommo¬ 
dations.  The  mountains  are  stocked  with  game, 
such  as  deer,  elk,  bear,  grouse,  and  an  occasional 
grizzly.  The  scenery  at  the  lake,  and  surrounding 
country  is  very  grand.  Distance  from  Denver,  147 
miles  by  rail;  fare,  $11.65;  to  Buena  Yista,  twelve 
miles,  by  hack,  uncertain ;  fare,  $1.50. 

Cotopaxi — Fremont  county,  a  small  post- 
office  town  of  200  people,  is  situated  on  the  Arkan¬ 
sas  Biver,  and  the  Denver  &  Bio  Grand  Bailway, 
thirty-five  miles  west  from  Canon  City,  at  the  mouth 
of  Carroll  Creek.  The  principal  business  of  the  set¬ 
tlers  is  mining,  lumbering  and  stock-raising.  The 
principal  mines  are  Cotopaxi,  and  Lynn  Company’s 
mines.  The  ores  are  galena,  zinc,  grey  copper  and 
copper  glance.  Hunting  and  fishing  is  very  good  in 
this  vicinity.  Fare  from  Canon  City,  $4.15.  Tour  6. 

Cotton  Creek — Saguache  .county,  is  situ¬ 
ated  on  the  creek  of  that  name  in  San  Luis  Park,  at 
the  western  base  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Moun¬ 
tains,  sixteen  miles  east  from  Saguache,  two  miles 
south  from  Bismarck,  ten  miles  south  from  Yilla. 
Grove.  It  is  a  stock-raising  section  of  country, 
principally;  some  farming  along  the  creek,  where 
water  can  be  had  for  irrigating.  Fare  to  Yilla  Grove, 
$1.50;  South  Arkansas,  thirty  miles,  $4.80;  Denver, 
via  rail  and  stage,  255  miles,  total  fare,  $17.80.  “Post 
Roads ”  Nos.  56  and  79. 

Creswell — Jefferson  county,  is  situated  six 
miles  south  from  Beaver  Brook,  a  station  on  the  Col¬ 
orado  Division  of  the  Union  Pacific  Bailway.  It  is 
in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  little  park,  surrounded 
by  the  finest  timber  in '  Colorado,  and  where  the 
hunters  can  find  an  abundance  of  game.  Several 
saw  mills  in  the  vicinity,  and  fine  prospects  for  good 
mines  of  silver  and  copper.  It  is  a  beautiful  place 
to  rest  awhile  in  the  summer,  and  by  one  writer  is 
called  “a  very  Garden  of  Eden.” 

There  is  no  regular  conveyance.  Mails  are  taken 
in  by  saddle-animals.  Fare  to  Beaver  Brook  from 
Denver,  $1.55.  Tour  2. 

Crested  Butte — Gunnison  county,  altitude 
8,780  feet,  is  a  small  mining  camp  where  are  located 


89 


one  sampling  works,  three  stores,  the  Forest  Queen 
Hotel,  and  a  score  of  saloons,  restaurants  and  shops ; 
population,  about  200.  Placer  mines  are  worked 
near  the  town,  on  Slate  and  Coal  Creeks,  at  the 
junction  of  which  the  town  is  located.  Some  placer 
mining  is  done  along  Slate  Creek,  and  a  number  of 
lode  mines  are  in  the  vicinity ;  but  very  little  work 
has  been  done  in  developing  them,  further  than  the 
necessary  assessment  work  to  perfect  the  titles. 
Bich  “prospects”  are  said  to  be  found  on  all  sides. 
Some  good  coal  mines  are  situated  just  above  the 
town,  but  as  the  demand  is  limited,  they  are  only 
worked  sufficiently  to  supply  home  consumption. 

The  town  was  named  for  Crested  Butte  Peak, 
half-mile  to  the  eastward,  which  derived  its  name 
from  the  peculiar  crested  appearance  which  it  pre¬ 
sents.  The  Peak  is  12,052  feet  above  sea  level,  and 
3,302  feet  above  the  city.  It  is  nearly  round,  slop¬ 
ing  on  the  north  side,  and  nearly  perpendicular  on 
the  others,  with  huge  ravines  and  gulches  on  all 
sides,  between  which,  around  the  sumn^t,  rise 
spires,  castellated  rocks,  domes,  and  pinnh'Cles  in 
numberless  forms  and  colorings,  which,  with  pines, 
cedars,  aspens,  creeping  vines,  shrubs  and  countless 
flowers  of  every  hue  and  shade,  above,  below,  and 
on  all  sides,  present  a  scene  of  beauty  and  grand¬ 
eur  that  no  pen  can  portray,  or  mind  conceive. 

Once  upon  the  summit  of  Crested  Butte,  the  view 
of  the  surrounding  country  is  very  extended,  pre¬ 
senting  a  vast  wilderness  of  mountains,  valleys, 
rocks,  forests,  grassy  plateaus,  yawning  canons  and 
distant  snow-clad  peaks,  bewildering,  awe  inspir¬ 
ing,  beyond  description. 

The  town  of  Crested  Butte  is  distant  from  Jack’s 
Cabin,  twelve  miles ;  Gothic,  by  trail,  seven  miles ; 
by  wagon  road,  twenty  miles ;  Irwin,  eight  miles ; 
Haverly,  seven  miles;  Gunnison  City,  thirty-six 
miles;  Buena  Yista,  sixty-seven  miles,  by  wagon 
road ;  by  stage  route,  via  Gunnison  City,  133  miles. 
Fare  from  Gunnison  City,  $5.00.  See  fares  to  Gun¬ 
nison  City.  “Post Roads”  Nos.  64,  65  and  79. 

Crisman — Boulder  county,  is  west  from  Boul¬ 
der  City  six  miles,  on  Four  Mile  Creek.  It  consists 
of  post  office,  store,  one  concentrating  mill,  and 
scores  of  mines,  tunnels,  and  “prospects”  in  every 
direction.  From  Boulder  City,  by  stage,  fare  sev¬ 
enty-five  cents.  See  “Post  Roads ”  No.  8. 

Crookville — -Gunnison  county,  is  on  Tomichi 
Creek,  and  the  Marshall  Pass  Boad,  forty-three 
miles  west  from  South  Arkansas,  and  twenty-four 
miles  east  from  Gunnison  City.  Stock-raising  is 
the  principal  pursuit  of  the  fifty  or  more  people  in  the 
vicinity.  Fare  from  South  Arkansas,  coach,  $6.50; 
from  Denver,  260  miles,  via  Denver  &  Bio  Grande 
Bailway,  and  stage,  total,  $18.15.  “Post  Roads ” 
No.  79. 

Crossons —  Jefferson  county,  Platte  Canon. 
This  is  now  an  important  station  on  the  South  Park 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  forty-eight  miles 
from  Denver;  fare,  $3.75.  Here  are  located  the 
Saxonia  Works.  They  are  neither  smelters  nor 
crushers.  The  establishment  is  a  lead  bullion  re- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


CATARACT  GORGE,  NEAR  CROSSONS. 

finery,  by  the  oxydation  or  Patterson  process,  as 
known  in  Europe.  They  are  the  only  works  of  the 
kind  in  this  country.  They  are  capable  of  treating 
200  tons  of  lead  bullion  per  day,  employing  about 
twenty-six  men,  and  consuming  forty  tons  of  coal 
every  twenty-four  hours. 

Several  mines  are  being  worked  in  the  vicinity, 
which  yield  from  $50  to  $100  per  ton,  among  which 
are  the  Uncle  Robert,  Good  Friday,  Uncle  Joseph, 
Rebellious,  and  several  others.  The  ores  run  prin¬ 
cipally  in  gold.  Some  are  rich  in  galena.  There  are 
a  great  many  rich  “prospects”  in  the  neighborhood, 
but  no  developments  beyond  assessment  work. 

The  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  Crossons  is  very 
grand,  and  to  the  northward  game,  such  as  deer,  elk 
and  bear,  tempt  the  hunter. 

This  place  is  destined,  from  present  prospects,  to 
be  a  very  important  mining  town.  Tour  5. 

Cucliaras — (Pronounced  Q-charr-us,)  Huer¬ 
fano  county,  situated  on  a  high,  rolling  prairie,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  at  the  junction 
of  the  El  Moro  Branch,  forty- nine  miles  south  of 
Pueblo,  and  169  miles  from  Denver.  Stock-raising  is 


the  only  occupation  of  the  set¬ 
tlers  in  the  surrounding  coun¬ 
try.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $4.95; 
from  Denver,  169  miles,  fare, 
$12.75.  Tour  7. 

Current  Creek  —  Post 
office,  on  Current  Creek,  Fre¬ 
mont  county,  twelve  miles  from 
Canon  City,  on  the  wagon  road 
to  South  Park.  Cattle-ranches, 
interesting  scenery,  game,  trout, 
etc.  Distance  from  Denver,  via 
Canon  City,  173  miles,  by  rail 
and  stage;  via  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  to  Canon  City> 
161  miles,  stage  twelve  miles; 
fare,  $13.40;  rail,  $11.90;  stage, 
$1.50.  See  “Post  Roads”  No.  44. 

Current  Creek— Or  Park- 
ville,  Fremont  county,  is  a  small 
station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  situated  at  the 
.mouth  of  Current  Creek,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Arkansas  Riv¬ 
er.  It  is  ten  miles  west  from 
Canon  City,  fare,  $1.00;  and  171 
miles  from  Denver,  fare,  $13.50. 
Tour  6. 

Davidson— Boulder  coun¬ 
ty,  is  a  small  station  on  South 
Boulder  River,  and  the  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
forty-one  miles  northwest  from 
Denver;  fare,  $2.10.  Coal  mines 
are  worked  on  the  river  above, 
but  the  chief  occupation  of  the 
people  is  farming.  Tour  1. 
Deans  —  Douglas  county, 
consists  of  a  post  office  and  summer  hotel;  dead 
in  the  winter,  but  quite  lively  in  the  summer.  It 
is  in  Platte  Canon,  on  the  line  of  the  South  Park 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  twenty-six  miles 
from  Denver.  In  the  summer,  parties  run  out  to 
this  place  from  Denver,  to  spend  the  day  rambling 
over  the  hills,  inspecting  the  wonders  of  the  canon, 
etc.,  and  return  by  evening  train.  Only  a  short  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  hotel  is  a  fine  mineral  spring,  but  we 
could  hear  of  no  analysis  of  the  waters.  Fare  from 
Denver,  $1.80.  The  scenery  of  the  canon  and  moun¬ 
tains  is  very  grand,  Tour  5. 

Decatur - Summit  county,  is  situated  on  the 

head  of  Snake  River,  just  at  the  foot  of  Argentine 
Pass,  on  the  western  slope.  The  “Pass”  is  13,286  feet 
above  sea  level,  over  which  a  road  leads  to  George¬ 
town,  distance  fourteen  miles;  another  route  is 
down  Snake  River,  and  over  Loveland  Pass,  via 
Bakersfield  to  Georgetown,  twenty-nine  miles. 

Decatur  was  named  for  “Commodore”  Stephen 
Decatur,  Commissioner  from  Colorado  to  the  Cen¬ 
tennial,  in  1876,  now  a  resident  of  Silver  Cliff.  It  is 
strictly  a  mining  and  prospecting  town,  of  about  300 


CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  91 


I  inhabitants,  in  the  Peru  District,  and  at  the  south¬ 
ern  base  of  Grey’s  Peak.  The  ores  are  gold,  silver, 
copper  and  lead,  and  range  from  $20  to  $2,000  per 
ton.  Mills  and  furnaces  are  much  needed,  and  would 
certainly  prove  a  good  investment  for  capitalists. 
The  town  contains  the  usual  number  of  stores  and 
residences  for  one  of  its  size,  and  appears  to  be 
improving  rapidly,  if  new  buildings  on  every  side 
would  indicate  as  much.  The  principal  mines  ship¬ 
ping  ore  are:  Delaware,  Bevenue,  Tariff,  Whale, 
Captain  Jack,  Lone  Star,  Pennsylvania,  Paymaster, 
and  some  others.  Some  of  these  ores  go  to  Grant, 
on  the  South  Park  Division  of  the  “U.  P.,”  and 
others  to  Georgetown  and  Denver.  Sautell  House  is 
the  principal  hotel.  See“ Post  Roads”  Nos.  13  and  14. 
Chihuahua,  one  and  one-half  miles  west;  Monta- 
zuma,  five  miles  southwest ;  Dillon,  ten  miles  west. 
Decatur  is  fourteen  miles  from  Georgetown,  via 
Argentine  Pass;  Fare,  $2.50;  (“Post  Roads”  No.  14) 
only  passable  in  sum¬ 
mer;  to  Georgetown, 
via  “High  Line,”  twen¬ 
ty-nine  miles  ;  daily  ; 
fare,  $5.00;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  via  “  High  Line,” 
eighty-one  miles,  via 
Colorado  Division 
Union  Pacific  Bailway ; 
fare,  by  rail  and  stage, 

$9.30.  “ Post  Roads” 

No.  13. 

Deer  Trail — Ara¬ 
pahoe  county,  a  small 
station  situated  on  the 
broad  plains  and  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Division 
Union  Pacific  Bailway, 
fifty-seven  miles  east 
fromDenver ;  fare, $2. 75. 

The  whole  country  is 
devoted  to  stock-rais¬ 
ing.  Tour  4. 

Del  Norte— Coun¬ 
ty  seat  of  Bio  Grande 
county,  is  in  the  north¬ 
west  part  of  San  Luis 
Park, on  the  Bio  Grande 
Del  Norte,  at  a  point 
where  the  mountains, 
from  the  north  and 
south,  with  their  high 
rocky  cliffs  and  round¬ 
ed  buttes,  draw  close 
j  together,  leaving  only 
I  the  river  and  a  narrow 
strip  of  rich,  elevated 
land  between,  one- 
fourth  of  a  mile  in 
width;  on  this  land  is 
built  the  town.  The  site 
is  most  picturesque. 


The  groves  of  cottonwoods  in  front,  for  miles  up 
and  down  the  river,  the  high  cliffs,  the  beautiful 
San  Luis  Park  to  the  eastward,  beyond  which  rise 
the  snow-clad  peaks  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  range-, 
presents  scenery  of  x'are  beauty  and  grandeur,  even 
in  Colorado. 

The  first  cabin  in  Del  Norte  was  built  in  the  win¬ 
ter  of  1871-2,  since  which  time  its  progress  has  been 
gradual  and  permanent.  It  now  contains  a  popula¬ 
tion  of  875,  has  two  banks,  several  fine,  large  busi¬ 
ness  blocks,  built  of  stone,  occupied  by  merchants 
who  do  a  heavy  wholesale  and  retail  trade  in  gen¬ 
eral  merchandise;  many  smaller  stores,  and  shops 
of  all  kinds,  good  schools,  county  buildings,  and 
churches,  with  a  number  of  saw  mills  in  the  vicinity, 
and  one  weekly  newspaper,  the  San  Juan  Pros¬ 
pector.  This  paper  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  the 
country,  and  is  taken  for  authority  on  all  matters 
connected  with  mining  and  other  industries  of  the 


* 

CATHEDRAL  ROCK,  PLATTE  CANON. 


92  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


county.  It  is  published  by  the  Cochran  Brothers, 
who,  also,  attend  to  Uncle  Samuel’s  mails  at  the 
post  office.  The  Brothers  also  publish  a  pamphlet 
on  the  resources  of  the  county,  called  “Homes  in 
The  West,”  which  will  be  mailed  to  any  address,  by 
sending  two  stamps  to  prepay  postage. 

All  along  the  Valley  of  the  Bio  Grande,  and  on 
Pinos,  John’s  and  other  small  Creeks,  are  many  set¬ 
tlers,  engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising.  Wheat, 
oats  and  barley,  make  good  crops,  yielding  from 
twenty-five  to  sixty  bushels  to  the  acre.  Potatoes 
often  reach  fifty  bushels,  and  hay  from  two  to  three 
tons  to  the  acre.  Cultivated  fruit  is  raised  to  some 
extent,  but  wild  fruit  is  abundant,  such  as  cherries, 
plums,  strawberries,  currants,  gooseberries,  grapes 
and  raspberries,  grow  to  great  perfection.  Lumber 
and  fuel  is  also  abundant  in  the  mountains  to  the 
southward,  as  is  also  all  kinds  of  game;  and  for  fine 
trout,  the  Bio  Grande  and  its  tributaries  can  beat 
the  world ;  the  speckled  beauties  fairly  quarreling  to 
get  at  the  hook. 

Many  of  the  citizens  of  Del  Norte  and  surround¬ 
ing  country  are  engaged  in  raising  cattle  and  sheep. 
Great  herds  are  scattered  over  the  plains,  valleys, 
foot-hills  and  mountains,  in  every  direction;  the 
grasses  are  excellent  and  most  abundant.  This 
would  be  one  of  the  best  locations  in  Colorado  for 
woolen  mills,  and,  in  fact,  for  many  kinds  of  manu¬ 
facturing  business,  the  river  affording  abundance  of 
water,  and  a  fall  of  about  twenty  feet  to  the  mile. 

The  streets  of  Del  Norte  are  100  feet  in  width,  in 
places  bordered  with  rows  of  planted  trees,  and  wa¬ 
tered  by  streams  coursing  along  their  sides.  There 
are  a  great  many  neat  little  private  residences,  of 
wood  and  stone,  but  the  greater  portion  in  the  sub¬ 
urbs  and  surrounding  country,  are  built  of  adobe, 
and  occupied  by  Spanish-Mexican  people. 

The  “Windsor”  is  the  principal  hotel,  and  is  the 
largest  and  best  house  in  the  San  Juan  country. 

The  Summit  District  Mines,  some  of  the  richest 
in  the  San  J uan  country,  are  reached  from  Del  Norte 
by  the  only  wagon  road  over  which  supplies  can  be 
transported ;  also  connected  by  telephone.  Distance, 
twenty-seven  miles;  fare,  $3.00;  (see  “Post  Roads ” 
No.  74)  from  Alamosa,  thirty-four  miles;  fare,  $3.00; 
from  Saguache,  thirty-one  miles;  fare,  $4.50;  from 
Denver,  by  Alamosa,  via  Denver  &  Bio  Grande 
Bailway,  284  miles;  fare,  by  rail,  $20.80,  by  stage, 
$3.00,  total,  $23.80;  from  Denver,  by  South  Arkansas-, 
via  Denver  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  297  miles ;  fare, 
$23.65;  four-horse  coaches  daily.  See  “Post  Roads” 
Nos.  76  and  79. 

Dickson  —  Huerfano  county,  situated  on 
Muddy  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Huerfano  Biver, 
close  up  against  the  mountains.  The  surroundings 
are  principally  devoted  to  stock-raising,  yet  along 
the  creek  is  some  good  agricultural  land,  where 
crops  do  well  with  irrigation.  Distance,  forty- six 
miles  north-west  from  Walsenburg,  on  “Post  Roads ” 
No.  54.  Fare,  $6.00. 

Dillon — Summit  county,  is  situated  at  the 

junction  of  Snake  and  Blue  Bivers,  on  the  “High 


Line”  stage  road  between  Georgetown  and  Kokomo. 
One  grocery,  post  office  and  wayside  ranche,  com¬ 
prise  the  town.  Cattle  and  sheep-raising  is  the  oc¬ 
cupation  of  the  settlers  in  this  vicinity.  Dillon  is 
twenty-eight  miles  south-west  from  Georgetown; 
ten  miles  north  from  Brekenridge,  two  miles  north¬ 
east  from  ’Frisco,  and  twelve  miles  north-east  from 
Kokomo.  Fare  to  Georgetown,  stage,  daily,  $5.00; 
(“Post  Roads ”  No.  13)  to  Denver,  eighty  miles,  rail 
and  stage,  fare  $9.30. 

Divide— Weld  county,  a  small  station  on  the 
Cheyenne  Division  of  the  Union  Pacific  Bailway, 
ninety-six  miles  north  from  Denver.  It  is  on 
the  dividing  ridge  between  the  Cache  a  la  Poudre 
Biver  and  Crow  Creek.  Sheep  and  cattle  abound, 
and  nothing  else.  Fare  from  Denver,  $6.70.  Tour  3. 

Divide — Chaffee  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  line  of  the  South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific 
Bailway,  122  miles  from  Denver,  and  thirteen  miles 
from  Buena  Yista.  It  is  situated  on  the  western 
slope,  where  the  waters  reach  the  Arkansas  Biver. 
A  saw  mill,  several  stores,  post  office,  and  about  100 
people  constitute  the  place.  Two  passenger  trains 
each  way  daily.  Fare  from  Denver,  $10.35.  Game 
is  abundant  in  the  hills.  Tour  5. 

Divide — Is  at  the  summit  of  the  Arkansas  di¬ 
vide,  which  separate  the  waters  to  the  north  and 
south,  one  side  flowing  to  the  Arkansas  and  the 
other  to  the  Platte  Bivers ;  altitude,  7,238  feet.  It  is 
a  station  on  the  Denver  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  in 
El  Paso  county,  fifty-two  miles  south  from  Denver, 
and  twenty-three  miles  north  from  Colorado 
Springs.  The  name  known  to  the  post  office  de¬ 
partment  is  Weissport.  The  scenery  in  the  vicinity 
is  very  beautiful,  and  at  certain  seasons  game  can 
be  found  in  the  hills.  Palmer  Lake,  a  beautiful  lit¬ 
tle  sheet  of  water,  is  opposite  the  station.  Fare,  $3.40. 
Tour  6. 

Dolores — La  Plata  county,  is  situated  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Bio  Dolores,  at  the  Big  Bend,  along 
which  are  some  good  agricultural  lands;  altitude, 
6,978  feet  above  sea  level.  One  store,  a  trading-post 
and  a  few  hundred  people,  many  of  which  are  Mex¬ 
icans,  comprise  the  town.  Stock-raising  is  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  people.  It  is  north  of  west  from 
Parrott  City,  thirty-six  miles,  by  trail.  Trails,  also, 
lead  north,  south  and  west.  Fifteen  miles  south 
are  many  old  ruins  and  Indian  farms,  on  the 
Southern  Ute  Indian  Beservation. 

Dome  Rock  —  in  Platte  Canon,  Jefferson 
county,  is  a  station  on  the  line  of  the  South  Park 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  thirty-one  miles 
from  Denver.  It  is  named  for  a  huge  dome-shaped 
rock  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  from  the  station. 
This  rock  is  many  hundred  feet  above  the  road,  sur¬ 
rounded  by  pines  and  evergreens,  which,  in  sum¬ 
mer,  make  it  a  charming  resort  for  pic-nic  parties 
from  the  valley.  A  dancing  pavilion  has  been 
erected  in  a  little  grove,  and  comfortable  accommo¬ 
dations  are  always  at  hand.  Two  passenger  trains 
daily,  each  way.  Fare,  $2.25.  Tour  5. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  93 


Douglas — A  small  post  office  town  in  Douglas 
county,  on  East  Plum  Creek,  on  the  line  of  the 
Denver  &  Eio  Grande  Eailway ;  is  thirty-five  miles 
south  of  Denver,  and  three  miles  south  of  Castle 
Eock,  in  a  rugged  section  of  country.  Stone  quar¬ 
ries  near.  Stock-raising,  with  a  little  farming,  com¬ 
prises  the  place  and  occupation  of  the  people, 

Two  trains,  daily;  fare  $2.30.  Tour  6. 

Dora — Is  in  Custer  county,  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  on  Grape  Creek,  six  miles  north  from  Silver 
Cliff.  It  is  a  small  mining  camp,  consisting  of  post 
office  and  one  store,  Chamber’s  Smelting  Furnace,  a 
few  ranches,  and  about  100  population.  Stage  daily 
i  from  Silver  Cliff;  fare,  seventy-five  cents.  See  “Post 
Roacls ”  No.  24. 

Dudley  —  A  small  mining  camp,  one  mile 
north  of  Alma,  Park  county ;  population,  150.  It  is 
on  the  Hoosier  Pass  wagon  road,  from  Fairplay  to 
Breckenridge,  at  the  foot  of  Mounts  Lincoln  and 
Bross,  affording  views  of  scenery  most  grand.  Trout 
and  game  are  abundantin  the  vicinity.  Distance 
from  Breckenridge,  sixteen  miles;  from  Fairplay, 
six  miles.  Mails  and  stage  double  daily. 

Dudley  is  118  miles  from  Denver,  by  rail  and  stage ; 
fare,  $10.30  by  rail;  stage,  sixty  cents,  total,  $10.90. 
Tour  5. 

Dumont — A  new  city  made  out  of  Old  Mill 
;  City,  at  the  junction  of  Mill,  with  Clear  Creek,  Clear 
Creek  county,  on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pa¬ 
cific  Eailway,  forty-two  miles  west  from  Denver, 
and  six  miles  west  from  Idaho  Springs.  Here  are 
located  several  smelting  furnaces  and  stamp  mills, 
with  numerous  paying  mines  in  the  vicinity.  Fare 
from  Denver,  $3.55.  Tour  2. 

Durango — La  Plata  county,  situated  on  the 
Eio  de  las  Animas,  is  the  pet  child  of  the  Denver  & 
Eio  Grande  Eailway  Company,  by  whom  it  was  laid 
out  and  fostered,  with  a  view  of  making  it  the  future 
great  metropolis  of  Southwestern  Colorado.  It  is  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  river,  on  a  high  plateau,  two  miles 
south  from  Animas  City,  182  miles  west  from  San 
Antonio,  and  461  miles  from  Denver.  Altitude 
6,410  feet. 

From  the  geographical  position  of  Durango,  and 
by  the  influence  of  the  railway  company,  situated 
as  it  is,  in  the  centre  of  immense  wealth ;  in  mines, 
timber,  coal,  agriculture  and  stock-raising,  it  is 
destined  to  grow  rapidly  in  importance,  and  become 
the  commercial  centre  for  the  San  Juan  country, 
and  a  portion  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

The  streets  are  broad,  and  well  laid  out,  the  lots 
are  twenty-five  feet  front  by  150  feet  in  depth,  and 
in  the  first  sixty  days  after  the  lots  were  offered  for 
sale,  the  Company  realized  therefrom  $96,000. 

Among  the  first  purchasers  of  property,  were  the 
San  Juan  &  New  York  Smelting  Company,  the 
same  who  have  large  works  at  Silverton,  forty- 
eight  miles  north,  and  who  own  many  very  valuable 
mines.  The  grounds  are  a  site  for  what  they  say 
will  be  the  largest  smelting  works  in  the  United 
States.  The  work  of  laying  foundations  commenced 


at  once,  and  when  we  were  there,  October  15th,  1880, 
was  in  rapid  progress,  with  the  design  to  have  them 
completed  during  the  following  year.  Another  pur¬ 
chase  was  made  of  one  whole  block,  by  Myers  & 
West,  of  Animas  City,  for  a  livery,  feed,  sale  stable, 
and  corral,  to  be  built  of  stone,  which  is,  also  in 
course  of  erection.  Still  another  notable  purchase 
was  made  by  a  pool  of  capitalists,  of  which  ex-Gov- 
ernor  Hunt  is  chief,  consisting  of  one  block,  upon 
which  a  first-class  hotel  is  to  be  built,  250  feet  front, 
with  two  wings  125  feet  each,  costing  $100,000.  For 
this  house  the  plans  are  all  drawn  and  the  work  will 
commence  immediately.  Besides  the  above,  there 
are  hundreds  of  smaller  purchasers,  among  whom 
are  many  of  the  first-class  merchants  of  Colorado. 
The  purchasers  of  lots  within  the  fire  limits,  are  re¬ 
quired,  by  contract,  to  build  of  either  brick  or  stone, 
and  in  a  substantial  manner.  This  requirement  it  is 
easy  to  comply  with,  as  stone  of  very  good  quality 
is  quarried  near  the  town,  and  three  brick  yards  in 
operation  turn  out  a  fine  article  of  brick.  Timber 
is  abundant  in  the  region  but  a  short  distance  from 
the  town,  where  are  already  located  several  saw 
mills  and  more  building.  At  last  reports  nearly 
sixteen  blocks  had  been  sold,  and  many  of  the  pur¬ 
chasers  were  erecting  buildings.  The  San  Juan  Ex¬ 
tension  of  the  Denver  &  Eio  Grande  Eailway  is 
building  with  all  possible  dispatch  towards  this 
point,  where  it  is  expected  about  the  first  of  June, 
1881.  Tour  7. 

Coal  is  abundant  in  the  surrounding  country,  and, 
also,  in  the  city  limits ;  one  vein  measuring  ninety 
feet  in  thickness,  of  fair  coking  quality.  Distances 
and  fares:  Parrott  City,  sixteen  miles  west,  fare 
$2.50;  Animas  City,  two  miles  north,  hack-fare,  fifty 
cents;  Silverton,  forty-eight  miles  north,  fare,  $7.00. 
To  the  eastward  the  rates  are  unsettled.  The  dis¬ 
tance  to  San  Antonio  is  182  miles;  the  rail  fare  is 
about  eight  and  one-half  cents  per  mile;  stage,  fif¬ 
teen  cents.  As  the  road  extends  west,  the  distance 
by  stage  is  correspondingly  shortened,  always  leav¬ 
ing  from  the  “end  of  the  track.” 

Earle — Las  Animas  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Eailroad,  New 
Mexican  Extension,  sixty-two  miles  south  from  La 
Junta,  and  125  from  Pueblo ;  fare,  $7.20.  Tour  8. 

Easton — El  Paso  county,  is  situated  on  the 
Arkansas  Divide,  nineteen  miles  north-east  from 
Colorado  Springs.  About  fifty  families  are  in  the 
vicinity,  whose  occupation  is  lumbering,  raising  cat¬ 
tle,  sheep,  horses  and  potatoes.  Laboring  men  are 
in  demand,  at  wages  ranging  from  $20  to  $50  per 
month,  and  board.  From  Colorado  Springs,  fare, 
$2.00;  from  Denver,  ninety-four  miles,  fare,  $6.60. 
Tour  6.  “ Post  Roads ”  No.  37. 

East  Pueblo  —  Pueblo  county,  is  a  small 
hamlet  on  the  east  side  of  Fountain  Creek,  three 
miles  from  Pueblo ;  a  mere  suburb  of  Pueblo.  See 
Page  61. 

Edgerton — Is  in  El  Paso  county,  on  the  line 
of  the  Denver  &  Eio  Grande  Eailway  and  Monument 


94 


CBOFUTT’ S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


gray’s  peak  from  snake  river  pass. 

Creek,  south  from  Denver  sixty-seven  miles,  and 
north  from  Colorado  Springs  eight  miles.  The  jdace 
has  a  post  office  and  does  an  extensive  lumbering 
business;  fare,  $4.35.  Tour  6. 

Elk  Lake — See  “Green  Lake”  and  “George¬ 

town.” 

Elkhorn — -Larimer  county,  situated  on  Elk- 
horn  Creek,  thirty-five  miles  north-east  from  Tort 
Collins  and  twelve  miles  north-west  from  Liver¬ 
more;  population  about  100.  Stock-raising,  farm¬ 
ing,  mining,  dairying  and  lumbering  are  the  occu¬ 
pations  of  the  settlers.  The  hunting  and  fishing,  are 
good,  as  are  also  the  hotel  and  other  accommoda¬ 
tions  of  the  town.  The  mountain  scenery  is  very 
grand  in  the  vicinity,  where  are  also  some  very 
good  mineral  prospects,  gold  and  silver,  but  no  de¬ 
velopments.  Stage  twice  a  week;  fare,  $4.00.  Dis¬ 
tance  from  Denver,  123  miles;  eighty-eight  by  rail, 
balance  by  stage ;  fare,  $8.45.  Tour  1.  “Post  Roads ” 
Nos.  2,  57  and  60. 

Elko — Gunnison  county,  is  five  miles  north 
from  Gothic.  Two  cabins  and  ‘‘great  expectations” 
comprise  the  camp.  Trail  From  “Gothic.” 

Elm  Creek — Jefferson  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  on  the  Colorado  Division 


Union  Pacific  Railway,  twenty-three  miles 
west  from  Denver;  fare,  $1.65.  Tour  2. 

El  Moro — Las  Animas  county,  is  sit¬ 
uated  on  the  Las  Animas,  or  Purgatorie 
River,  at  the  terminus  of  the  El  Moro 
Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Rail¬ 
way,  eighty-six  miles  south  from  Pueblo, 
and  206  miles  from  Denver.  The  town  con¬ 
sists  of  four  stores,  one  hotel,  the  Del- 
monico,  and  about  300  population,  most  of 
whom  are  engaged  in  coal  mining;  some, 
in  stock-raising.  Along  the  Las  Animas 
River  are  some  good  farming  lands,  which 
produce  good  crops.  About  six  miles  south¬ 
east  of  the  town  are  located  extensive  coal 
mines,  and  about  two  miles  in  the  same 
direction  are  200  coking  ovens  in  operation, 
and  100  more  building.  The  coal  is  of  a 
superior  quality  for  use  in  the  smelting 
furnaces,  for  which  purpose  it  is  shipped 
all  over  the  State.  These  veins  of  coal  are 
horizontal  and  from  six  to  fifteen  feet  in 
thickness,  and  so  situated  that  a  chute 
dumps  the  coal  into  the  cars  while  standing 
on  the  track. 

The  track  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  Ee  Railroad  passes  through  the  town, 
but  the  trains  do  not  stop,  but  run  on  to 
Trinidad,  the  nearest  station,  five  miles 
distant,  to  the  southward.  Fare  to  Trin¬ 
idad,  by  hack,  fifty  cents;  from  Pueblo, 
$8.60 ;  from  Denver,  $16.40.  Tour  7. 

El  Paso — El  Paso  county,  is  a  post- 
office  on  the  line  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  on  Irwin  Creek,  five  miles 
south  from  Little  Buttes,  and  ninety-nine  miles 
from  Denver.  Stock-raising  is  the  only  profitable 
occupation  of  a  dozen  settlers.  Fare,  $6.65,  from 
Denver. 

Empire  Station — Clear  Creek  county,  is  a 
stopping  place  for  Empire  City.  It  is  located  about 
one  mile  west  from  Lawson,  on  the  Colorado  Divis¬ 
ion  Union  Pacific  Railway,  forty-seven  miles  west 
from  Denver;  Fare,  $3.90.  Tour  2. 

Empire  City — Clear  Creek ‘County,  is  situ¬ 
ated  about  one  mile  west  from  Empire  Station,  pop¬ 
ulation,  200.  The  Peck  House  is  the  principal  hotel. 
Three  stores,  two  mills,  good  private  residences, 
and  some  hydraulic  and  gulch  mining,  comprise  the 
tOAvn.  The  ores  are  gold,  and  the  principal  lode 
mines  producing  are:  Tenth  Legion,  and  Em¬ 
pire  City. 

The  city  has  an  elevation  of  8,583  feet,  is  in  as 
pretty  a  location  and  with  as  picturesque  surround¬ 
ings  as  can  be  found  in  the  mountains  of  Colorado. 
Bard’s  Creek,  from  the  south,  and  Lyon’s,  from  the 
north,  reach  Clear  Creek  opposite  each  other,  their 
deltas,  with  the  elevated  bars  of  the  creek,  forming 
the  town  site.  The  great  mountains  of  Douglas,  Co- 
vode,  Lincoln,  and  Eureka,  rise  above  the  town  in 
different  directions,  2,500  feet,  or  more. 


CROFUTT’  & 

>'  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

95 

North  from  Empire,  up  Lyon’s 
Creek  about  one  mile,  is  located  the 
Empire  Mine,  and  several  mills  for 
treating  ores,  and  a  small  camp 
called  North  Empire.  Empire  City 
is  forty-eight  miles  west  from  Den¬ 
ver,  via  rail  and  hack ;  by  rail,  fare, 

$3.90;  hack,  one  mile,  twenty -five 
cents.  Tour  2.  “Post  Roads”  No.  12. 

Engleville — Las  Animas  coun¬ 
ty,  is  situated  about  seven  miles 
southeast  from  El  Moro,  where  are 
located  extensive  coal  mines,  oper¬ 
ated  by  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway,  by  another  name;  popula¬ 
tion,  200.  One  store  and  a  few  cabins 
and  boarding  houses.  From  Pueblo, 
ninety-three  miles,  to  El  Moro ;  fare, 

$8.60;  no  regular  conveyance,  the 
;  other  seven  miles. 

Enterprise — This  is  the  post- 
office  name  for  Platte  Canon  Sta- 
-  tion,  on  the  South  Park  Division, 

Union  Pacific  Railway,  twenty  miles 
from  Denver.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Canon,  through  which  runs  the 
above  named  railroad. 

During  the  summer  of  1880  pros¬ 
pectors  were  busy  at  work  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  station,  and  the  re- 
j  ports  are  that  mineral  was  discov¬ 
ered  which  assays  several  hundred 
ounces.  From  just  above  the  sta¬ 
tion  an  English  Company  is  taking 
out  a  large  canal  to  conduct  the 
waters  eastward,  over  the  prairies  100 
miles,  or  more,  for  irrigation  pur¬ 
poses.  It  is  a  great  enterprise,  and 
one  which  will  undoubtedly  prove 
I  very  remunerative  to  the  parties  in- 
i  terested  as  well  as  of  great  benefit  to 
1  the  settlers  along  the  line  of  the  ca- 
]  nal,  besides  -of  ultimately  adding 
j  millions  to  the  wealth  of  the  State. 

Fare  from  Denver  $1.25;  two  pas- 
j  senger  trains  each  way  daily.  The 
scenery  surrounding  the  station  is 
very  grand,  and  for  a  long  distance 
above,  on  Tour  5. 

Erie — Weld  county,  is  on  the  Boulder  Branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  thirty- five  miles  from 
Denver,  and  twelve  miles  from  Boulder,  Stock- 
raising,  farming  and  coal  mining  occupy  the  peo- 
!  pie  in  this  vicinity.  Population,  about  300.  Here 
;  are  located  very  extensive  bituminous  coal  mines, 
j  large  quantities  of  which  are  used  by  the  Railroad 
|  Company,  and  the  citizens  of  Denver.  Fare  from 
I  Denver,  $2.00 ;  daily  trains.  > 

Estabrook  Park — Is  situated  in  a  widening 
i  of  Platte  Canon,  in  Park  county,  on  the  line  of  the 
South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  fifty- 


GKAND  RIVER,  MIDDLE  PARK. 

one  miles  from  Denver;  fare,  $4.05.  The  location  is 
most  beautiful,  the  scenery  magnificent.  The  de¬ 
pot  and  buildings  are  very  good,  and  some  of  them 
cosy.  Several  fine  cottages  have  been  erected  here 
the  last  season  by  business  men  of  Denver,  for 
summer  residences,  and  the  surroundings  are  very 
inviting.  Several  saw  hiills  are  turning  out  bridge 
timber  and  lumber  for  the  Railroad  Company,  and 
others  for  shipment  to  Denver.  Two  passenger 
trains  each  way,  daily.  Tour  5. 

Estes  Park — One  of  the  most  delightful 

summer  resorts  in  Colorado,  is  in  Larimer  county, 


96  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


ten  miles  north  from  Long’s  Peak.  This  is  a  beau¬ 
tiful  little  valley,  about  six  miles  long,  by  four  and 
one-half  miles  wide,  surrounded  by  mountain 
peaks,  chief  of  which  is  “Long’s.”  Spruce  and  pine 
trees  abound  in  the  park,  sufficiently  near  each 
other  to  afford  a  beautiful  and  cooling  shade  in  the 
hottest  days  in  the  summer.  Altitude,  6,810  feet. 

A  number  of  silver  and  gold  lodes  have  been  de¬ 
veloped  in  the  park,  and  many  in  the  ranges  to  the 
westward,  that  “prospect”  rich.  This  is  one  of  those 
places  seldom  found  in  the  mountains,  where  all 
the  greatest  attractions  can  be  enjoyed  within  easy 
reach  from  excellent  hotel  accommodations.  The 
hunting  and  trout  fishing  are  par  excellence.  The 
valley  contains  a  permanent  population  of  about 
150,  engaged  in  lumbering,  mining  and  dairying. 

In  the  summer  months  stages  run  regularly  be¬ 
tween  the  Park  and  Longmont,  and  Loveland.  Dis¬ 
tances:  Prom  Longmont,  thirty-five  miles;  Love¬ 
land,  twenty-eight  miles;  fare  $5.00;  from  Denver, 
ninety-three  miles,  fare,  $7.90.  Tour  1. 

Eureka — Bent  county,  a  small  station  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  and 
the  broad  prairie,  160  miles  east  from  Denver;  fare, 
$7.85.  Cattle  and  sheep  abound,  and  nothing  else. 

Eureka — San  Juan  county,  is  a  small  mining 
camp,  situated  in  the  extreme  northern  part  of  Ba¬ 
ker’s  Park,  on  the  Rio  de  las  Animas.  The  town 
consists  of  one  store,  hotel,  a  dozen  buildings,  and 
one  smelting  works.  The  San  Juan  Expositor,  is  a 
monthly  paper  published  here.  The  principal  ore 
producing  mines  are:  McKinnie,  Boomerang,  and 
Yellow  Jacket.  The  ores  of  this  region  are  in  gen¬ 
eral,  argentiferous  galena,  of  high  grade,  grey  cop¬ 
per  accompanying.  Some  of  the  best  property  at 
this  place  is  locked  up  by  litigation,  which  is  a  cer¬ 
tain  guarantee  that  it  is  rich  in  minerals.  Situated 
on  “Post  Road ”  No.  30,  north  from  Silverton  nine 
miles,  and  south  from  Animas  Forks  five  miles ;  fare, 
fifteen  cents  per  mile. 

Evans — Lake  county,  is  a  small  mining  camp, 
a  suburb  of  Leadvfile,  see  “  Leadville.“ 

Evans — Weld  county,  is  situated  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  South  Platte  River,  on  the  line  of  the 
Cheyenne  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  north 
from  Denver,  forty- seven  miles.  Fare,  $3.50.  It  is  a 
farming  and  stock-raising  community  wholly.  It 
was  settled  in  1871  by  the  St.  Louis  and  New  Eng¬ 
land  Colonies,  who,  by  building  canals  and  ditches 
have  conducted  Avater  over  several  thousand  acres 
of  upland,  thereby  enabling  them  to  raise  good 
crops  of  all  kinds  of  grain  and  vegetables.  The 
town  contains  a  population  of  353,  has  a  weekly 
newspaper,  the  Journal,  and  many  business  blocks 
and  private  residences.  “  Tour  3.” 

Evergreen — Jefferson  county,  is  a  post-office 
on  Bear  Creek,  at  the  junction  of  Cub,  away  up 
in  the  mountains,  twelve  miles  west  from  Morrison, 
and  twenty-eight  from  Denver.  Timber  is  abun¬ 
dant,  as  well  as  game  and  trout.  It  is  quite  a  resort 


for  campers  in  the  summer.  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  39. 
Fare,  $2.86. 

Excliequerville— Saguache  county,  is  situ¬ 
ated  on  Kerber  Creek,  two  miles  north  of  “Bonan¬ 
za.”  Population  200.  It  is  a  small  mining  camp,  so 
closely  identified  with  Bonanza  that  we  refer  the 
reader  to  a  description  of  that  toAvn  for  further  in¬ 
formation. 

Fall  River — Clear  Creek  county,  thirty-eight 
miles  west  from  Denver  by  rail,  via  Colorado  Divis¬ 
ion  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway.  Fare,  $3.20.  See 
“  Spanish  Bar.”  Tour  2. 

Fairville — Park  county.  See  “Slaght’s.” 

Fairplay — County  Seat  of  Park  county,  on 
the  Fairplay  Branch  of  the  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  112  miles  from  Denver.  Pop¬ 
ulation  515.  It  is  situated  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  the 
South  Platte  River.  The  Bergh  and  Fairplay  are 
the  principal  hotels.  The  Fairplay  Flume,  a  live 
newspaper,  dishes  up  all  the  news  weekly.  County 
buildings,  stores  of  all  kinds,  with  churches  and 
good  schools,  are  some  of  the  improvements  that 
the  citizens  point  to  with  pride.  Placer  mining  Avas 
once  the  sole  occupation  of  the  settlers,  some  work 
of  the  kind  is  still  done,  but  now  stock-raising  and 
quartz  mining  overshadow  all  kinds  of  business. 

The  Mosquito,  Horseshoe  and  several  other  min¬ 
ing  districts  lie  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  moun¬ 
tains,  the  base  of  which  is  five  miles  to  the  west¬ 
ward.  These  districts  are  said  to  contain  some  of 
the  best  mines  in  the  State.  At  Fairplay  there  is 
one  smelting  furnace,  another  about  two  and  a 
half  miles  west,  on  Sacramento  Gulch,  and  the  Hol¬ 
land  Smelter  at  the  mouth  of  Pennsylvania  Gulch 
three  and  a  half  miles  Avest. 

Distance  from  Fairplay  to  Breckenridge,  north¬ 
west  Ada  Hoosier  Pass,  twenty-three  miles ;  to  Lead- 
ville,  west  Ada  Mosquito  Pass,  ninteen  miles.  Game 
is  abundant ;  also,  trout.  Many  Chinese  are  working 
placer  mines  in  the  vicinity.  Fairplay  is  112  miles 
from  Denver  by  rail.  Fare,  $9.80.  Double  daily 
trains  from  both  east  and  west.  “  See  Post  Roads  ” 
Nos.  38,  42  and  44.  Tour  5. 

First  View — Bent  county,  167  miles  from 
Denver.  Fare,  $8.25.  Here  is  where  passengers 
going  west  get  their  first  view  of  the  Rocky  Moun¬ 
tains,  via  “  Kansas  Pacific”  Division,  Union  Pacific 
RaiLvay.  Large  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep  occupy 
the  country.  See  Tour  4. 

Florissant — El  Paso  county,  is  a  post  office 
in  the  extreme  Avestern  portion  of  the  county,  forty- 
eight  miles  southeast  from  Como,  and  thirty  miles 
nortlrwest  from  Colorado  Springs.  It  is  on  the 
South  Park  slope,  reached  from  Como,  by  “Post 
Road'”  No.  20.  Fare,  $7.00.  See “  Como.”  Stock-rais¬ 
ing  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vi¬ 
cinity.  Game  is  abundant;  also,  trout. 

Florida  —  Or  Florreda,  as  called  by  the 
natives,  on  the  Rio  Florida,  in  La  Plata  county,  15 
miles  east  from  Durango,  in  a  beautiful  little  valley 
where  vegetables  are  grown  successfully  and  large 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  97 


quantities  of  grass  is  cured  for  hay.  The  place 
consists  of  a  post  office  and  wayside  ranch  on  the 
wagon  road  from  Animas  City  to  Pagosa  Springs. 
The  San  Juan  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway  will  reach  the  vicinity  during  the  summer 
of  1881.  Distance  from  San  Antonio,  170  miles,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  railroad  surveys. 

Florence — Fremont  county,  near  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway,  thirty-three  miles  west  from 
Pueblo  and  eight  miles  east  from  Canon  City.  Fare 
from  Pueblo,  $3.20.  Farming  is  the  principal  occu¬ 
pation  of  the  people  in  the  vicinity.  The  extensive 
coal  mines  of  the  Colorado  Coal  &  Iron  Co.,  and 
Canon  City  Coal  Co.,  are  situated  about  three  miles 
distant,  south,  up  Coal  Creek.  Distance  from  Den¬ 
ver,  153  miles;  fare,  $11.10.  See“Post  Roads ”  No.  16. 

Franktown — Douglas  county,  now  only  a 
ranch  and  post  office,  is  on  the  site  of  a  noted  place. 
It  was  once  called  Russellville,  for  Green  Russell, 
who  with  his  small  party  made  the  first  discovery 
of  gold  in  the  “Pike’s  Peak  Country,”  at  this  place. 
The  first  saw-mill  was  erected  here.  John  C.  Fre¬ 
mont,  the  explorer,  camped  here  in  May,  1848,  and 
lost  several  of  his  men  by  being  frozen  to  death.  It 
is  on  the  Old  Government  wagon  road,  running 
north  and  south,  over  the  “Arkansas  Divide,”  via 
“Jimmy’s  Camp,”  is  thirty  miles  south  from  Denver, 
and  five  miles  east  from  Castle  Rock,  on  “Post 
Roads”  Nos.  32  and  33.  Fare  from  Denver,  by  rail 
and  stage,  thirty- seven  miles,  $3.15. 

Floycl  Hill — Is  a  small  station  in  Clear  Creek 
Canon,  Clear  Creek  county,  on  south  Clear  Creek, 
and  the  Colorado  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
thirty-one  miles  west  from  Denver;  fare,  $2.50.  At 
this  point  the  old  wagon  road,  that  left  the  valley  at 
Mt.  Yernon,  a  few  miles  south  of  Golden  and  passed 
through  Bergin’s  Park,  came  down  the  mountains 
just  below  the  station  on  the  south  side  and  followed 
up  Clear  Creek  to  the  westward.  It  was  over  this 
road,  before  the  completion  of  the  railroad,  that  all 
the  passengers,  freight  and  machinery  reached  the 
mining  regions  above.  At  that  time  a  great  amount 
of  placer  mining  was  being  done  all  along  Clear 
Creek  for  twenty  miles  to  the  westward. 

Frazer— Grand  county,  is  situated  on  Frazer 
River,  the  principal  branch  of  the  Grand,  and  con¬ 
sists  of  a  hotel,  post  office,  and  stockmen’s  ranch, 
all  in  one  building.  It  is  also  a  stage  station  on  the 
road  between  Georgetown  and  Hot  Sulphur  Springs, 
twenty-six  miles  southwest  from  Georgetown,  and 
eighty-eight  miles  from  Denver.  Frazer  is  com¬ 
monly  called  Cozzen’s  Hotel,  where  are  provided 
the  best  accommodations  for  tourists  in  the  Park. 
The  hunting  and  fishing  in  the  vicinity  are  par  ex¬ 
cellence.  See  article  on  “Middle  Park.”  From 
Georgetown  by  stage — See  “Post  Roads”  No.  12 — 
fare  $3.00;  from  Denver  by  rail  and  stage,  fare  $7.30. 

Freeland — Clear  Creek  county,  three  miles 
from  Idaho  Springs  and  thirty  -  nine  miles  from 
Denver.  Route  by  rail  to  Idaho  Springs,  via  Col¬ 
orado  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway.  Fare  to  Idaho 
7 


Springs,  $3.00.  There  is  no  regular  conveyance  the 
other  three  miles.  “  See  Tour”  2. 

Free  Gold. — Consists  of  a  post  office,  store, 
saloon,  smelting  works  and  about  150  inhabitants, 
most  of  whom  are  engaged  in  mining.  It  is  situ¬ 
ated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  a  short 
distance  above  the  railroad  bridge  crossed  by  the 
trains  of  the  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  in  Chaffe  county,  lj  miles  south  of  Buena 
Yista,  and  133  miles  from  Denver ;  fare,  $11.40.  Min¬ 
ing  is  the  principal  industry.  Of  the  scores  of 
mines  in  the  vicinity,  the  “Free  Gold  Belt,”  is  the 
principal  one,  the  owners  of  which,  have  a  small 
smelting  works  in  operation  here.  Fare  from  Den¬ 
ver  $11.40.“  Tour”  5. 

Frisco. — Summit  county,  is  at  the  mouth  of 
Ten  Mile  Canon,  in  the  timber.  It  has  two  stores, 
two  hotels,  the  Frisco  House,  and  Layner;  one 
saw-mill,  and  a  score  of  buildings  of  all  kinds.  Pop¬ 
ulation  150.  It  is  claimed  there  are  a  number  of  val¬ 
uable  lode  mines  in  the  vicinity,  but  little  develop¬ 
ments  have  been  made.  Assays  give  silver,  gold 
and  lead  from  $20  to  $190  per  ton. 

Frisco  is  ten  miles  north  from  Kokomo;  from 
Georgetown,  thirty  miles;  fare,  $6.00;  from  Breck- 
enridge,  ten  miles;  fare,  $1.55;  from  Denver,  eighty- 
two  miles — rail  and  stage,  via  Georgetown,  $10.30. 

Folsom — Ouray  county,  is  a  new,  small  min¬ 
ing  camp  situated  on  the  San  Miguel  River,  two 
miles  east  from  San  Miguel,  where  are  located  a 
number  of  promising  mines  and  good  prospects. 
See  “  San  Miguel.  ” 

Fountain. — El  Paso  county,  a  small  village 
of,  perhaps,  150  people,  mostly  engaged  in  agricul¬ 
tural  and  stock-raising  pursuits  It  is  situated  on 
the  east  bank  of  Fountain  Creek,  on  the  plateau 
facing  the  mountains  to  the  westward,  on  the  Den¬ 
ver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  eight-eight  miles  south 
from  Denver  and  thirty-two  miles  north  from  Pueblo. 
Fare  from  Denver,  $5.75.  Tour  6. 

Fort  Collins— Is  the  county  seat  of  Larimer 
county,  in  the  midst  of  as  fine  agricultural  lands  as 
there  are  in  the  State.  Situated  on  the  south  bank  of 
the  Cache  a  la  Poudre  River,  thirty  miles  above  its 
junction  with  the  South  Platte  River,  on  the  “  Colo¬ 
rado  Division”  Union  Pacific  Railway,  88  miles 
northwest  from  Denver.  It  has  several  churches 
and  schools,  one  flouring  mill,  a  dozen  or  more 
stores,  two  good  hotels — the  Collins,  and  the  Blake 
— several  small  manufactories,  and  is  populated  by 
an  enterprising  and  thrifty  people,  numbering  about 
600.  The  State  Agricultural  Society  have  their 
buildings  near  the  town,  which  are  very  commodi¬ 
ous.  The  Express  and  Courier  are  published  here 
weekly.  Irrigating  canals  conduct  the  water  over  all 
the  lands  in  the  neighborhood,  and  beautiful  crops 
result  therefrom.  Pic-nic  parties  enjoy  in  summer 
the  cooling  groves  of  cottonwoods  on  the  river 
bottom,  and  hunters  and  fishermen  are  afforded  rare 
sport  in  the  region  to  the  westward  only  a  short 
distance.  Fare  from  Denver,  $4.45.  Stage  twice  a 


LONG  S  PEAK,  FROM  ESTES  PARK. — THOS.  MORAN, 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


week  to  Elkhorn,  thirty-five  miles  northwest ;  fare, 
$4.00.  See  Elkhorn  and  “Post  Roads”  No.  2.  Tourl. 

Fort  Garland — Costella  county,  is  a  Gov¬ 
ernment  Military  Post,  and  a  station  on  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway,  106  miles  southwest  from 
Pueblo,  and  226  miles  from  Denver.  It  is  at  the 
western  base  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains, 
at  the  junction  of  Ute,  Cottonwood  and  Sangre  de 
Christo  Creeks,  on  the  eastern  edge  of  San  Luis 
Park.  It  is  like  all  military  posts  in  the  western 
country,  a  series  of  low,  cheap,  one-story  buildings 
on  the  four  sides  of  a  square  or  parade  ground,  in 
the  center  of  which  is  a  high  flag-staff  from  which 
float  the  stars  and  stripes.  A  sutler  store,  corral 
of  army  wagons,  a  long  row  of  horses  tied  up  to  a 
hitching  rail,  a  herd  of  beef  cattle  and  a  few  sol¬ 
diers  complete  the  picture  of  this  and  all  other 
“Forts,”  “Posts,”  or  “Camps,”  in  the  west.  Fare, 
from  Pueblo  $10.60 ;  from  Denver,  fare  $18.40.  Tour 
7.  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  55.  See  “  San  Luis  Park.” 

Fort  Lupton — In  Weld  county,  Population 
359.  It  is  a  station  on  the  Cheyenne  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway,  on  the  east  side  of  South  Platte 
River,  and  north  from  Denver,  27  miles;  fare,  $1.90. 
The  station  was  named  for  an  old  Adobe  ranch  and 
trading  post  located  near ;  ranchmen  and  stock- 
raisers  occupy  the  county  around  about,  and  a  few 
buildings  comprise  the  station.  Tour  3. 

Fort  Lyon — Bent  county,  is  situated  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  88  miles  east 
from  Pueblo  and  two 
miles  north  from  Las 
Animas.  See  “Las  Ani¬ 
mas.” 

Fort  Lewis  —  La 

Plata  county,  is  a  new 
government  port,  not 
yet  completed,  on  the 
Rio  La  Plata,  twelve 
miles  west  from  Duran¬ 
go  and  eight  miles  south 
from  Parrott  City,  situ¬ 
ated  in  a  fine  grazing 
country  where  are  also 
some  good  agricultural 
lands. 

Forks  Creek— J ef- 
ferson  county,  is  at  the 
junction  of  North  and 
South  Clear  Creek,  on 
the  line  of  the  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  28  miles  west 
from  Denver ;  fare,  $2.15. 

Tour  2. 

G  ardner — Huerfa¬ 
no  county,  on  Muddy 
Creek,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Huerfano,  in  a 
section  where  are  some 
good  farming  lands,  well 


cultivated,  but  the  chief  occupation  of  the  setlers 
is  stock-raising.  It  is  15  miles  from  Badito  and  30 
miles  northwest  from  Walsenburg;  fare,  $4.50.  “Post 
Road  No.  45.”  For  other  distances  and  fares,  see 
“Walsenburg.” 

Galena — Fremont  county,  is  situated  on  the 
stage  road  from  Canon  City  to  Rosita,  and  com¬ 
prises  a  post  office,  stage  station,  several  stores  and 
one  hotel,  the  Mountain  House.  Some  “prospects” 
in  the  vicinity  show  rich  carbonates  by  assay. 
Distance  to  Yorkville,  north  2  miles;  Canon  City, 
north  17  miles,  fare,  $2.50;  Silver  Cliff,  west  11  miles, 
fare,  $1.50;  Rosita,  south  13  miles,  fare,  $1.50.  “Post 
Roads”  No.  45. 

Garden  of  the  Gods — Situated  in  El  Paso 
county,  three  miles  west  from  Colorado  Springs. 
It  is  a  singularly  wild  and  beautiful  place,  to  which 
some  poetic  individual  has  given  the  title  which 
heads  this  paragraph.  Two  high  ridges  of  rock  rise 
perpendicularly  from  the  valley  to  a  height  of  200 
feet  or  more,  but  a  few  yards  apart,  forming  a  lofty 
enclosure,  which  embraces  a  beautiful  minature 
valley,  which  seems  to  nestle  here  away  from  the 
gaze  of  the  passer-by  in  quiet  romatic  grandeur. 
See  Colorado  City  or  Manitou,  Hlustration,  page  54. 

Garo— Park  county,  a  station  on  the  South 
Park  Div.  Union  Pacific  Railway,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Fairplay  Branch,  104  miles  from  Denver  and  10 
miles  from  Fairplay.  A  city  has  been  plotted,  a 
post  office  established,  a  coal  mine  discovered  under 


GEORGETOWN,.  COLORADO.  (See  nextpage. ) 


100  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


the  town,  and  prospects  indicate  a  “boom”  in  the 
near  future.  Near  the  station,  a  large  quantity  of 
hay  is  gathered,  baled  and  shipped  to  market.  The 
“city”  is  located  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  South 
Platte  River,  the  same  on  which  Fairplay  is  located, 
about  15  miles  from  the  mountains  on  the  west,  and 
near  them  on  the  east.  Stock  raising  and  the  hay 
business  are  the  principal  occupations  of  the  people. 
Fare  from  Denver,  $8.80.  Two  passenger  trains, 
each  way  daily.  See  “Post  Roads  No.  20-41.  This 
is  also  a  good  game  country  and  where  fine  trout 
are  plentiful.  “Tour”  5. 

Garfield — Or  Junction  City,  Chaffee  county, 
is  on  the  South  Arkansas  River,  twenty  miles  west 
from  the  town  of  South  Arkansas.  It  is  a  new  town 
that  sprang  into  existence  during  the  last  half  of 
the  year  1880,  and  now  numbers  about  500  popula¬ 
tion.  Cumming’s  House  is  the  principal  hotel. 
Stores  of  all  kinds,  mills  and  shops,  are  as  numer¬ 
ous  as  business  demands.  Altitude,  8,800  feet.  It  is 
situated  at  the  junction  of  the  wagon  roads  via 
Monarch  Pass  to  the  south  west,  and  Alpine  Pass 
to  the  north-west.  The  town  is  supported  princi¬ 
pally  by  the  mines  in  the  vicinity,  among  the  best 
of  which  are  the  Columbus,  Gunshot,  Brighton,  and 
the  Monarch.  Ores  are  galena  and  lead  carbonates, 
and  run  from  $60  to  $3,000.  A  large  number  of  “pros¬ 
pects”  made  late  in  the  season,  bid  fair  to  be  very 
rich  and  productive  the  following  season.  A  city 
government  has  been  organized,  and  the  infant 
camp  is  putting  on  metropolitan  airs.  The  scenery 
about  Garfield  is  grand  and  beautiful,  and  game  of 
all  kinds  abundant  in  the  hills.  Hack  from  Marys¬ 
ville  daily;  fare,  seventy-five  cents.  See  “ Marys¬ 
ville. ” 

Gem  of  the  Cordilleres — See  “  Green  Lake.” 

Georgetown — Is  situated  in  the  centre  of  the 
oldest  silver  mining  region  of  Colorado,  at  the  base 
of  the  “Snowy  Range,”  and  the  western  terminus  of 
the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  fifty  - 
two  miles  west  from  Denver;  elevation,  8,419  feet. 

Georgetown  is  the  county  seat  of  Clear  Creek 
county,  has  a  population  of  3,210,  and  some  very 
good  business  blocks ;  two  banks,  eight  stamp  mills, 
ore  sampling  and  reduction  works,  five  churches, 
good  schools,  two  weekly  newspapers,  the  Miner 
and  the  Courier,  and  quite  a  number  of  hotels,  chief 
of  which  are  the  Barton,  Hotel  de  Paris,  and  Amer¬ 
ican.  The  Barton  is  one  of  the  best  houses  in  Color¬ 
ado,  and,  together  with  its  “Annex”  opposite,  is  ca¬ 
pable  of  accommodating  200  guests.  Masonic,  Odd 
Fellows  and  other  secret  orders  have  their  halls  for 
meetings.  Gas  works  supply  the  town  with  illumi¬ 
nating  facilities ;  and  water,  the  finest  in  the  world, 
is  conducted  in  pipes  from  a  mammoth  reservoir, 
500  feet  above  the  city,  which  affords  great  protec¬ 
tion  in  case  of  fire. 

As  a  winter  resort,  the  citizens  of  Georgetown 
claim  to  have  some  advantages  over  all  other  moun¬ 
tain  towns.  Situated  as  it  is,  at  the  head  of  the  val¬ 
ley,  walled  in  on  three  sides  by  lofty  mountains, 
which  protect  it  from  the  wind  and  storms,  the  air 


is  of  great  purity,  and  the  climate  mild.  F or  these 
same  reasons,  it  is  cool  and  delightful  in  the  hot 
summer  months,  and  of  late,  has  become  quite  at¬ 
tractive  as  a  summer  resort. 

The  principal  mines  near  Georgetown  are:  the 
Glendower,  Nuckles,  New  Boston,  Magnet,  Saxon 
and  Victor.  The  most  noted  mines  from  which  ore 
is  brought  to  Georgetown  for  treatment  are  situa¬ 
ted  in  Silver  Plum,  Brownsville,  Silver  Dale,  West 
Argentine  and  Bakersfield,  under  which  headings 
they  will  be  found. 

The  first  discovery  of  silver  in  this  region,  was 
made  by  James  Huff,  September  14th,  1864;  the  loca¬ 
tion  is  about  eight  miles  above  Georgetown. 

The  Georgetown  people  boast  of  a  bit  of  scenery, 
about  ten  minutes  walk  from  the  hotel,  called  the 
“Devil’s  Gate”  and  y‘  Bridal  Veil.”  Now,  what  the 
Bridal  Veil  has  got  to  do  with  the  Devil’s  Gate,  we 
never  could  understand.  Are  they  synonymous 
words? 

Strahorn  says,  and  “  his  head  is  level "  George¬ 
town  is  unrivalled  for  the  multiplicity,  beauty  and 
interest  of  its  attractions.  The  noted  Green  Lake, 
two  miles;  those  enchanting  wonders,  “Devil’s 
Gate”  and  “Bridal  Veil,”  one-half  mile;  Gray’s 
Peak,  fourteen  miles;  Chicago  Lake,  eight  and  Em¬ 
pire,  four  miles  away,  attract  thousands  of  delight¬ 
ful  visitors  annually.”  These  wonders  can  all  be 
reached  by  good  carriage  roads,  as  also  the  Snake 
River  Pass,  where  you  can  stand,  one  foot  resting 
on  the  Atlantic,  the  other  on  the  Pacific  Slope. 
From  this  point  is  one  of  the  grandest  views  of 
mountain  sc  nery  on  the  continent,  including  the 
Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross,  so  named  by  the  early 
explorers  from  the  gigantic  cross  of  eternal  snow 
that  rests  in  u  on  the  bosom  of  the  mountain.  The 
tourist  can  here  pick  flowers  with  one  hand  and 
gather  snow  with  the  other.  See  page  27. 

Gray’s  Peak  is  leached  by  carriage-road,  and 
easy  bridle  trail  from  Georgetown.  See  “  Green 
Lake”  and  “  Gray's  Peak.” 

Middle  Park,  with  its  celebrated  hot  sulphur 
springs  —  bathing  in  which,  it  is  said,  “restores 
health  to  the  invalid  and  gives  beauty  to  the  home¬ 
ly,” — is  reached  by  stage,  which  leaves  Georgetown 
every  other  day.  See  “  Gray's  Peak,”  “  Green  Lake” 
arid  “Middle  Park,”  under  “Cities,  Towns,  etc.,” 
and  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  12.  Tour  2. 

In  conclusion— as  we  have  advised  the  tourist  in 
regard  to  the  carriage  routes  from  the  city,  it  would 
seem  quite  proper  to  state  that  there  are  several 
livery  stables  in  the  city;  but  the  one  where  the 
tourist  will  get  the  most  complete  outfit  at  the  most 
reasonable  price,  is  known  as  the  “Metropolitan 
Livery  Stable  and  Omnibus  Line,”  by  S.  W.  Nott. 

Distance  from  Denver,  fifty- two  miles,  fare,  $4.30; 
to  Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  Middle  Park,  fifty  miles, 
fare,  $6.00;  or  $11.00  the  “round  trip”;  four-horse 
coaches.  See  “Post  Roads”  No.  12.  “High  Line,” 
four-horse  coaches,  distances  and  fares  from 
Georgetown :  Silver  Plume,  one  and  a  half  miles, 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  101 


fifty  cents ;  Brownsville,  two  and  a  half  miles,  fifty 
cents;  Bakersville,  eight  miles,  $1.50;  Haywood’s, 
twenty-two  miles,  fare,  $4.00;  Montezuma,  twenty- 
eight  miles,  fare,  $5.00;  Chihuahua,  twenty-eight 
miles,  fare,  $5.00;  Decatur,  twenty-nine  miles,  fare, 
$5.00;  Dillon,  twenty-eight  miles,  fare,  $5.00;  Frisco, 
thirty  miles,  fare,  $6.00;  Breckenridge,  forty  miles, 
fare,  $6.00;  and  Kokomo,  forty  miles,  fare,  $7.00. 

Grand  Lake — in  Grand  county,  for  scenery 
that  is  grand  and  beautiful,  in  the  extreme,  is  unsur¬ 
passed  in  the  States,  but  for  hotel  accommodations, 
it  is  wonderfully  deficient. 

The  lake  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  pure,  spring  water, 

]  about  three  miles  in  length  and  two  miles  in  width, 
surrounded  on  all  sides  by  towering  pine  and  spruce 
trees,  and  on  three  sides  by  lofty  mountains,  the 
peaks  of  which  are  covered  with  a  perpetual  mantle 
of  snow.  On  the  west  side  of  the  lake  is  situated 
the  post  office,  one  store  and  saloon,  and  the  Schaf¬ 
fer  House.  On  the  north  side,  is  the  Grand  Lake 
House,  kept  by  Mr.  Waldron,  and  is  the  only  build¬ 
ing.  However,  a  town  site  has  been  surveyed,  and 
important  improvements  are  promised.  When  a 
road  is  opened  between  Grand  Lake  and  Estes 
Park,  a  distance  of  twenty-four  miles,  the  north  side 
will  be  the  most  acceptible,  as  it  is  the  most  pict¬ 
uresque. 

Boats  are  kept  on  the  lake  for  rent;  also,  fishing 
tackle,  etc.,  as  the  lake  contains  an  abundance  of 
the  finest  trout. 

Distance  from  Georgetown,  sixty-one  miles;  fare. 
$9.00;  from  Denver,  113  miles,  by  rail  and  stage ;  fare, 
$13.30;  {See  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  12  and  18)  from  Hot 
Sulphur  Springs,  twenty-four  miles;  fare,  $3.00,  or 
$5.00,  “round  trip.” 

Granite — Is  situated  on  the  Arkansas  River, 
Chaffee  county,  on  the  “Joint-Track”  Road,  between 
Leadville  and  Buena  Vista,  sixteen  miles  from  the 
latter,  and  twenty-one  miles  from' Leadville.  Post 
office,  several  stores,  a  good  depot  building,  one 
smelter,  one  stamp  mill,  and  the  Creston  Hotel,  and 
a  score  of  private  residences,  comprise  the  visible 
town  of  200.  The  invisible  portion  is  working  in 
the  lode  and  placer  mines,  surrounding  the  place 
for  miles  away,  150  more;  on  Clear  Creek,  which 
comes  down  from  the  west,  many  placer  claims  are 
being  worked.  The  smelter, works  ores  by  the  Rob¬ 
ertson  process,  and  say  they  can  make  a  profit  on 
ores  that  do  not  run  above  five  dollars  a  ton.  The 
ores  are  gold,  and  the  best  developed  are :  The  “O. 
K.,”  “Yankee  Blade,”  and  “Good  Luck.”  Granite 
was  a  busy  mining  camp  twenty  years  ago.  Dis¬ 
tance  from  Denver,  151  miles;  fare,  $13.25.  Tour  6. 

Graneros — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  Surround¬ 
ings,  cattle,  sheep  and  horses;  no  farming  lands. 

1  Distance  from  Pueblo,  twenty-six  miles;  fare,  $2.65; 
from  Denver,  146  miles ;  fare,  10.45.  Tour  7. 

Grant — Platte  Canon,  Park  county,  is  a  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
j  way,  sixty  miles  from  Denver;  fare,  $5.35.  Grant  is 


not  as  “Big  Injin”  as  the  Grant  for  whom  it  was 
named,  but,  it  is  possible  it  may  make  less 
noise.  The  mines  on  Geneva  Creek,  to  the  north¬ 
west,  have  done  well  the  last  season,  and  many  ap¬ 
parently  very  good  prospects  have  been  discov¬ 
ered.  The  Geneva  Mining  Company  have  a  mill 
kept  running  all  the  time  on  ores  from  their  own 
mines.  Ores  from  the  Levenworth  lode  have  run  as 
high  as  $2,300  to  the  ton.  The  Silver  Gem,  Mary 
Ann,  Little  Joe  and  Great  West,  are  the  principal 
mines.  Silver  and  grey  copper  are  the  kinds  of  ore 
in  this  district.  Tour  5. 

Granada — Bent  county,  is  a  small  station  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  situated 
on  the  south  side  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  a 
broad  prairie.  Stock  raising  is  the  only  business. 
The  place  has  a  good  station  building,  two  poor 
hotels,  and  several  stores  and  saloons,  and  with  the 
surroundings,  about  150  population.  It  is  137  miles 
east  from  Pueblo,  and  331  miles  west  from  Topeka. 
Fare  from  Pueblo,  $7.85. 

Greeley — the  county  seat  of  Weld  county. 
This  town  was  laid  out  in  May,  1870.  by  the  Greeley 
colony,  under  the  fostering  care  of  the  late  Hon. 
Horace  Greeley,  of  the  New  York  Tribune.  The 
colony  control  about  100,000  acres  of  as  fine  land  as 
can  be  found  in  the  State.  Extensive  canals  and 
irrigating  ditches  have  been  built,  and  water  from 
the  Cache  a  la  Poudre  furnishes  an  ample  supply 
for  all  purposes.  The  town  is  situated  on  the  Cache 
a  la  Poudre  River  four  miles  above  its  junction  with 
the  South  Platte  River. 

Greeley  has  a  population  of  1303,  with  good  busi¬ 
ness  blocks,  banks,  grain  elevator,  hotels,  schools 
and  churches,  and  two  weekly  newspapers,  the 
Greeley  Tribune  and  the  Sun.  When  the  Greeley 
colony  first  settled  in  this  country,  it  was  treeless, 
except  on  the  river  bottoms.  The  colonists  laid  out 
the  town  with  broad  streets,  planted  young  cotton¬ 
wood  trees  on  each  side  and  let  the  water  along 
near  the  roots  of  the  trees.  The  cottonwood  is  a 
thrifty  tree,  and  the  result  has  been  Greeley  is 
embowered  in  a  forest  of  shade  trees ;  in  summer, 
giving  a  cool  and  beautiful  appearance.  One  noted 
feature  of  the  town  is  the  absence  of  all  intoxicating 
drinks— for  sale.  Its  tough  on  the  “old  soakers,” 
who  now  have  to  “pack  in”  their  “nips”  on  the  sly, 
or  be  sick  and  get  a  doctor  to  give  a  prescription. 

Greeley  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Platte  River, 
about  three  miles  distant,  and  on  the  Cheyenne  Div¬ 
ision,  Union  Pacific  Railway ;  52  miles  north  from 
Denver  and  58  miles  south  from  Cheyenne.  Fare 
from  Denver,  $3.75.  “Tour”  3.  See  “Post  Roads” 
No.  1,  2,  3  arid  19. 

Greenhorn— Pueblo  county,  a  station  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  situated  on  the 
Greenhorn  River,  thirteen  miles  south  of  South 
Pueblo;  fare,  $1.35;  and  south  from  Denver,  125 
miles;  fare,  $9.15.  Cattle  and  sheep  abound  in  the 
surrounding  country.  “Tour”  7. 

Greenhorn — Pueblo  county,  a  small  post 

office  town  on  the  Greenhorn  River,  in  the  midst  of 


102  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


a  noted  stock  range,  and  where  are  some  good  farm¬ 
ing  lands,  that  with  water  grow  fine  crops  of  all 
kinds,  except  corn.  It  is  35  miles  southwest  from 
Pueblo,  on  “Post  Roads  No.  16  and  46,”  and  eighty 
miles  southwest  from  Greneros,  a  station  on  the 
line  of  the  Denver  &  Eio  Grande  Railway,  26  miles 
south  from  Pueblo ;  fare,  $5.00. 

Greenwood — Fremont  county,  is  on  Adobe 
1  Creek,  near  the  Hardscrabble,  along  which  are  scat- 
:  tering  farms  where  small  grains  and  vegetables 
thrive.  The  settlers  in  the  surrounding  country  are 
principally  devoted  to  stock-raising,  cattle  and 
sheep.  It  is  on  the  stage  road  from  Pueblo  to  Rosi- 
ta,  thirty  miles  from  Pueblo,  fare,  $3.00 ;  and  twenty 
miles  northeast  from  Rosita,  fare,  $2.00.  “Post 
Roads”  No.  47. 

Greenland — is  situated  on  the  northern  slope 
of  Arkansas  Divide,  which  separate  the  waters  of 
the  Platte  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  in  Douglas  county, 
on  the  line  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
forty-seven  miles  south  from  Denver.  Fare,  $3.05. 
Stock-raising  is  the  only  industry.  To  the  eastward, 
five  miles,  is  Spring  Yalley,  a  thriving  section  and 
beautiful  place.  “ Post  Roads”  No.  35.  Tour  6. 

Green  Lake — is  one  one  of  the  most  charm¬ 
ing  little  resorts  in  Colorado.  It  is  near  three  miles 
from  Georgetown  south,  reached  by  an  easy  wagon 
road  that  winds  up  the  side  of  the  mountains,  from 
which  there  is  a  fine  view  of  Georgetown  and  the 
valley  below.  This  beautiful  body  of  water,  half  a 
mile  long  by  a  quarter  wide,  is  without  a  peer  in  any 
land.  Attitude,  10,400  feet  above  sea  level.  In  a 
row  in  one  of  the  boats,  the  tourist  can  see  the  pet¬ 


rified  forest  standing  upright  many  feet  below  the 
surface,  with  trout  swimming  among  the  branches. 
Here  are  hatching  houses  containing  thousands  of 
California  Salmon,  of  various  ages,  while  in  the  lake 
have  been  placed  over  ten  thousand  trout,  mostly 
of  Eastern  and  Rocky  Mountain  varieties.  Tourists 
are  allowed  to  fish  at  a  charge  of  fifty  cents  for  each 
fish  caught.  Many  of  them  weigh  from  four  to  five 
pounds.  The  fish  are  very  tame,  eating  from  the 
hand.  The  boat  charges  are  twenty-five  cents  per 
hour  for  each  person.  Fine  accommodations  are 
provided  at  the  lake  for  a  limited  number  of  tourists 
at  reasonable  charges. 

Clear  Lake— is  one-fourtli  of  a  mile  above  Green 
Lake,  and  is  a  trifle  larger.  It  is  surrounded  by  tall 
pine  and  spruce  trees,  and  stocked  with  California 
Salmon,  many  of  which  will  weigh  from  seven  to 
eight  pounds.  Clear  Lake  is  2,000  feet  higher  than 
the  city  of  Georgetown,  and  is  the  source  from 
whence  the  water  supply  for  that  city  is  obtained. 

Elk  Lake— is  situated  six  miles  farther  up  the 
mountains  from  Green  Lake,  at  the  edge  of  “  timber 
line.”  It  is  twice  as  large  as  Green,  and  like  the 
latter,  has  no  visible  outlet.  The  shores  are  sandy, 
with  scattering  timber  and  evergreens,  among  which 
are  over  seventy-five  varieties  of  flowers.  One  can 
pick  flowers  with  one  hand,  and  gather  snow  with 
the  other.  Many  of  the  surrounding  peaks  are  over 
12,000  feet  in  height.  Game— such  as  bear,  deer, 
elk,  grouse  and  quail,  are  abundant  in  the  vicinity. 

“Gem  of  the  Cordilleres” — Is  still  another  lake, 
farther  up,  above  “timber  line.”  It  is  about  half 
the  size  of  Green  Lake.  On  the  west  of  this  chain 
of  lakes  rises 

Pains  Peak — Overlooking  them  all.  It  is 
reached  by  good  wagon  road,  is  four  miles  from 
Georgetown,  and  should  be  visited  by  all  tour¬ 
ists,  particularly  those  who  feel  they  have  not 
the  time  to  make  the  tour  of  all  the  lakes,  but 
desire  a  “bird’s-eye”  view  of  the  most  charming 
bit  of  Colorado  scenery.  Tour  2,  to  Georgetown. 

Grey’s  Peak — The  route  from  Denver  to 
Grey’s  Peak  is  via  the  Colorado  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway  to  Georgetown,  fifty-two  miles, 
thence  by  carriage  through  the  towns  of  Silver 
Plume  and  Brownsville,  seven  miles  to  the  junc¬ 
tion  ;  thence  up  Grizzly  Gulch,  six  miles  more, 
to  Kelso  Cabin.  This  “cabin”  is  kept  by  Mrs. 
Lane,  where  everything  will  be  found  as  “neat 
and  nice  as  wax.”  The  “cabin”  we  know  to  be 
the  best  in  this  whole  country,  to  spend  a  few 
weeks  at  while  climbing  about  and  enjoying  the 
incomparable  scenery  and  views  from  the  moun¬ 
tain  tops.  From  here  take  saddle,  or  “foot  it,” 
about  one  mile  south.  Grey’s  Peak  and  Tor- 
rey’s  Peak,  are  near  each  other.  The  first  is 
14,441  feet,  and  the  second  14,336  feet  above  sea 
level. 

The  scenery  on  the  route  is  very  beautiful, 
and  after  reaching  the  summit,  one  of  the 
grandest  mountain  views  in  the  world  lies  be- 


GREEN  LAKE,  GEORGETOWN,  COL. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  103 


fore  the  tourist.  Should  you  see 
sunrise  from  the  summit  of  this 
grand  old  mountain,  you  would 
;  feel  like  exclaiming  with  the  poet. : 

“  The  hills— the  everlasting  hills— 

How  peerlessly  they  rise ! 

Like  earth’s  gigantic  sentinels 
Discoursing  in  the  skies !  ” 

But,  the  mountain  scenery  is 
not  the  only  attraction  at  Grey’s 
Peak.  Mines  are  near,  and  some 
of  the  best,  according  to  reports, 
in  the  whole  region.  Just  above 
!  the  “cabin”  are  located  the  Rich- 
I  mond,  Stephens,  Memphis,  Mor¬ 
ris,  Netty  Knapp,  Kelso,  Baker, 

Flagstaff,  Champion,  Scandinavi¬ 
an,  Wilberton,  Black  Diamond, 

Hopeful,  Bank  Account,  the  Boss, 

Silver  Thread,  and  many  others 
that  prospect  very  rich. 

From  the  summit  of  Grey’s  Peak 
can  be  seen  the  Mount  of  Holy 
1  Cross;  to  the  south-west,  Pike’s, 

Long’s,  Lincoln,  Bross,  James’, 

Fletcher,  Blanca,  and  the  Spanish 
Peaks,  and  numberless  others ;  in 
fact,  the  view  is  almost  unlimit¬ 
ed.  See “ Georgetown.”  Seepage27. 

Grinnell — Las  Animas  county,  is  a  small  post 
office  hamlet,  in  the  extreme  southern  portion  of  the 
county,  twenty-five  miles  east  from  Trinidad ;  fare, 
$3.75.  “Post  Roads”  No.  53.  Sheep  and  cattle,  goats 
and  babies,  Americans  and  Mexicans,  half  and  half, 
comprise  the  place  and  surroundings. 

Glade — Is  a  small  station  on  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  Douglas  county,  thirty-eight 
miles  south  from  Denver;  fare,  $2.50.  Principally 
stock-raising.  The  surrounding  country  is  tim¬ 
bered  and  bluffy.  Tour  6. 

Glendale — Fremont  county,  is  a  small  ham¬ 
let  with  post  office,  situated  on  Beaver  Creek,  six 
miles  north  fi'om  the  Beaver  Creek  Station  of  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  Some  fine  farms 
and  large  herds  of  stock,  cattle,  sheep,  etc,,  are  the 
resources  of  the  settlers. 

Glendale  is  fifteen  miles  east  from  Canon  City, 
and  six  miles  north  from  Beaver  Creek  Station, 
reached  by  good  wagon  road.  Hack  from  Canon 
City,  twenty  miles.  Fare,  $2.00.  From  Denver  via 
Canon  City,  181  miles.  Fare,  $13.90.  See  “Post 
Roads  ”  No.  43.  Tour  6. 

Godfrey’s — Elbert  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
seventy-four  miles  east  from  Denver.  Fare,  $3.55. 
(Tour)  4.  The  surrounding  country  is  alive  with 
cattle,  sheep  and  horses.  Stock-raising  is  the  only 
use  for  which  this  country  is  adapted. 

Gold  Lake — Boulder  county,  is  about  three 
miles  northwest  from  Gold  Hill,  on  the  north  side  of 
Left  Hand  Creek.  It  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 


KELSO  CABIN,  GREY’S  PEAK. 

covering  about  sixty  acres.  It  is  used  as  a  reservoir 
by  the  farmers  in  the  valley  along  Left  Hand  for 
use  in  summer  for  irrigating  purposes.  The  lake  is 
kept  supplied  with  water  by  a  ditch  conducting  the 
water  from  Jim  Creek.  The  lake  is  nearly  round, 
with  a  depth  of  about  twenty-five  feet.  In  summer 
it  is  a  great  resort  for  ducks,  where  the  hunters 
have  rare  sport. 

There  are  some  good  paying  mines  in  the  vicinity, 
chief  of  which  are:  Bonanza,  Oro  Cash,  Ready 
Cash,  Greenback  and  West  Wing.  From  Boulder, 
fourteen  miles  via  stage  to  Gold  Hill.  See  “  Gold 
Hill.” . 

Gold  Hill  — is  situated  on  the  high  divide  be¬ 
tween  the  waters  of  Boulder  and  Left  Hand,  at  an 
altitude  Of  8,463  feet,  in  Boulder  county.  The  Went¬ 
worth  is  the  only  hotel,  two  stores,  post-office  and 
several  small  tradesmen  comprise  the  town.  The 
principal  mines  producing  ore  are:  Russian,  Slide, 
Cold  Spring  and  Red  Cloud.  There  are  a  great 
many  good  “  prospects  ”  in  the  vicinity. 

The  view  of  the  plains,  from  near  the  town,  is 
most  extensive,  ranging  from  Cheyenne  on  the 
north,  to  far  below  Denver  on  the  south,  and  east 
to  an  apparently  unlimited  extent.  Distance  from 
Boulder  eleven  miles,  via  stage  daily.  Fare,  $1.50. 
“  Post  Roads  ”  No.  8. 

Golden — This  city  is  often  called  the  “Lowell” 
of  Colorado,  on  account  of  the  number  of  manufac¬ 
tories  located  in  and  near  the  city,  and  its  abundant 
water  power. 

Golden  was  first  settled  in  1859,  then,  it  was  a 
lively  place,  owing  to  the  gulch  mining  on  Clear 


104  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Creek,  both  above  and  belo"vt  the  town,  but  these 
“placers”  having  been  ,worked  out,  the  place  de¬ 
clined.  In  18G3  it  took  a  step  forward  in  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  a  pottery  and  paper  mill,  the  first 
within  800  miles;  but  since  the  completion  of  the 
“Central,”  rapid  progress  has  been  made.  The  town 
now  contains  a  population  of  2,731,  three  smelting 
works;  two  sampling  works;  three  fire-brick  man¬ 
ufactories;  three  flouring  mills;  one  pressed  brick 
works;  one  iron  foundry;  one  pottery;  one  paper 
mill;  stone  and  lime  rock  quarries,  lime  kilns,  etc. 
The  Shops  of  the  “  Central”  are  located  here,  where 
most  of  their  box,  flat,  coal  and  common  cars  are 
manufactured.  Five  coal  mines  are  being  exten¬ 
sively  worked  within  a  few  miles  of  the  city.  Be¬ 
sides  these,  there  are  several  saw  mills  and  manu¬ 
factories  of  small  wares.  The  School  of  Mines  for 
the  State  is  located  here,  and  have  recently  erected 
a  fine  large  brick  building.  The  number  of  stu¬ 
dents  in  attendance  is  rapidly  increasing,  while  the 
facilities  offered  them  for  improvement  and  ad¬ 
vancement,  in  theory  and  in  practice,  are  not 
equalled  by  those  of  any  like  institution  in  the 
country,  including  the  Columbia  school  of  mines 
and  the  Boston  polytecnic. 

» 

Golden  is  the  county  seat  of  Jefferson  county,  is 
due  west  from  Denver  lOurteen  miles  by  wagon,  and 
sixteen  miles  by  railroad,  situated  on  Clear  Creek,  or 
Yasquez  Fork,  just  below  where  it  debouches  from 
the  mountains,  and  close  above  the  Table  Moun¬ 
tains,  which  rise  1,000  feet  above  the  town,  in  what 
must  have  been  at  one  time  a  great  basin  or  lake, 
before  the  waters  of  the  creek  cut  their  way  through 
to  the  plain  below. 

These  mountains  are  nearly  round,  flat  on  the  top 
and  covered  with  grass,  from  the  summit  of  which, 
a  magnificent  view  can  be  had  of  the  towns  of  Golden, 
Denver,  Boulder,  and  down  the  Platte  River  to  the 
northeast,  up  to  the  Arkansas  Divide,  to  the  south¬ 
east,  and  out  on  the  broad  plains  to  the  east,  as  far 
as  the  eye  can  reach. 

The  court  house  at  Golden,  is  of  a  fine  quality  of 
brick,  with  cut  stone  faceings,  standing  on  an  emin¬ 
ence  overlooking  the  city.  There  are  two  banks,  a 
number  of  business  blocks,  six  church  edifices,  one 
large  public  school,  capable  of  accomodating  300 
pupils,  several  hotels,  among  which  are  the  Golden, 
Johnson,  and  Astor.  Golden  has  two  weekly  papers, 
the  Colorado  Transcript,  published  by  Cap.  Geo. 
West,  a  pioneer  of  1859,  and  the  Colorado  Globe. 

Within  the  last  few  years,  water  has  been  con¬ 
ducted  through  the  principal  streets  and  trees 
planted  along  the  walks,  which  add  much  to  the 
beauty  of  the  city. 

There  are  several  quartz  mines  near  the  town,  and 
the  whole  section  is  underlaid  with  coal  mines  of 
good  quality,  some  of  which  are  successfully 
worked. 

Clear  Creek  rises  about  60  miles  from  the  city, 
emptying  its  waters  into  the  Platte  River,  four  miles 
below  Denver. 

Fare  from  Denver,  80  cents.  “Tour”  1. 


Gromer’s  Mills— Douglas  county,  is  situated 
on  the  head  of  Kiow’a  Creek,  64  miles  southeast 
from  Denver ;  fare,  $6.00.  Lumbering  and  stock  rais¬ 
ing  is  the  only  occupation  of  about  50  settlers  in  the 
vicinity.  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  32  and  33. 

Good  Night — Pueblo  county,  is  a  station  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  four  miles  west 
from  Pueblo ;  fare,  40  cents ;  from  Denver  124  miles, 
fare,  $8,25 ;  situated  on  the  Arkansas  River  bottom. 
Having  said  that  much,  we  say,  Good  Night!  Tour  6. 

Gothic  City  —  If  numbers  count,  is  the 
most  important  mining  camp  in  Gunnison  county. 
It  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Copper  Creek,  on  the 
east  bank  of  East  River;  on  the  opposite  side  of 
which,  rises  Gothic  Mountain,  to  an  alt'tude  of 
12,570  feet  above  sea  level,  and  3,070  feet  above  the 
city.  The  scenery  is  as  grand  and  beautiful  in  the 
vicinity,  as  the  mines  are  rich,  extensive  and  num¬ 
berless.  The  city  contains  a  population,  by  census, 
of  950,  all  of  whom  are  engaged  in  mining  and  mer¬ 
chandising,  directly  or  indirectly;  there  are  none 
here  for  their  health ;  yet,  it  is  a  healthy  country,  a 
poor  place  for  physicians. 

Gothic  is  the  supply  depot  or  outfitting  point  for 
many  small  mining  camps  in  the  vicinity,  and  hun¬ 
dreds  of  prospectors  who  are  picking  into  the 
mountains  in  every  direction.  She  has  many  large 
general  merchandise  stores,  hotels,  restaurants,  sa¬ 
loons,  and  shops  of  all  kinds,  and  one  "weekly  news¬ 
paper,  the  Elk  Mountain  Bonanza ;  also,  one  smelt¬ 
ing  "works,  three  saw  mills,  and  a  public  school. 
The  two  principal  hotels  are  “Old’s,”  and  “Bum’s,” 
but  the  gentlemen  keeping  them  are  not  “Old 
Bums”  but  genial  souls,  who  serve  up  many  of  the 
good  things  of  life.  The  town  was  established  June 
8th,  1879,  since  which  time  it  has  made  rapid  ad¬ 
vancement. 

Three  miles  east,  on  Copper  Creek,  are  located 
the  following  mines:  Sylvanite,  Virginia,  Jenny 
Lind,  Silver  Queen,  Iron  Duke,  Grey  Copper,  Fash¬ 
ion,  Catapult,  Big  Bonanza,  and  others.  The  ores 
are  copper,  ruby,  wire  and  native  silver,  which  run 
from  $150  to  $2,000. 

On  Rock  Creek,  six  miles  north,  are  located  the 
Whapper,  High  Tide,  Eureka,  Home  Stake,  Inter¬ 
national,  Green  Mountain  Boy,  Indicator,  Scofield, 
Texas  Ranger,  and  many  others,  that  run  from  $80 
to  $100,  carrying  heavy  in  lead  galena.  It  has  one 
smelting  works. 

On  Maroon  Creek,  twelve  miles  north-east,  are 
the  Terror,  Northern,  and  others,  that  run  $600  in 
silver  and  copper. 

On  Brush  Creek,  five  miles  south-east,  is  a  new 
camp  where  is  located  the  Luona,  that  runs  from 
$300  to  $22,000  per  ton,  in  silver;  also,  other  good 
prospects. 

On  Russtler  Gulch,  three  miles  north,  are  situated 
several  good  mines,  one  of  which  is  the  Triumph. 

On  Washington  Gulch,  four  miles  west,  are  situ¬ 
ated  a  group  of  mines,  said  to  be  very  rich,  in  which 
many  of  the  officials  connected  with  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad  are  interested. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Schofield  is  six  miles  north,  on  Rock  Creek,  popu¬ 
lation  200,  where  are  located  smelting  works. 

On  Yule  Creek,  ten  miles  northwest,  is  a  thriving 
mining  camp,  reached  by  trail  only. 

These  mines  are  all  in  the  Elk  Mountain  Mining 
District.  The  greater  portion  of  the  ore  “output” 
in  this  district  is  now  shipped  east,  to  Argo,  Lead- 
ville,  Pueblo,  and  Newark,  New  Jersey,  for  treat¬ 
ment,  at  great  expense  for  freight,  by  wagon  and 
rail.  But  these  difficulties  are  gradually  being  over¬ 
come  by  the  erection  of  mills  and  smelting  works  at 
the  mines,  scores  of  which  are  projected,  and  will  be 
built  during  the  next  year.  These,  with  the  com¬ 
pletion  of  the  railroads  in  this  county,  two  of  which 
are  reaching  out  for  the  rich  harvest  awaiting  them, 
with  all  possible  speed,  will  soon  demonstrate  the 
extraordinary  richness  of  the  Gunnison  Country. 
Coal,  bituminous,  of  good  quality,  is  found  at  differ¬ 
ent  points  near  Gothic,  but  the  mines  are  not 
worked  to  any  extent. 

Game  of  all  kinds  are  abundant  within  easy  reach 
of  Gothic,  and  the  streams  are  filled  with  the  finest 
trout. 

From  Gothic,  it  is  seven  miles  west,  by  trail,  to 
Crested  Buttes,  but  twenty  miles  by  wagon  road;  to 
Aspen,  sixteen  miles,  by  trail ;  Gunnison  City,  forty 
miles;  Scofield,  six  miles;  Buena  Yista,  seventy-one 
miles,  by  wagon  road,  stage  and  rail. 

Fare  from  Gunnison  City,  by  stage,  $6.00;  via 
Gunnison  to  South  Arkansas,  107  miles,  and  from 
Buena  Yista,  121  miles,  fare,  $12.00;  from  Denver, 
$23.65.  “  Post  Roads”  Nos.  64,  65  and  79. 

Gunnison  City — County  seat  of  Gunnison 
county,  has  become  famous  the  world  over,  as  the 
commercial  centre  of  the.  latest  new  El  Dorado  of 
America.  And  as  more  eloquent  pens  than  our 
“Faber”  have  sounded  its  praises  throughout  the 
land  in  well  merited  terms,  we  have  little  more  to 
add  than  a  plain  statement  of  its  present  status, 
leaving  out  cold  statistics  and  flights  of  fancy. 

The  valley  of  the  Gunnison,  according  to  our  geol¬ 
ogists,  was  once  a  great  lake,  the  waters  of  which 
cut  their  way  through  the  rim  of  the  great  basin, 
thus  forming  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Gunnison 
River;  said  to  be  one  of  the  most  wonderful  in  all 
its  features  on  the  face  of  the  Globe.  The  soil  in  the 
valley  is  a  light,  sandy  loam,  and  rests  upon  about 
twenty-five  feet  of  gravel,  containing  small  boulders, 
at  the  bottom  of  which,  water  of  the  best  quantity 
can  be  obtained.  Surrounding  this  great  valley, 
from  twenty  to  thirty-five  miles  distant,  are  high 
mountain  ranges,  where  are  situated  the  rich  min¬ 
eral  deposits,  and  from  which,  flow  the  Gunnison, 
Taylor,  Ohio,  Willow,  Sapinero,  West  Elk,  Beaver, 
Tomichi,  and  many  other  streams,  carrying  an 
abundance  of  water,  making  this  valley  one  of  the 
best  watered  in  the  State.  All  these  streams,  in  their 
descent  from  the  snow  clad  mountains,  tend  to  one 
central  point,  near  the  middle  of  the  valley,  where  is 
located  Gunnison  City,  which,  from  a  geographical 
stand  point,  is  destined  to  be  the  distributing  point 
for  the  surrounding  country,  Along  many  of  these 


105 


streams,  vegetables  are  grown  successfully,  and 
wild  grasses  afford  an  abundance  of  hay  that  finds  a 
ready  market  in  the  mining  regions,  and  at  good 
prices.  On  all  the  hills,  and  in  the  mountains,  the 
stock-raisers  find  an  abundance  of  the  richest  feed 
for  their  cattle  and  sheep,  of  which  the  country  is 
well  supplied. 

The  city  is  located  on  a  neck  of  land  two  miles  in 
width,  lying  between  the  Gunnison  River  on  the 
north,  and  Tomichi  Creek  on  the  south,  about  two 
miles  above  the  junction  of  the  two  streams.  The 
streets  are  laid  out  100  feet  in  width,  beside  which 
streams  of  pure  water  are  conducted,  and  many 
shade  trees  planted,  that  in  time  will  add  materially 
to  the  beauty,  as  well  as  the  health  of  the  city. 

The  altitude  of  Gunnison  City  is  7,500  feet  above 
sea  level,  being  2,303  higher  than  Denver,  and  2,695 
feet  lower  than  Leadville. 

It  contains  one  bank,  a  fine  court  house,  a  large 
school  building,  a  church  or  two,  several  hotels,  and 
a  large  hotel  building,  a  number  of  saw  mills  and 
planing  mills,  two  weekly  newspapers,  the  Demo¬ 
crat  and  the  News,  a  great  number  of  restaurants, 
saloons,  small  shops,  livery  and  sale  stables,  and 
stores  of  all  kinds.  The  census  taken  in  June,  1880r 
gave  a  population  of  882,  which  was  fully  doubled 
before  the  close  of  the  year. 

Many  of  the  merchants  of  Gunnison  City  are  of 
the  most  substantial  class,  have  large  buildings, 
of  stone  and  brick,  and  carry  very  large  stocks  of 
merchandise  of  all  kinds.  On  our  visit  to  Gunni¬ 
son,  we  met  there  one  of  Colorado’s  old  pioneers,  J. 
P.  Harlow,  Esq.,  engaged  in  the  wholesale  flour, 
grain  and  feed  business. 

Although  he  carries  as  large  a  stock  as  any  firm  in 
his  line  in  Colorado,  and  keeps  large  trains  of 
wagons  on  the  road  transporting  supplies  from  the 
railroads,  he  is  often  out  of  goods.  It  would  sur¬ 
prise  an  eastern  merchant  to  see  the  great  numbers 
of  customers,  with  the  cash  in  hand,  back  up  their 
wagons  to  this,  and  other  stores  in  Gunnison,  and 
load  supplies  for  the  mining  camps  away  up  in  the 
mountains.  Often  the  whole  stock  is  closed  out  in 
a  few  days,  as  it  is  no  unusual  occurrence  to  see 
from  ten  to  twenty  wagons  carrying  6,000  pounds 
each,  load  in  a  single  day. 

The  difficulties  at  present  experienced  by  the 
Gunnison  merchants  in  .procuring  goods  by  slow 
wagon  teams,  will  soon  be  obviated,  as  two  lines  of 
railroad  are  now  building  towards  the  City,  and 
without  doubt,  one,  if  not  both,  will  reach  Gunni¬ 
son  before  the  close  of  1881. 

Besides  the  great  mineral  wealth  in  gold,  silver 
and  precious  metals,  tributary  to  Gunnison  City, 
are  her  coal  mines,  which  are  quite  numerous.  At 
Carbon  Mountain,  eighteen  miles  north,  via  Ohio 
Creek,  are  large  deposits  of  bituminous  coal,  which 
are  mined  and  used  in  the  city,  and,  also,  in  the  ad¬ 
joining  towns.  Anthracite  coal  is  also  found  in  sev¬ 
eral  localities,  that  is  said  to  equal  the  coal  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Timber  is  also  abundant  in  the  surrounding  moun- 


106  CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


are  in  demand  at  $3.25  per  day.  Board  costs 
$6.00  per  week. 

The  nearest  railroad  station  is  Bawlins,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  150  miles  north;  of  this 
distance,  124  miles  can  be  made  by  stage  to 
Dixon;  fare,  $7.00,  from  which  there  is  only  a 
trail.  A  trail  also  leads  south  to  Hayden,  twenty 
miles.  The  mails  are  transported  on  horseback, 
in  summer,  and  snow  shoes  in  winter.  Here  is  a 
fine  opportunity  for  a  “tenderfoot”  to  learn  to 
use  snow  shoes. 


RED  ROCK  SPIRES,  NEAR  BOULDER. 

tains,  as  well  as  game,  both  large  and  small,  of  all 
kinds.  Trout,  well,  the  Gunnison  and  San  Juan 
countries  are  the  trouts’  homes,  any  ordinary  tender¬ 
foot  can  catch  them. 

Distances  and  fares :  To  Gothic,  forty  miles,  fare, 
$6.00;  Crested  Buttes,  thirty-six  miles,  fare,  $5.00; 
Irwin,  thirty  miles,  fare,  $5.00;  Buena  Yista,  eighty- 
one  miles,  fare,  $12.00;  Howeville,  twenty-four  miles, 
fare,  $3.50;  White  Earth,  sixteen  miles,  fere,  $2.50; 
Alamosa,  160  miles,  fare.  $20.00;  South  Arkansas, 
sixty-seven  miles,  fare,  $11.00;  Lake  City,  fifty-six 
miles,  fare,  $7.00;  Ouray,  seventy-five  miles,  fare, 
$10.00.  See  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  64,  65,  66,  76  and  79. 

Guy  Gulcli  — Jefferson  comity,  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way,  six  miles  west  from  Golden  and  twenty-one 
miles  from  Denver;  fare,  $1.40.  Near  are  many 
evidences  of  placer  mining,  but  little  has  been  done 
since  1860. 

Gwillensville — El  Paso  comity,  is  situated 
on  the  northern  slope  of  the  Arkansas  Divide,  at 
the  head  of  Cherry  Creek,  five  miles  east  from  Mon¬ 
ument  Station,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Rail¬ 
way.  Timber  and  grazing  are  the  only  resources  of 
the  settlers.  “Post  Road”  No.  36.  See  “Monument.” 

Halm’s  Peak — Routt  comity,  is  in  the  centre 
of  a  placer  mining  region,  twenty  miles  north  of 
Hayden,  and  about  twenty-six  miles  southeast  from 
Dixon,  Wyoming  Territory,  and  in  the  extreme 
eastern  portion  of  the  Elk  Head  Mountains.  Popu¬ 
lation,  150.  Here  is  located  extensive  hydraulic 
works,  and  good-placer  mines.  Experienced  miners 


Game  abounds  in  this  region.  Stock-raisers 
occupy  the  country  adjacent  on  Elk  River  to  the 
eastward.  Twelve  miles  northeast  are  also  lo¬ 
cated  valuable  placer  mines,  as  yet  hardly  pros¬ 
pected. 

Hall  Valley  — Situated  in  Park  county,  on 
the  eastern  slope  of  the  mountains,  on  the  wagon 
road  to  Montezuma,  six  miles  northwest  from 
Webster,  a  station  on  the  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway.  Population  350.  Distance 
from  Denver  seventy-six  miles.  Pare,  $5.65  by 
rail,  and  seventy-five  cents  by  hack.  Mining  is  j 
the  principal  industry  of  the  people.  The  ores 
are  chiefly  galena,  with  copper  and  copper  car¬ 
bonates.  Some  of  the  mines  produce  brittle  sil¬ 
ver  and  galena;  others  fine  specimens  of  mala¬ 
chite  and  azurite  copper  ores.  Some  of  the 
handsomest  specimens  of  peacock  copper  ore 
have  been  found  here.  Many  years  ago  this  valley 
and  vicinity  were  known  to  be  rich  in  minerals,  and 
steady  shipments  have  gone  forward  yearly.  But 
recently  a  great  revival  in  mining  has  started  up. 
The  principal  mines  are:  Whale,  Hope,  Newark, 
Comet,  Leftwick,  Missouri,  Great  Eastern,  Cashier, 
Millionaire,  Rip  Yan  Winkle,  Brooklyn  and  Cham¬ 
pion. 

Most  of  the  ore  shipments  are  made  to  Argo,  oth¬ 
ers  go  to  Golden,  the  Gen  we  Smelter,  and  to  the  ! 
east.  Webster  is  the  shipping  point.  “  See  Post  ; 
Road  ”  No.  40. 

Hamilton — is  a  small  village  on  Tarryall 
Creek,  Park  county,  two  miles  northwest  of  Como, 
a  small  station  on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway.  Population  150.  Mining  and  stock- 
raising  are  the  principal  occupations  of  the  people. 

It  is  on  the  wagon  road  to  Breckenridge,  and  soon 
will  be  reached  by  the  rails  of  the  Breckenridge 
Branch  of  the  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  now  building.  This  place  was  known  in 
1860  as  “  Tarryall- diggings,”  at  which  time  it  was  a 
busy  town  of  many  hundred  people,  working  in  the 
placers,  in  the  near  vicinity,  and  for  miles  up  the 
creek  in  the  mountains.  For  years  these  mines 
have  been  abandoned,  but  companies  are  now 
at  work  preparing  hydraulic  appliances,  and  soon 
will  be  washing  out  the  gold.  There  are  also 
some  valuable  quartz  mines  near.  The  Dunbar 
House  is  the  only  hotel  at  Hamilton.  Distance 
from  Como,  two  miles;  Breckenridge,  sixteen 
miles ;  Denver,  ninety  miles,  rail  and  stage ;  eighty- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


eight  miles  by  rail  to  Como,  fare,  $7.35;  stages, 
two  miles,  fare,  twenty-five  cents;  total  fare,  $7.60. 
Tour  5. 

Hancock — Chaffee  county,  twenty-two  miles 
west  from  Nathrop,  ten  miles  west  from  Alpine,  and 
two  miles  east  from  the  eastern  end  of  the  Alpine 
Tunnel.  It  is  on  the  “Joint  Track”  of  the  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway— Gunnison  Extension.  The 
location  and  surroundings  are  very  beautiful,  being 
at  the  head  of  Chalk  Creek,  in  a  little  valley  with 
high  snow-clad  mountain  peaks  on  all  sides.  At  the 
date  of  writing,  January  1st,  1881,  Hancock  is  not 
six  months  old,  yet  it  has  five  stores,  hotels,  many 
saloons  and  restaurants,  two  saw  mills,  and  a  pop¬ 
ulation  of  upwards  of  200.  Several  good  mines  are 
in  the  vicinity,  mostly  galena  ores.  The  principal 
ones  working  are :  Ridgeway,  Stonewall,  Dan  Allen, 
Lula,  Immogene  and  Kennebec.  Laborers  are  in 
demand;  wages  $2.50  per  day;  miners  $3.00  per  day. 
Fare  from  Denver,  by  rail,  $13.75.  Tour  5. 

Hartsel — Park  county,  post  office  and  hotel. 
Hartsel  Hot  Sulphur  Springs  are  located  here.  Sit¬ 
uated  on  the  Little  Platte  River,  at  the  junction  Of 
the  Canon  City,  Colorado  Springs,  and  Fairplay 
wagon  road,  near  the  centre  of  the  South  Park 
from  east  to  west,  from  which  place  it  is  fifty-five 
miles  to  Canon  City,  sixty-three  miles  to  Colorado 
Springs,  112  miles  to  Denver,  and  eight  miles  south¬ 
east  from  Garos,  a  station  on  the  South  Park  Divis¬ 
ion,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  A  large,  comfortable 
hotel  has  been  erected  at  this  place  for  the  accom¬ 
modation  of  those  who  wish  to  stop  and  test  the  ef¬ 
ficacy  of  the  waters,  which  are  claimed  to  work 
wonders  in  cases  of  rheumatism,  asthma  and  kin¬ 
dred  diseases,  We  sought  to  procure  an  analysis  of 
the  waters,  but  without  success.  Altitude,  8,809 
feet.  Six  miles  east  of  Hartsel  are  other  Hot  Sul¬ 
phur  Springs,  said,  also,  to  be  valuable.  Game  of 
all  kinds,  such  as  elk,  deer,  antelope,  and  bear,  can 
be  found  near;  also,  the  finest  trout  fishing. 
Surroundings,  hay  grounds,  rolling  prairie;  some 
timber  and  distant  mountains. 

Fare  from  Denver,  rail  and  hack,  via  Garos,  104 
miles;  hack,  eight  miles;  fare,  $9.80  by  rail,  and 
$1.00  hack.  Situated  on  “Post  Roads' ’  Nos.  38  and 
44.  Tour  5. 

Husteds — El  Paso  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  sixty-two  miles 
south  from  Denver,  fare  $4,00,  and  thirteen  miles 
north  from  Colorado  Springs.  Lumbering  and 
stock-raising  are  the  only  occupations  of  the  set¬ 
tlers.  Tour  6. 

Haverly — Gunnison  county,  is  the  last  name, 
so  far  as  we  are  informed,  for  Ruby,  Ruby  Camp, 
Silver  Gate,  etc.,  in  Ruby  Mining  District.  It  is  sit¬ 
uated  one-quarter  of  a  mile  below  Irwin,  separated 
only  by  a  villianous  bit  of  road,  and  as  the  mining 
and  mercantile  interests  of  the  town  are  identical, 
we  shall  describe  them  as  one  place,  under  the 
-  name  of  “Irwin.” 


107  , 


Hayden — Lake  county,  is  a  small  station  on 
the  “Joint- Track,”  between  Buena  Vista  and  Lead- 
ville,  twenty-three  miles  north  from  Buena  Vista, 
on  the  Arkansas  River.  It  is  the  station  for  Twin 
Lakes.  Fare  from  Buena  Vista,  $2.20;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  $13.80.  Tour  6. 

Hayden  Creek — Fremont  county,  is  a  small 
post  office  town,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Arkansas  River,  on  Hayden  Creek,  a  small  stream. 
It  is  two  miles  southeast  from  Vallie,  a  station  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  From  Hayden 
Creek,  a  trail  leads  over  the  mountains  to  Villa 
Grove,  west,  twelve  miles  via  Hayden  Pass.  Stock 
raisers  and  a  few  ranchmen  possess  the  country. 
See  “Vallie.”  Tour  6. 

Hayden— County  seat  of  Routt  county,  is  sit¬ 
uated  on  Yampa  River,  twenty  miles  west  from 
Steamboat  Springs.  Some  placer  mines  and  more 
stock-raisers.  It  is  reached  by  stage  from  Rawlins, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  170  miles  north;  fare, 
$10.00. 

Haywood— Summit  county,  consists  of  a 
post  office,  hotel,  ranch  and  wayside  eating  house, 
all  in  one  log  cabin,  situated  on  the  “High  Line” 
stage  road,  between  Georgetown  and  Kokomo, 
twenty-two  miles  from  the  former  and  eighteen 
miles  from  the  latter.  It  is  situated  at  the  junction 
of  the  wagon  roads  via  Loveland  and  Argentine 
Passes,  and  also,  at  the  junction  of  the  North  and 
South  Forks  of  Snake  River.  Fare  from  George¬ 
town,  reached  by  stage,  daily,  $4.00 ;  from  Denver, 
seventy-four  miles,  by  rail  and  stage,  fare,  $8.30. 
“Post  Roads”  No.  13. 

Haywood — Chaffee  county,  is  five  miles  west 
from  Nathrop,  on  the  “Joint  Track”  of  the  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  the  Den¬ 
ver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  Gunnison  Extension,  on 
Chalk  Creek.  Here  is  located  the  Haywood  Hot 
Springs,  a  hotel  and  several  bath  houses,  and  per¬ 
haps  fifty  people  in  the  neighborhood.  These 
springs  are  said  to  be  of  great  benefit  in  cases  of 
rheumatism  and  kindred  diseases.  We  applied  to 
the  proprietor  of  the  springs  for  an  analysis  of  the 
waters  for  free  publication ;  but,  for  some  reasons 
unknown  to  this  deponent,  it  was  withheld.  May 
be  for  want  of  enterprise ,  who  knows?  Fare  from 
Denver,  by  rail,  $12.20.  Tour  5. 

Henderson  Island— Arapahoe  county,  is  a 
small  station  on  the  Cheyenne  Division,  Union  Pa¬ 
cific  Railway,  fifteen  miles  north  from  Denver.  The 
station  was  named  from  an  island  in  the  Platte 
River,  just  opposite,  once  occupied  by  the  some¬ 
what  notorious  Cap.  Jack  Henderson,  of  Kansas. 
Fare,  $1.00.  Tour  3. 

Hermosa — La  Plata  county,  is  on  the  Rio  de 
las  Animas,  in  the  centre  of  a  rich  agricultural  sec¬ 
tion,  and  the  Animas  Park,  where  are  grown  vege¬ 
tables  of  all  kinds  in  profusion,  supplying  the 
markets  of  Silverton,  to  the  north,  thirty-six  miles, 
and  Animas  City  and  Durango,  south,  ten  and  twelve 
miles  respectively.  It  is  on  the  San  Juan  Extension 


.108  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway  to  Silverton, 
and  will  be  a  railroad  station  before  the  close  of 
1881.  Hot  Spring’s  are  near  the  town,  but  no  accom¬ 
odations  for  tourists,  except  a  small  ranch  inn. 

Population,  about  200,  all  of  whom  are  engaged  in 
putting  up  hay  and  raising  vegetables  in  summer. 
Pare,  15  cents  per  mile.  “Post  Road,”  No.  68.  See 
“Animas  City ”  and  “ Silverton ,”  for  distances  and 
fares  east. 

Hermitage  —  Grand  county,  situated  on 
Muddy  Creek,  eight  miles  northwest  from  Trouble¬ 
some;  consists  of  a  ranch  and  post  office.  It  is  on 
the  line  of  the  Blue  River  &  Colorado  Western  Rail¬ 
road,-  projected.  It  is  reached  by  trail  from  Hot  Sul¬ 
phur  Springs  via  Troublesome,  twenty  miles.  See 
“ Sulphur  Springs.” 

Higbee — Bent  county,  on  the  Las  Animas 
River,,  is  a  post  office  and  ranch,  surrounded  by 
stock  raisers.  It  is  twenty-five  miles  southwest 
from  West  Las  Animas,  on  “Post  Road”  No.  51 ;  fare, 
$3.75.  See  “  West  Las  Animas.” 

Highland  Mary — A  small  mining  town  in 
San  Juan  country.  Cunningham  Gulch,  nine  miles 
east  from  Silverton.  Here  are  located  some  of  the 
most  valuable  mines  in  the  San  Juan  country,  and 
also  one  of  the  most  complete  works  for  ore  treat¬ 
ment.  The  Highland  Mary  mine  is  the  chief  among  a 
score  or  more  that  approximate  it  closely,  that  runs 
from  $300  to  $500.  The  ores  are  an  argentiferous  gal¬ 
ena,  with  grey  copper  of  high  grade.  Some  select 
ores  running  as  high  as  $5,000  per  ton.  The  vein  is 
fifteen  feet  between  gaugue  walls,  and  contains  a 
rich  pay  streak  of  fifteen  to  twenty-two  inches. 
The  town  is  reached  by  trail  from  Silverton. 

Hillsborough — is  in  Weld  county,  situated 
on  Big  Thompson  Creek,  where  the  bottom  lands 
are  from  three  to  four  miles  in  width,  and  very 
productive.  Wheat,  sheep  and  cattle  abound. 
From  Greeley,  west  twelve  miles.  Fare,  $1.00. 
Loveland,  east  nine  miles.  Fare,  seventy-five 
cents.  Stage  four  times  a  week.  See  Tours  1  and 
3,  for  Greeley  and  Loveland. 

Hillerton — Gunnison  county,  is  on  Willow 
Creek,  in  one  of  the  most  beautiful  little  parks  in 
;  Colorado,  about  two  miles  long,  half  a  mile 
;  wide.  It  is  sheltered  by  high  mountains,  covered 
i  with  a  dense  growth  of  pine  timber,  and  like  a 
j  jewel,  rests  in  the  centre  of  the  richest  emerald 
setting.  These  same  mountains  are  said  to  contain 

1  the  wealth  of  nations,  a  portion  of  which  is  daily 
being  developed  by  the  citizens  of  Hillerton.  The 
,  town  contains  one  smelting  works,  post-office,  sev- 
1  eral  general  merchandise  stores,  one  bank,  one 
hotel,  the  New  England  House,  where  you  pay  the 
highest  price  for  the  most  ordinary  spread.  Sev¬ 
eral  saw  mills  and  some  comfortable  private  resi¬ 
dences,  with  a  population  of  about  200.  There  are 
hundreds  of  lode  mines  in  the  vicinity,  many  of 
which  are  known  to  be  rich,  but  little  is  being  done 
in  development,  further  than  the  necessary  assess¬ 
ment  work  to  secure  the  title. 

The  principal  mines  being  worked  are :  Adeline, 
Little  Earl,  and  What  Is  It. 

Hillerton  is  two  miles  north  from  Tin  Cup,  or  Vir¬ 
ginia  City;  thirty  miles  west  from  Buena  Vista,  and 
sixteen  miles  north  from  Pitkin,  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Sawache  Range  of  Mountains,  in  the 
midst  of  the  “Hunter’s  Paradise.” 

It  is  reached  by  rail  and  stage  via  Alpine  Pass ; 
fare,  $5.00 ;  “Post  Road”  No.  4;  liable  to  change  as 
Railroad  is  extended. 

Holly’s  -Bent  county,  a  small  station  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  Arkansas  River,  145  miles  east 
from  Pueblo  ;  fare,  $3.20.  Tour  8. 

Hortense — Chaffee  county,  a  small  station 
on  the  “Joint  Track”  of  the  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  Gunnison  Extension,  on  Chalk 
Creek,  six  miles  west  from  Nathrop. 

Here  are  the  famous  Hortense  Hot  Springs,  and 
the  Hortense  group  of  mines,  the  Hortense  hotel, 
and  the  Hortense  post  office,  kept  by  Hortense. 
Everything  is  Hortense.  The  Hortense  mine  is  un¬ 
der  the  management  of  Mr.  Eugene  Teats,  formerly 
of  Central  City,  which  is  a  bonanza.  He  is  taking 
out  and  jacking  to  town,  two  tons  of  ore  per  day, 
that  nets  the  mine  $100  per  ton.  The  ore  is  shipped 
to  Argo.  Fare  from  Denver,  $12.20.  Tour  5. 

.  Horseshoe — Park  county,  situated  in  Horse¬ 
shoe  Gulch,  twelve  miles  northwest  from  Garos, 
twelve  miles  east  from  Leadville,  and  seven  miles 
south  of  west  from  Fairplay.  It  is  a  new  town; 
population,  .300;  in  the  summer  months,  800;  alti¬ 
tude  11,500.  It  has  two  stores,  each  of  which  did 
a  business  of  $5,000  a  month,  in  1880;  two  hotels,  the 
Leadville  and  the  Palmer,  one  smelter,  and  one  saw 
mill,  and  one  saw  mill  and  smelter  in  process  of 
erection.  Teaming,  lumbering,  and  m  ning  are  the 
principal  occupations  of  the  people.  The  minerals 
in  the  vicinity  are  very  rich,  some  running  as  high 
as  1,000  ounces  in  silver.  The  ores  are  carbonates, 
galena,  and  sulphurites,  also,  some  iron  and  galena 
mines.  The  Peerless,  Badger  Boy,  Last  Chance, 
Dauntless,  Crusader,  Sacramento,  and  Mudsill,  are 
the  principal  producing  mines.  Laborers  will  be  in 
demand  in  the  spring  and  summer  of  1881.  Fare 
from  Fairplay,  hack,  seventy-five  cents ;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  119  miles,  via  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pa¬ 
cific  Railway,  $10.55.  Tour  5. 

Hot  Sulphur  Springs  —  Middle  Park, 

Grand  county,  is  a  small  town,  situated  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Grand  River,  near  the  centre  of  the 
Park,  in  a  grassy  little  valley  at  the  head  of  Troub¬ 
lesome  Canon.  It  consists  of  a  post  office,  two 
stores  of  general  merchandise,  two  hotels,  the  Kin¬ 
ney  and  Queary,  three  livery  stables,  a  number  of 
rustic  summer  residences,  and  a  population,  in  win¬ 
ter  of  a  dozen  or  more,  but  in  summer  several  hun¬ 
dred.  Many  people  come  here  in  the  summer  and 
camp  out  for  months.  The  Hot  Springs  are  located 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Grand  River,  reached  by  a 

CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE .  109 

substantial  wagon  road  bridge,  and  have  become 
noted  the  world  over.  The  waters  boil  up  from  the 
base  of  a  cliff,  at  a  temperature  of  117  degrees. 

Analysis  of  100,000  parts  of  water  made  by  Prof. 
Mallett,  Jr.,  are : 


Carbonate  of  Soda . 38.44 

“  Lithia .  Trace 

Lime . 11.02 

“  Iron . .  2.34 

Sulphate  of  Potassa .  2.90 

“  Soda . 43.06 

Chloride  of  Sodium . 22.48 

Ammonia . Trace 


Total . 120.24 

Gasses . Car.  a  c. 


The  bathing  accommodations  consist  of  a  swim¬ 
ming  bath  in  a  stone  building,  and  four  small,  private 
bath-rooms;  charges,  fifty  cents,  or  twelve  tickets 
for  $5.00.  On  the  east  side  of  the  river,  near  the 
town,  is  a  Cold  Sulphur  Spring,  but  it  is  “running 
wild,”  and  not  kept  in  condition  for  use.  Game  is 
abundant  in  the  vicinity,  also,  trout.  The  Springs 
are  fifty  miles  west  from  Georgetown,  on  “Post 
Road”  No.  12;  stage  fare  $6.00;  from  Denver,  by 
rail  and  stage,  102  miles;  fare,  $10.30;  to  Grand 
Lake,  twenty-four  miles;  fare,  $3.00,  or  $5.00  the 
“round  trip.”  See  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  1 7  and  18. 

Hot  Springs — Ouray  county,  is  on  the  Ute 
Indian  Reservation,  and  the  Uncompaligre  River, 
nine  miles  north  from  Ouray.  These  Springs  are 
said  to  possess  some  medicinal  qualities.  Baths  are 
provided  for  tourists,  but  the  greater  number  who 
patronize  them  are  Indians.  They  are  surrounded 
by  agriculturalists  and  stock-raisers.  See  “Ouray.” 

Huerfano  —  (Pronouned  Warf-a-no,)  Huer¬ 
fano  county,  is  a  small  station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  thirty-six  miles  south  from  Pu¬ 
eblo;  fare,  $3.65;  and  156  miles  from  Denver;  fare, 
$11.45.  Stock-raising  is  the  only  occupation  of  the 
people.  The  country  is  a  high,  undulating  prairie, 
covered  with  the  richest  grasses.  Tour  7.  “Post 
Road”  No.  50. 

Howartlville — San  Juan  county,  is  situated 
in  Baker’s  Park,  on  the  Rio  de  las  Animas,  at  the 
mouth  of  Cunningham  Gulch.  It  is  five  miles  north 
from  Silverton,  and  four  miles  below  Eureka.  The 
village,  proper,  consists  of  several  stores  and  sa¬ 
loons,  one  small  reduction  works,  about  thirty  build¬ 
ings  of  all  kinds,  and  a  population  of  150.  Up  Cun¬ 
ningham  Gulch  are  located  the  Pride  of  the  West, 
Philadelphia,  Green  Mountain,  Shenandoah,  Bruce, 
and  Highland  Mary  Mines,  that  carry  galena,  grey 
!  copper  and  native  silver,  and  run  from  $40  to  $2,000 
i  per  ton.  TheNeigold  Concentration  Works  are  lo- 
|  cated  a  short  distance  up  the  Gulch.  For  Distan¬ 
ces  and  Fares  see  “Silverton.”  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  76 
and  30. 

Howville  —  Or  better  -  known  as  “  J ack’s 
Cabin,”  is  on  the  east  bank  of  East  River,  about  six 
miles  above  its  junction  with  Taylor  River.  It  is  in 
a  beautiful  grassy  valley,  about  ten  miles  long  and 
.  half  a  mile  wide,  covered  with  cattle  and  sheep. 

— 


The  place  consists  of  two  hotels,  two  groceries,  two  ! 
saloons,  two  restaurants,  one  postoffice,  and  all  con¬ 
tained  in  two  buildings.  Altitude  8,300  feet. 

Jack  Howe,  for  whom  the  place  is  named,  keeps 
one  of  the  hostleries,  and  a  prince  of  good  fellows 
is  he  for  the  kind  of  business.  For  a  sojourn  of  a 
few  weeks,  to  hunt  and  fish,  where  game  and  fish  are 
abundant,  we  know  of  no  better  place  than  at 
Jack’s  Cabin,  with  “Jack”  as  a  guide.  It  is  on  the 
north  and  south  road  from  Gunnison  City  to  Crested 
Butte  and  Gothic,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  road 
from  the  east,  via  Cottonwood  and  Alpine  Passes. 
Distance  from  Gothic,  sixteen  miles;  Crested  Butte, 
twelve  miles;  Gunnison  City,  twenty-four  miles; 
and  twenty  miles  from  Irwin ;  South  Arkansas,  via 
Gunnison  City,  ninety-one  miles;  fare  from  Buena 
Yista,  via  Gunnison  City,  by  hack,  $11.00;  from 
South  Arkansas,  via  Gunnison  City,  ninety-one 
miles,  fare,  $14.60;  distance  by  direct  wagon  road, 
fromBuena  Yista,  fifty-five  miles.  “  See  Post  Roads” 
Nos.  64,  65  and  79. 

Howard’s— Fremont  comity,  town  of  Pleas¬ 
ant  Yalley  is  on  the  Arkansas  River  and  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway,  forty-four  miles  west  from 
Canon  City,  fare,  $4.40.  The  surroundings  are 
stock-men;  fine  grazing  lands,  mountains,  and  little 
mountain  valleys;  good-  hunting,  and  fishing,  to¬ 
gether  with  fine  scenery.  Distance  from  Denver 
205  miles,  fare,  $16.30.  Tour  6. 

Howland — Lake  county,  on  the  East  Fork  of 
the  Arkansas  River,  eight  miles  north  from  Lead- 
ville,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  It  is 
situated  in  a  little  park,  surrounded  by  high  moun¬ 
tains,  presenting  some  very  beautiful  scenery. 
Game  is  abundant.  Some  good  mines  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity,  the  principal  one  is  the  Little  Doty,  which  runs 
thirty-two  ounces  of  gold  to  the  ton.  Population 
about  100  in  the  vicinity.  Fare  to  Leadville,  sev¬ 
enty-five  cents;  to  Denver,  180  miles,  fare,  $15.75. 

Hugo — Elbert  county,  105  miles  east  from 
Denver,  is  an  eating  station  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  not  much  of 
that.  Tour  4.  One  store,  a  saloon  and  several  pri¬ 
vate  residences  are  situated  on  the  broad  rolling 
prairie,  occupied  by  stock-raisers.  Fare,  $5.15. 

Huerfano  Canon — Huerfano  county,  is  a 
post  office  situated  at  the  junction  of  Big  Turkey 
Creek  with  the  Huerfano ;  devoted  principally  to 
stock  raising.  It  is  reached  by  “Post  Road”  No.  54, 
and  is  seventeen  miles  northwest  from  Walsenburg, 
fare,  $2.50.'  See  “Walsenburg.” 

Hutchinson  —  Jefferson  county,  is  a  post 
office  at  the  junction  of  four  wagon  roads.  It  is 
twelve  miles  southwest  from  Morrison;  thirteen 
miles  west  from  Enterprise,  and  six  miles  south 
from  Evergreen.  There  appears  to  be  no  regular 
public  conveyance. 

Idaho  Springs — Situated  in  Clear  Creek 
county,  on  South  Clear  Creek,  twenty  miles  west  of 
Golden,  and  sixteen  miles  east  of  Georgetown— ele¬ 
vation  7,515  feet.  The  population  number  1,300, 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


most  of  whom  are  engaged  in  mining,  in  the  imme¬ 
diate  vicinity.  There  are  some  good  business 
blocks,  two  concentrating  works,  one  stamp  mill,  a 
bank,  stores  and  small  shops  of  all  kinds,  many  fine 
private  residences,  and  several  hotels,  besides  a 
number  of  boarding  houses.  The  Beebe  House  is 
the  principal  hotel. 

During  1880,  the  railroad  company  completed  a 
very  comfortable  depot  building;  water  works  were 
voted;  two  newspapers  made  their  appearance — the 
Iris  and  Advance — both  weekly,  and  a  great  many 
new  buildings  completed,  and  altogether  the  city  is 
putting  on  many  metropolitan  airs. 

Idaho  rests  in  a  little  park  nearly  two  miles  in 
length,  east  and  west,  by  about  one-fourth  mile  in 
j  width ;  the  land  gently  sloping  to  the  southward. 
The  streets  are  broad,  beside  which  are  rows  of 
planted  trees,  thrifty  and  beautiful. 

|  In  April,  1859,  gold  was  discovered  in  paying  quan¬ 
tities,  on  what  is  known  now  as  Chicago  Creek, 
a  small  stream  that  comes  down  from  the  south, 
opposite  Idaho,  but  these  placer  diggings  were 
soon  worked  out,  and  then  came  the  search 
for  quartz  mines,  the  result  of  which  has 
!  made  this  county  one  of  the  most  noted  in  the 
mountains  as  a  gold  and  silver  producing  region. 

Numerous  quartz  mills  and  many  rich  lodes  are 
situated  near  Idaho  The  veins  are  all  true  fissure, 
traversing  a  granite  formation,  and  carrying  gold, 
silver,  copper  and  lead  ores.  Many  of  these  mines 
|  have  in  the, past,  and  are  at  the  present  time,  yield¬ 
ing  an  enormous  amount  of  wealth.  Some  of  the 
principal  mining  properties  are  •  Seaton,  Freeland, 
Hukill,  Stephens’  Properties,  Lone  Tree,  Tropic, 


Fairmount,  Schaffter,  Hudson,  Great  Republic,  and 
many  others. 

Idaho,  for  its  hot  cold  and  mineral  springs— and 
swimming  baths — has  become  noted  as  an  attractive 
summer  resort.  It  is  claimed  the  waters  contain 
rare  medicinal  properties,  and  are  nearly  identical, 
in  chemical  ingredients  and  temperature,  with  the 
celebrated  Carlsbad  waters  of  Germany.  Prof. 
Pohel  gives  the  following  as  the  analysis  of  the 
water  in  proportion  to  the  gallon. 


Carbonate  of  Soda . 30.80 

“  “  Lime . . . .  9.52 

“  “  Magnesia . 2.88 

“  “  Iron . i . .  4.12 

Sulphate  of  Soda . 29.36 

“  “  Magnesia . 18.72 

“  “  Lime .  3.44 

Chloride  of  Sodium .  4.16 

“  “  Calcium  and  Magnesium',  of 

each  a  trace. 

Sillicate  of  Soda .  4.08 


Grains . 107.00 


At  the  springs  are  two  swimming  baths,  one  thirty 
by  fifty  feet,  five  feet  deep,  the  other  twenty  by  for¬ 
ty  and  four  feet  deep,  also  private  baths,  varying  in 
temperature  from  60  to  110  deg.  fahr.,  so  arranged 
that  the  bather  has  full  control  of  the  temperature 
of  the  water.  Besides  the  springs  above  named, 
there  is,  in  close  proximity,  a  cold  mineral  spring  of 
sparkling,  effervescent  water,  which,  for  drinking 
purposes,  is  very  excellent. 

Good  accommodations  can  be  had  at  the  hotels 
and  boarding  houses,  prices  ranging  from  $7.00  to 
$14  per  week. 

Idaho  is  reached  from  Denver,  in  thirty-six  miles 
by  rail  via  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  fare,  $3.00.  Distance  to  Central  City, 
seven  miles,  fare,  $1.00;  to  Brookvale,  twelve 
miles,  fare,  $1.50.  Tour  2. 

Irwin— Gunnison  county,  the  principal 
town  in  the  Ruby  Mining  District;  is  situated 
on  Ruby  Gulch,  one  mile  above  its  junction 
with  Coal  Creek,  away  up  in  the  mountains,  at 
an  altitude  of  10,044  feet  above  sea  level.  It  is 
eight  miles  west  from  Crested  Buttes,  and  thirty 
miles  northwest  from  Gunnison  City,  on  the 
old  White  River  Indian  trail,  and  one-fourth 
mile  above  a  small  place  of  250  population, 
called  at  variovs  times,  Silver  Gate,  Ruby 
Camp,  and  Haveily. 

The  people  in  this  region  are  engaged  in 
mining,  lumbering,  and  mercantile  pursuits; 
mining,  principally.  The  ores  are  silver  bear¬ 
ing,  carrying:  biittle,  wire,  ruby,  horn,  and 
native  silver,  with  arsenical  iron. 

The  city  and  surroundings  contain  a  great 
number  of  stores,  of  all  kinds,  one  stamp  mill, 
one  large  sampling  works,  six  saw  mills,  one 
bank,  three  church  edifices,  Episcopalian,  Meth¬ 
odist,  and  Presbyterian,  one  theatre,  many  ho¬ 
tels,  chief  of  which  is  the  Elk  Mountain  House, 
a  brass  band,  and  one  weekly  newspaper,  the 
Pilot. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE . 

Ill 

SUMMIT  LAKE. 

.Besides  the  silver  lodes,  there  are,  within  five 
miles  of  tFe  town,  west,  beds  of  coal,  the  veins  of 
which  are  from  five  to  forty  feet  in  thickness. 
This  coal  cokes  well,  is  anthracite,  and  contains  two 
per  cent,  more  carbon  than  the  Pennsylvania  coal. 
Among  the  most  prominent  ore  producing  mines 
are:  Forest  Queen,  Euby  King,  Bullion  King, 
Ivanhoe,  JLead  Chief,  Durango,  Howard  Extension, 
Fairview,  Monte  Christo,  Old  Mexico,  Kent  Soda, 
and  many  others.  The  ores  run  from  $90  to  thous¬ 
ands  per  ton,  most  of  which  are  shipped  to  Den¬ 
ver,  Pueblo  and  Leadville  for  treatment,  and  to 
Crested  Butte  for  sampling. 

Irwin  is  surrounded  by  mining  camps;  in  the 
gulches  and  small  basins  among  the  hills  are  great 
numbers  of  prospectors,  and  others,  working  out  as¬ 
sessments,  and  preparing  for  active  development 
at  an  early  day.  When  the  Eailways  now  building 
shall  reach  this  district,  smelting  works  and  mills, 
erected  for  the  economical  treatment  of  ores,  when 
distant  markets  are  opened  for  the  coal  and  forests 
of  timber  abounding  in  this  region,  through  cheap 
rail  freights;  then,  will  commence  a  new  era  for  Ir¬ 
win,  and  it  will  be  one  of  unexampled  prosperity,  as 
the  natural  wealth  is  here,  and  it  is  inexhaustible. 

Besides  the  resources  above  mentioned,  are  num¬ 
bers  of  mineral  springs,  sulphur,  soda,  iron,  etc., 


E 


possessing  rare  medicinal  properties.  Game 
of  all  kinds  in  great  abundance,  as  well  as 
trout  in  all  the  streams. 

The  citizens  of  Irwin,  and  in  fact  in  the 
whole  country,  are  a  live,  enterprising  peo¬ 
ple— a  people  that  are  self-reliant,  honest 
and  industrious.  As  an  instance  of  what 
can  be  done,  when  prospects  of  wealth  are 
bright,  is  the  case  of  the  Elk  Mountain 
Pilot,  the  pioneer  newspaper  of  the  Elk 
Mountain  country.  The  proprietor  pur¬ 
chased  his  press,  type,  galleys,  cases  and 
ink,  hired  his  type-setters,  and  reached  the 
snow-line  on  Cottonwood  Pass,  to  the  east 
of  the  mountains,  to  find  the  roads  impass¬ 
able,  the  snow  deep,  and  not  even  a  trail 
visible.  The  land  of  promise  was  beyond 
this  snow-barrier ;  where  all  was  green  and 
beautiful;  with  hungry  multitudes  waiting 
for  the  newspaper;  the  mighty  lever  that 
moves  the  world. 

A  meeting  was  called  by  the  snowbound,  and  a 
committee  of  the  whole  resolved  to  cross  the 
“  range,”  and  immediately  set  about  making  snow- 
shoes.  When  each  was  provided  with  shoes,  the 
printing  material  was  distributed  among  the  per¬ 
il  sons,  when  with  type  in  pockets,  parts  of  land 
press  under  each  arm,  “  cases  ”  and  paper  strapped 
on  their  bicks,  the  journey  across  the  great  moun¬ 
tain  range  commenced.  The  ascent  was  made, 
many  times  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees,  and 
the  descent  commenced,  the  typos  gliding,  grace¬ 
fully  down  on  their  snowshoes,  over  an  unknown 
depth  of  snow,  in  a  style  peculiarly  western,  evinc¬ 
ing  pluck,  energy  and  perseverance,  American  in 
the  extreme.  The  material  reached  Irwin  safely, 
and  the  first  number  of  the  Pilot  was  issued  June 
17th,  1880. 

When  we  visited  Irwin,  September  1st,  1880,  we 
were  informed  that  a  pamphlet  would  soon  be  pub¬ 
lished  at  the  Pilot  office  on  the  “  Besources  of  Irwin 
and  the  Euby  Mining  District,”  to  which  we  are 
pleased  to  refer  all  parties  seeking  further  informa¬ 
tion  about  1  his  new  El  Dorado.  Price,  Fifty  cents. 

There  are  three  lines  of  daily  stages  in  the  sum¬ 
mer  to  and  from  Irwin;  one  from  Gunnison  City, 
via  Crested  Butte,  connecting  at  “Jack’s  Cabin”  for 
Buena  Yista ;  the  other  two  are  direct  from  Gunni¬ 
son  City,  via  Ohio  Creek  and  Western  Toll  road. 

Irwin  is  eight  miles  from  Crested  Butte,  hack, 
fare,  $1.00.  See  “Post  Roads ”  Nos.  63  and  64. 
From  Gunnison  City,  thirty  miles,  stage,  fare  $5.00; 
from  South  Arkansas,  sixty-seven  miles,  stage,  fare 
$11.00 ;  from  Denver,  314  miles,  via  the  Denver  &  Eio 
Grande  Eailway  and  coach,  total  fare,  $27.65.  See 
“  Post  Roads  ”  No.  79.  from  Buena  Yista,  via  Alpine 
Pass,  stage  and  rail,  111  miles,  fare  $16.00;  from 
Denver,  via  Buena  Yista,  rail  and  stage,  246  miles, 
fare  $27.65. 

Iron  Springs — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  line  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe 
Eailway,  New  Mexican  Extension,  twenty-seven 


112  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


miles  southwest  from  La  Junta  and  ninety  miles 
from  Pueblo.  Fare  $5.25.  Tour  8. 

Island  Station — Arapahoe  county,  is  a  sta¬ 
tion  and  post  office  on  the  Cheyenne  Division  Un¬ 
ion  Pacific  Kailway,  thirteen  miles  north  from  Den¬ 
ver;  sometimes  called  Henderson’s  Island.  Fare, 
$1.00.  Tour  3. 

Jack’s  Cabin — Gunnison  county.  See  “Iloive- 
ville.” 

Jackson — Pueblo  county,  situated  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Arkansas  river,  near  the  junction 
of  the  Huerfano,  in  a  fine  agricultural  section  of  coun¬ 
try,  where  all  kinds  of  grain  and  vegetables  grow  to 
perfection,  provided,  always  the  land  is  properly 
irrigated.  The  hamlet  is  nearly  ten  miles  south 
from  Boonville,  which  is  on  the  north  side  of  the 
river.  Stock  raising  is  also  one  of  the  occupations 
of  the  people  in  the  vicinty.  From  Pueblo  to  Boon¬ 
ville,  rail,  twenty  miles.  Fare,  $1.10.  Tour  8. 

Jamestown — Boulder  county,  is  a  mining 
camp  of  about  200  people,  situated  in  the  mountains 
on  Jim  Creek,  fourteen  miles  northwest  from  Boul¬ 
der  City,  in  Central  mining  district.  The  location 
and  surroundings  are  beautiful  and  grand.  Altitude, 
7,123  feet.  There  are  two  quartz  mills  near  the  town. 
The  ore  producing  mines  are:  Golden  Age,  (free 
gold)  Buena,' (tellurium)  Longfellow,  (silver  and  cop¬ 
per)  John  J.,  (tellurium)  and  a  great  number  of 
smaller  mines,  together  with  “  good  prospects  ”  com¬ 
prise  the  resources  of  the  toAvn. 

Near  the  town  is  a  Seltzer  Spring,  said  to  be 
as  good  as  any  in  the  state.  From  Boulder,  by  stage, 
three  times  a  week,  fare  $1.00.  See  “Post  Roads” 
No.  22.  Distance  from  Denver  fifty-nine  miles,  by 
rail  and  stage.  Fare,  $3.40. 

J efferson — Park  county,  post  office  and  station 
on  the  South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Bailway, 
eighty  miles  southwes’t  from  Denver.  It  is  the  first 
station  after  passing  over  Kenosha  Hill,  in  the  South 
Park.  It  is  a  great  point  in  the  summer  for  cutting 
grass,  and  baling  hay  for  shipment.  From  Jeffer¬ 
son  to  the  Avest,  north  and  east,  the  mountains  are 
from  five  to  eight  miles  distant,  surrounding  it  like 
an  amphitheatre  of  vast  proportions.  These  moun¬ 
tains  are  covered  with  pine,  spruce  and  aspen  trees 
with  perpetual  snow  on  the  higher  peaks  of  the 
“Snowy  Kange.”  Game  of  all  kinds  can  be  found 
within  a  short  distance  from  the  station  and 
trout  in  all  the  streams.  Stock  raising  is  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity.  The 
station  is  on  Jefferson  Creek,  which,  with  the  ponds 
and  marshes  near,  are  at  times,  stocked  with  ducks, 
affording  the  huntsman  rare  sport.  Surrounding 
population  about  300.  Fare  from  Denver,  $6.70. 
Double  daily  trains  each  Avay.  Stages  to  Lincoln 
City,  fifteen  miles.  Fare,  $2.25.  Tour  5. 

Jersey — Arapahoe  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  Cheyenne  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway, 
three  miles  north  from  Denver;  fare,  fifeeen  cents. 
Tour  3. 

Jimmy  Camp — El  Paso  county,  is  on  the 


old  stage  road  from  Pueblo  to  Denver,  seven  miles 
east  from  Colorado  Springs,  where  is  located  a 
coal  mine  of  some  value,  but  not  much  developed. 
The  surrounding  country  is  devoted  to  stock-raising. 

Julesburg — Weld  county,  is  on  the  line  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Baihvay,  in  the  extreme  north¬ 
eastern  corner  of  Colorado.  It  is  at  the  junction  of 
Lodge  Pole  Creek,  with  the  South  Platte  Biver. 
The  station  is  one  mile  northeast  from  old  Fort 
Sedgwick,  now  abandoned,  and  consists  of  a  depot 
building,  store,  saloon,  and  a  few  buildings,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Julesburg  Branch  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Baihvay,  which  follows  up  the  north  side  of 
the  Platte  Biver,  and  connects  Avith  the  Cheyenne 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  near  Platteville, 
thirty-five  miles  north  from  Denver.  In  1873-4,  the 
road-bed  for  this  branch  was  graded,  but  the  ties 
and  rails  are  not  laid  at  this  time  but  are  to  be,  early 
in  the  season. 

The  Union  Pacific  was  completed  to  this  place  the 
last  of  June,  1867,  and  all  Government  freight  for 
dhe  season  was  shipped  to  this  point,  to  be  reship¬ 
ped  on  wagons  for  its  destination  to  the  north  and 
Avest. 

At  that  time  Julesburg  had  a  population  of  4,000; 
now  the  town  is  almost  deserted.  During  the 
“lively  tifnes,”  Julesburg  was  the  roughest  of  all 
towns  along  the  Union  Pacific  line.  The  roughs 
congregated  here,  and  a  day  seldom  passed  but 
what  they  “had  a  man  for  breakfast.”  Gambling  and  I 
dance  houses  constituted  the  larger  portion  of  the 
toAvn ;  and  it  is  said  that  morality  and  honesty 
clasped  hands  and  departed  from  the  place.  We 
have  not  learned  whether  they  have  returned;  and 
really  we  have  our  doubts  about  their  ever  having 
been  there. 

During  the  Avinter  of  1865-1866,  most  of  the  wood 
used  at  Julesburg  and  Fort  Sedgwick,  was  hauled 
on  wagons  from  Denver,  at  an  expense  of  from  $60 
to  $75  per  cord  for  transportation  alone,  and  was 
sold  to  Government,  by  contract,  at  $105  per  cord. 
The  wood  cost  in  Denver  about  $20.  Besides  this, 
the  contractors  were  allowed  by  Government  to  put 
in  what  hard  wood  they  could  get  at  double  the  price, 
or  $210  per  cord,  which  by  many  was  thought  to  be 
a  “  pretty  soft  snap.”  The  “  hard  wood  ”  was  obtained 
in  the  scrub- oak  bluffs  of  Colorado,  fifty  miles  south 
from  Denver  City  and  cost  no  more  for  transportation 
than  did  the  pine.  John  Hughes  of  Denvmr,  was  the 
contractor — a  more  successful  and  enterprising  one 
it  would  be  hard  to  find  in  Colorado,  or  elsewhere. 

As  we  said,  in  early  days  this  town  was  a  rough 
one,  but  now  the  few  people  are  lamblike  and  do¬ 
mesticated.  Stock  raising  is  the  only  occupation  of 
the  settlers  in  this  section  of  the  country,  and  at 
certain  seasons  of  the  year  great  numbers  of  cars 
are  loaded  here  with  cattle  for  the  eastern  markets. 
Distance  from  Denver,  180  miles;  from  Omaha,  377 
miles. 

Johnson — Weld  county,  on  the  east  side  of 
the  South  Platte  river,  and  the  Cheyenne  Division 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIT- SACK  GUIDE. 


Union  Pacific  Railway;  thirty-three  miles  north 
from  Denver.  Fare,  $2.25.  Some  good  farms  on  the 
Platte  bottom  and  stock  raisers  on  the  uplands  to  the 
eastward.  Tour  3. 

Jones — Jefferson  county,  is  a  small  side-track 
on  the  Colorado  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  two 
miles  north  from  Golden,  for  the  accommodation  of 
coal  miners  and  lime  burners  near.  Fare  from  Den¬ 
ver,  90  cents.  Tour  1. 

Juniata — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  post  office 
town  on  the  Huerfano  river,  seven  miles  south  west 
from  Boonville,  and  twenty-five  miles  south  east 
from  Pueblo.  There  are  some  good  farms  in  the 
vicinity,  and  a  glorious  stock  range,  situated  on 
“Post  Roads  No.  50.”  Fare  from  Boonville,  $1.00.  To 
Boonville  from  Pueblo,  $1.10.  Total,  $2.10.  Tour  8. 

Kelly’s  — A  small  station  on  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  Douglas  county,  twenty  miles 
south  from  Denver.  Fare,  $1.30.  Tour  6. 

Kenosha — Park  county,  a  station  on  the 
South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Rail  way,  seventy - 
,  six  miles  from  Denver.  Fare,  $6.25.  This  station  is 
j  situated  on  Kenosha  Hill,  the  highest  point  reached 
by  any  railroad  in  North  America,  and  with  one 
exception,  the  highest  in  the  world.  -The  air  is  light, 
clear  and  pure,  enabling  one  to  see  objects  a  long 
distance.  From  points  near  the  station,  the  views 
of  varied  scenery  are  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the 
world— are  wonderful,  charming.  The  tourist  or 
business  man  visiting  Denver,  should,  by  all  means 
take  a  run  up  to  Kenosha  Hill.  It  will  only  consume 
one  day,  and  that  day,  besides  seeing  the  noted 
Platte  Canon,  with  its  towering  cliffs  and  wonder- 
ous  surprises,  continually  occurring,  will  be  one, 
ever  to  be  remembered;  as  the  varied  scenery  from 
this  Hill  is  unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  world.  By 
leaving  Denver  on  the  morning  train,  which  reaches 
Kenosha  by  2:20,  p.  m.,  and  returning  on  the  day 
express  from  Leadville,  which  comes  down  at  4:25, 
reaching  Denver  at  10:00,  p.  m.,  two  hours  can  be 
had  for  sight-seeing.  Expense  of  “round  trip,”  for 
one  person,  $12.50.  Take  along  a  lunch.  For  further 
description  as  to  where  the  best  views  are  obtained 
— See  Tour  5.  See  illustrations,  pages  50  and  59. 

Kimbrellville — Gunnison  county,  is  a  new 
town,  laid  out  in  October,  1880,  ten  miles  south 
from  Parlins,  up  Cochetope  Creek,  near  Alkali 
1  Gulch.  The  town  is  finely  situated  on  a  broad 
1  plain,  the  lots  are  40  by  100  feet,  and  strange  to 
say,  they  are  free  to  all  persons  who  desire  to  build 
:  upon  them.  Elevation,  6,300  feet.  Recent  mineral 
discoveries  prompted  the  movement.  The  ores  in 
the  vicinity  are  of  the  nature  of  quartzite,  plenti¬ 
fully  colored  with  copper  stains  and  pyrites  of 
copper  and  gold.  Some  of  the  lodes  assay  as  high 
as  $1,000  in  gold. 

The  principal  lodes  are:  Goldstein,  Doubtful, 
Molay,  Big  Mogul,  Omega,  and  White.  Other  lodes 
near  show  free  gold  in  paying  quantities.  A 

Crusher  is  now  being  erected,  and  buildings  of  all 

H  


113 


kinds  are  going  up  on  all  sides.  Fare  to  Parlins  j 
$1.50.  See  “ Parlins ”  for  other  fares. 

Kiowa — County  seat  of  Elbert  county,  is  sit¬ 
uated  on  Kiowa  Creek ;  population,  250.  Some  good 
business  houses,  but  the  principal  occupation  of 
the  people  is  stock-raising ;  cattle  and  sheep  abound,  i 
It  is  twenty-seven  miles  east  from  Castle  Rock,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  stage.  Laborers  are  in  demand,  at 
prices  ranging  from  $25.00  to  $50.00  per  month,  and 
board.  Distance  from  Denver  via  Castle  Rock, 
fifty-nine  miles;  fare,  rail  and  stage,  $5.15.  See 
“ Post  Roads”  No.  33. 

Kit  Carson — Bent  county,  is  153  miles  east 
from  Denver,  on  the  Big  Sandy  River,  and  the  Kan¬ 
sas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway;  fare, 
$7.50.  It  was  named  for  the  noted  trapper  and 
guide  of  that  name.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  the  best 
stock  range  in  the  western  country.  Tour  4. 

Kokomo — Sumrg.it  county,  so  named  by 
some  Indiana  “Pilgrim”  for  a  town  in  that  State,  is 
situated  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  twenty  miles  south 
from  Leadville,  one  mile  from  Ten  Mile,  or  “Robin¬ 
son’s  Camp,”  on  the  Kokomo  Extension  of  the  Den- . 
ver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  The  town  was  incor¬ 
porated  June  3d,  1879.  It  is  built  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  Sheep  Mountain,  altitude,  10,550  feet,  over¬ 
looking  the  valley  of  Ten  Mile  Creek,  which  is  about 
ha’f  a  mile  in  width,  along  which  are  some  placer 
cla  ms  of  rare  richness. 

The  business  houses  are  large  and  well  stocked 
with  goods  of  all  kinds,  One  bank  and  two  smelt¬ 
ing  works  are  located  in  the  town,  and  one  daily  and 
weekly  newspaper,  the  Summit  County  Times. 
The  Times  was  established  in  September,  1879,  and 
was  the  first  paper  published  in  the  county.  Sub¬ 
scribe  for  it,  if  you  want  all  the  mining  news  of 
this  region  served  up  in  a  truthful  and  reliable 
manner.  The  Western  and  Summit  are  the  two 
principal  hotels. 

The  census  of  Kokomo,  taken  in  June,  1880,  gave 
the  city  a  population  of  808,  but  the  rapid  settle¬ 
ment  increased  these  figures  to  full  1,500  at  the  close 
of  the  year.  The  lode  mines  in  the  vicinity  are 
principally  fissure,  yielding  richer  returns  from 
every  foot  as  you  go  down.  The  principal  mines 
are:  White  Quail,  Aftermuth,  and  Climax,  on  Elk 
Mountain  to  the  westward ;  they  are  carbonate  ores 
and  run  from  $80  to  $400  per  ton.  On  Sheep  Moun¬ 
tain:  Wheel  of  Fortune,  Snowbank,  Forest  Com¬ 
bination,  Little  Chicago,  and  Hoodo,  lead  ores,  run 
from  $20  to  $120  to  the  ton.  The  Crown  Point,  and 
Ruby,  Silver,  $1,500  to  the  ton.  On  Jack  Mountain, 
north,  near  the  town,  Mayflower,  and  Enterprise, 
lead  and  iron.  Copper  Mountain,  three  miles  north. 
Reconstruction,  runs  $80  per  ton.  Mayflower  Gulch, 
three  miles  east,  Gilpin  and  Silver  Blossom,  are 
rich  mines.  In  Pacific  Gulch,  east,  are  the  Anna 
Herndon,  Help,  Mida  B.,  and  Buckeye,  all  being 
worked.  On  Fletcher  Mountain,  are  some  good 
gold  mines.  On  Gold  Hill,  southeast,  in  the  edge 


114  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


of  the  town,  are  the  Little  Carbonate,  Wooster,  and 
Pauline,  rich  in  lead,  galena  and  carbonates. 

The  scenery  from  Kokomo  is  very  grand.  To  the 
east  and  south  rise  the  mountains  to  a  great  hight, 
the  most  prominent  peak  is  Mt.  Pletcher,  14,269  feet 
above  sea  level.  In  the  back  ground,  Sheep  Moun¬ 
tain,  rises  12,648  feet.  Game  of  all  kinds  can  be 
found  within  easy  distance ;  such  as  deer,  elk,  bear, 
mountain  lions,  grouse,  quail,  etc. 

Fare  from  Leadville  via  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway,  $1.50;  from  Denver,  192  miles,  fare,  $16.50; 
from  Georgetown,  forty  miles,  via  “High  Line” 
stage,  fare,  $7.00;  from  Denver  via  Georgetown  and 
Cplorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  ninety- 
two  miles,  fare,  $10.30.  “See  Post  Roads”  Nos.  13 
and  14. 

Kuhn’s  Crossing — Elbert  county,  on  East 
Bijou  Creek,  is  in  the  richest  portion  of  the  county, 
where  are  some  fine  agricultural  lands,  but  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity,  is  stock 
raising.  It  is  situated  twenty-two  miles  southwest 
from  Godfrey’s  station,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Div¬ 
ision  Union  Pacific  Railway;  seventy-four  miles 
;  east  from  Denver,  fare,  $3. f  5.  There  is  no  regular 
established  conveyance  the  other  twenty-two  miles. 

Labran — Fremont  county,  is  a  station  on  the 
line  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  on  the 
Arkansas  River  bottom,  thiity-two  miles  Avest  from 
Pueblo,  and  eight  miles  east  from  Canon  City ;  fare 
from  Pueblo,  $3.25.  Tour  6. 

La  Jara — Conejos  ccunty,  on  the  Rio  La 
Jara  is  a  small  station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway ;  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  best 
portion  of  the  San  Luis  Park,  fourteen  miles  south¬ 
west  from  Alamosa,  and  264  miles  from  Denver. 
Agriculturists  and  stock  raisers  possess  the 
country,  the  majority  of  Avhom  are  Spanish-Mexi- 
cans,  and  reside  in  Adobe  one  story  houses, 
surrounded  with  sheep,  goats,  dogs  and  babies 
about  equally  divided.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $14.45; 
from  Denver,  fare,  $22.25.  Tour  7. 

La  Junta— Bent  county,  on  the  south  b  ink 
of  the  Arkansas  River,  is  the  point  where  the  New 
Mexican  Extension  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
Fe  Railway  branches  off  to  the  southward.  It  is  a 
small  station  of  half  a  hundred  people,  with  a 
store  and  saloons.  The  surrounding  country  is 
rich  and  productive  when  irrigated,  raising  all 
kinds  of  grain  and  Aregetables  successfully.  Stock- 
raising,  however,  is  the  chief  industry.  From  Pu¬ 
eblo,  east,  sixty-three  miles,  fare  $3.60.  Tour  8. 

Lake — Elbert  county,  is  a  small  station  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
and  Big  Sandy  River,  on  the  broad  plains,  ninety- 
three  miles  east  from  Denver,  fare  $4.55.  Cattle  and 
sheep  abound;  no  cultivated  lands,  Tour  4 

Lake  Sail  Cliristobal — Hinsdale  county. 
See  “Lake  City.” 

Lake  City — County  seat  of  Hinsdale  county, 
is  situated  on  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison  River, 


at  the  junction  of  Hansen  Creek,  at  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Uncompahgre  Mountains.  Altitude, 
8,870  feet.  Population,  892.  The  Uncompahgre 
Peak  overlooks  the  city,  rising  5,549  feet  above  it. 
The  town  site  is  very  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  river,  beyond  which  the  moun¬ 
tains  rise,  sloping  to  the  height  of  about  three  thou¬ 
sand  feet.  The  stranger  visiting  here  will  be  sur¬ 
prised  to  see  the  great  number  of  stores,  hotels, 
livery  stables,  saloons,  and  shops  of  all  kinds,  all  of 
which  appear  to  be  doing  an  unusual  amount  of 
business  for  the  size  of  the  place.  The  explanation 
can  be  found  in  the  fact,  that  the  city  is  located  in 
the  centre  of  a  score  or  more  of  small  mining 
camps,  numbering  all  along  up  to  300  population 
each.  These  people  from  the  very  geographical 
position  of  the  city,  find  it  the  best  and  most  con- 
venient  place  to  purchase  their  supplies,  spend 
their  money,  and  sojourn  for  a  season  of  recreation. 

The  American  and  Occidental  are  the  two  principal 
hotels,  and  the  Silver  World  and  Mining  Register, 
two  weekly  newspapers,  two  banks,  two  smelting 
works,  two  saw  mills,  two  churches,  and  two  drug 
stores.  “Two”  is  a  lucky  number, — no  polygamy 
here.  The  breweries,  number  three.  Lixiviation 
works,  one.  “Fire  laddies,”  one;  with  one  public 
library  and  reading  room,  and  a  news-stand,  where 
can  be  purchased  the  “  Grip-Sack,”  and  all  the  east¬ 
ern  papers. 

The  Silver  World  \\'as  the  first  newspaper  estab¬ 
lished  in  the  county,  June  19th,  1875.  It  appears 
Aveekly,  and  contain  ;  all  the  news  in  regard  to  the 
mining  industries  of  this  region.  The  Crooke’s 
Concentration  Works,  {see  illustration,  next  page,) 
are  located  half  a  mile  aboA’e  the  city,  and  are  the 
most  extensive  works  of  the  kind  in  the  State,  with 
one  exception — Argo.  Their  capacity  is  forty  tons 
of  ore  per  day.  Near  the  works,  quite  a  village 
has  grown  up,  A\dth  stores,  hotels,  saloons,  etc., 
all  of  whom  are  employees  or  dependents. 

The  ores  of  this  re  ,rion  in  general,  are  of  argen¬ 
tiferous  galena,  grey  copper,  ruby  and  wire  silver, 
and  some  black  sulphuretts,  carrying  silver  and  lead. 
Some  gold  bearing  lodes  are  recorded,  but  with 
one  exception  have  no  developments  of  note.  To 
name  all  the  mines  in  this  region,  where  the  records 
shoAV  the  existence  of  over  5,000,  Avould  require  a 
large  volume ;  and,  disclaiming  any  desire  to  make 
invidious  distinctions,  shall  only  mention  a  few  of 
those  that  have  obtained  more  than  a  local  fame : 
The  Hotchkiss  Mine  was  the  first  discovered  in 
this  section  of  the  San  Juan  country,  by  Enos 
Hotchkiss,  in  Augunt,  1874.  This  mine  is  the  one 
exception  noted  above.  The  prices  of  “float”  rock, 
taken  at  the  discovery,  assayed  $40,000  to  the  ton. 
It  is  one  of  the  best  developed  mines,  and  makes 
average  runs,  up  in  the  thousands. 

The  Ule,  Ute,  Cora,  Belle  of  the  East,  Plutarch, 
Mayflower,  Belle  of  the  West,  and  many  others,  run 
from  $80  to  $1,200  per  ton.  Ocean  WaA^e,  and  Wave 
of  the  Ocean  mines,  west  from  Lake,  run  $600. 

The  District  of  Avhich  Lake  is  the  commercial  cen- 


-I — - - — - - 

CROFUTT’ S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  115 


tre,  is  the  most  prosperous,  as  well 
as  the  best  developed;  owing, 
i  principally,  to  the  fact  that  it  is 
the  most  accessible  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year,  and  its  altitude  being 
much  lower,  mining  operations  are 
carried  on  all  the  year.  A  great 
amount  of  the  work  done  is  called 
assessment  work.  The  mining  law 
requiring  a  certain  amount  of  work 
to  be  done  on  each  mine  to  perfect 
and  hold  the  title,  otherwise  the 
;  claim  can  be ‘‘jumped”  and  re-lo- 
|  cated  by  other  parties  than  the  first 
claimants;  or,  in  other  words,  the 
title  lapses. 

With  the  completion  of  the  rail¬ 
road  to  Lake  City,  two  companies 
|  of  which  are  crowding  labor  to  the 
utmost  to  see  Avhich  can  reach  it 
first,  a  new  impetus  will  be  given 
to  all  kinds  of  mining  business. 
Capital,  the  greatest  need  for  the 
Jh'st  development  of  all  mines,  will 
find  its  way  to  this  country;  re- 
|  duction  works  for  manipulating 
1  the  ores,  will  be  erected,  and  trains 
will  be  loaded  with  minerals  daily, 
for  shipment  to  eastern  establish¬ 
ments  for  treatment. 

At  present  the  city  is  reached  by 
two  wagon  roads,  one  of  which  is 
open  at  all  seasons  of  the  year, 
and  the  other,  the  “Slumgullion,” 
with  one  exception,  has  not  been 
closed  on  account  of  snow  since  it 
was  constructed,  four  years  ago. 
See  “ Post  Roads”  JSfos.  76  and  79. 

For  grand  scenic  beauty,  game 
of  all  kinds,  including  the  “speck¬ 
led  beauties”  that  we  all  love  so 
well,  Lake  City  is  not  surpassed  in 
the  San  Juan  Country. 

Lake  San  Christobal  is  three  and 
a  half  miles  south,  reached  by  a 
good  wagon  road,  along  which  the 
views  of  scenery  are  very  inter¬ 
esting.  The  lake  is  three  and  one- 
half  miles  in  length,  by  one  and 
one-quarter  miles  in  width,  vary- 
;  ing  in  depth  to  eighty  feet,  sur¬ 
rounded  by  a  forest  of  pine,  cedar 
and  spruce,  and  flanked  on  the 
sides  by  high  mountains,  which,  in 
the  clear  pure  waters,  are  reflected 
with  wonderful  minuteness.  The 
I  scenery  is  most  beautiful,  and  in 
I  the  near  future  this  will  be  one  of 
i  the  most  charming  summer  resorts 
i  in  the  state.  The  lake  is  owned  by 
|  J.  M.  Gummey,  Esq.,  who,  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  native  trout  has  placed 


!  116  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


in  the  waters  a  stock  of  salmon  and  Michigan  white 
fish,  that  are  doing  well. 

From  the  City  there  are  many  objects  of  interest 
that  should  be  visited  by  the  tourist,  too  numerous 
for  us  to  enumerate,  at  all  of  which,  the  beautiful 
j  and  instructive  predominates.  Come  and  see  for 
yourself;  and  if  you  can  secure  friend  Olney,  of 
the  Silver  World,  as  a  companion,  you  will  be  as¬ 
sured  of  a  pleasant  and  delightful  tour;  one  never  to 
be  forgotten. 

The  stage  road  to  Ouray  is  down  the  Lake  Fork 
of  the  Gunnison  to  Barnum’s,  north,  twenty  miles ; 
thence  via  Willow  Springs,  twelve  miles ;  Cimmaron, 
thirteen  miles;  Cedar  Creek,  thirteen  miles;  Los 
Pinos  Agency,  thirteen  miles ;  Dallas,  thirteen  miles, 
and  Ouray  twelve  miles.  Total,  ninety-six  miles. 
Fare,  $13.  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  76  and  79.  To  Gunnison 
City,  north-east  sixty  miles;  fare  $9.  Alamosa,  via 
Del  Norte,  southeast  115  miles;  fare,  $18.  South 
Arkansas,  north  of  east  123  miles ;  fare,  $18.  Denver, 
340  miles,  rail  and  stage ;  217  miles  by  rail ;  fare,  $11.65. 
Total  fare  to  Denver,  $29.65.  Sherman,  southwest 
sixteen  miles ;  fare  $2.50.  Animas  Forks,  southwest 
via  Sherman,  thirty-one  miles;  fare  $4.75.  “ Post 
Roads  ”  No.  77.  Capital  City,  west,  nine  miles ;  fare, 
$1.50.  Bose’s  Cabin,  west,  fourteen  miles ;  fare,  $2. 
“Post  Roads ”  No.  15.  These  routes  are  all  daily. 
Ouray  can  be  reached  by  trail  in  twenty-seven 
miles,  due  west,  and  it  is  a  villainous  one. 

Larkspur— Douglas  comity,  is  a  way-side 
station  and  post  office  on  the  Denver  &  Bio  Grande 
Bail  way,  forty- three  miles  south  from  Denver. 
Fare,  $2.80.  Although  this  is  Larkspur,  you  will  not 
see  the  “lark”  or  the  “spur,”  unless  the  former  is  a 
“cowboy,”  and  the  “cattle  on  a  thousand  hills,”  are 
larks ;  but  one  thing  is  certain,  when  the  cattle  get 
on  a  lark  it  requires  a  great  deal  of  spur  to  overtake 
them.  Hence  the  name.  Tour  6. 

La  Porte — Larimer  county,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  “burghs”  in  northern  Colorado,  once  an 
important  station  on  the  Overland  Stage  route 
across  the  continent.  It  is  situated  at  the  eastern 
base  of  the  mountains,  on  the  Cache  la  Poudre  river, 
surrounded  by  a  perfect  forest  of  shade  trees.  Pop¬ 
ulation,  150.  La  Porte  is  one  of  the  finest  locations 
in  Colorado  for  hunting  and  fishing.  It  is  three 
miles  west  from  Fort  Collins,  and  of  easy  access 
from  that  place.  "  Post  Roads  ”  No.  2.  See  Tour  1. 

Las  Animas — Bent  county,  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Arkansas  river,  is  on  the  line  of  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Bailway,  eighty-seven  miles 
east  from  Pueblo.  It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the 
finest  body  of  agricultural  land  in  southern  Colorado, 
extending  for  forty  miles  up  and  down  the  river, 
and  about  fifteen  miles  in  width.  Altitude,  3,925 
feet.  With  irrigation,  crops  of  all  kinds  can  be  raised 
in  abundance,  as  the  soil  is  exceedingly  rich  and- 
quick.  Stock  raising  is  also  an  important  industry, 
the  country  surrounding  is  a  high  rolling  prairie 
on  which  roam  at  will,  immense  herds  of  cattle  and 
sheep. 

Fort  Lyon  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  two 


miles  distant,  and  Old  Fort  Lyons  twenty-two  miles 
further  east  on  the  same  side.  The  town  contains  a 
number  of  stores,  hotels  and  some  good  ranchmen’s 
homes.  Fare,  from  Pueblo,  $4.95.  Tour  8. 

La  Veta — Huerfano  county,  is  on  the  Denver 
&  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  seventy-one  miles  south 
from  Pueblo,  and  191  miles  from  Denver.  It  is  a 
small  towm  of  about  200  population,  nestling  in  just 
at  the  northwestern  base  of  the  Spanish  Peaks,  in 
as  picturesque  a  locality  as  can  be  found  in  the  j 
State.  Elevation,  6,970  feet.  Everybody  stops  at 
Sam  Todd’s  Hotel. 

There  are  some  good  buildings  in  the  place,  a 
post  office,  a  grist  mill,  and,  if  reports  are  true,  good 
prospects  for  the  future. 

It  is  reported  that  silver  mines  have  been  dis¬ 
covered  near,  producing  ore  that  mills  $118  per  ton; 
many  claims  have  been  staked ;  copper  is  also  a  late 
discovery,  and  coal  seven  miles  west,  on  Middle 
Creek,  and  White  Sulphur  Springs,  five  miles  south. 

The  first  settler  in  this  region,  was  Col.  Fran¬ 
ciscos,  a  Spanish  gentleman,  who  came  to  La 
Yeta  in  1855,  and  built  the  house  he  now  lives  in. 
Stock  raising  is  the  principal  occupation  of  the  peo¬ 
ple.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $7.15;  from  Denver,  $14.95- 
Tour  7. 

Lawson — Clear  Creek  county,  is  a  new  mining 
town  built  up  within  a  few  years  by  the  mines  on 
Bed  Elephant  Mountain,  at  the  base  of  which  the 
town  is  located.  It  is  a  station  on  the  Colora¬ 
do  Division,  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  forty-six  miles 
west  from  Denver;  fare,  $3.55 

In  the  fall  of  1877,  several  rich  quartz  mines  were 
discovered  on  this  mountain  and  large  quantities  of 
ore  hauled  down  to  the  station  and  shipped  east  for 
reduction.  Deduction  works  are  now  erected  here 
where  large  quantities  of  ore  are  treated  daily.  The 
town  contains  a  population  of  about  500;  four  stores, 
post  office,  hotel,  good  schools— one  with  eighty- 
eight  scholars — and  several  places  of  public  wor¬ 
ship.  The  principal  mines  are  on  Bed  Elephant 
Mountain,  north,  named:  White,  Boulder,  Free 
America,  St.  James,  Young  America,  Dexter,  and 
Lulu.  In  “Chin  Town,”  on  the  south  side  of  the 
creek,  No.  1,  2  and  3,  Jo.  Beynolds.  La  Cross  and 
Wall  Street,  are  the  principal  wf  rking  mines. 
From  three  to  five  cars  of  ore  are  shipped  from  Law- 
son  daily.  Tour  2. 

Leadville — County  seat  of  Lake  county,  the  1 
great  carbonate  city  of  Colorado,  is  reputed  to  be 
the  richest  mining  district  in  the  world.  Certainly, 
the  carbonate  deposits  are  enormous,  extending 
over  a  vast  area  said  to  be  more  than  sixty  miles  in 
length  by  ten  in  width,  and  yielding  in  silver  and  j 
lead  from  $40  to  $2,000  per  ton. 

It  is  near  the  site  of  California  Gulch  of  1859,  fam- 
ous  for  its  gold  placer  diggings,  from  which  over 
$5,000,000  was  taken,  from  date  of  discovery  to  1864, 
when  they  were  abandoned. 

The  town  of  Leadville  was  organized  in  February, 
1878,  and  increased  in  population  so  rapidly  that  in 
February,  1879,  a  city  organization  was  effected. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  117 


At  that  time  the  total  population  was  5,040,  which 
gradually  increased,  until  in  June,  1880,  the  census 
gave  15,185,  of  which  number  only  3,794  were  females. 
Altitude  of  the  city  is  10,200  feet. 

Commercially  and  in  population,  this  city  ranks 
the  second  in  the  state — Denver  being  the  first.’  It 
has  six  banking  institutions,  a  great  number  of 
wholesale  establishments  of  all  kinds,  with  hotels, 
shops,  and  small  business  places  in  great  numbers. 
Three  daily  and  weekly  newspapers,  the  Chronicle, 
Herald  and  Democrat,  one  Grand  Opera  House,  (Ta¬ 
bor’s)  and  five  theatres  or  places  of  amusement, 
called  Grand  Central,  Coliseum,  New  Leadville  and 
Montaldo’s  tneatres,  and  Turner  Hall ;  two  hospitals, 
Ladies’  Relief  and  St.  Vincent’s;  two  railroad  lines, 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  and  the  South  Pai'k  Divis¬ 
ion  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway ;  two  telephone  and 
two  telegraph  companies;  eight  schools;  seven 
churches,  Baptist,  Catholic,  Annunciation,  Christian, 
Episcopal,  Congregational,  Presbyterian  and  Meth¬ 
odist.  The  Masons  have  three  lodges ;  Odd  Fellows 
two;  the  Temperance  people  have  a  club;  benevo¬ 
lent  societies  number  seven ;  with  one  Gas  company 
and  one  Water  Works  company.  Of  smelting  and 
reduction  works  there  are  sixteen;  foundry  and 
machine  shops,  four;  hotels  thirteen,  chief  of 
which  are  the  Clarendon,  Windsor  and  Grand ;  of  min  - 
ing  companies,  well  really,  there  are  hardly  enough 
figures  to  enumerate  them,  or  the  mines  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity.  The  Leadville  Trotting  &  Running  Associa¬ 
tion  have  a  half  mile  track,  four  miles  west, 
with  good  buildings  and  well  fenced.  Two  large 
brick  buildings  are  in  course  of  erection  that  when 
completed  will  be  the  finest  in  the  state ;  one  is  for 
a  Court  House  and  the  other  a  Post  Office.  Besides 
these  there  are  a  great  number  of  fine  brick  business 
blocks  and  private  residences.  Of  lumber  yards 
there  are  eighteen,  some  of  which  do  an  immense 
business,  each  of  which  represent  from  one  to  three 
saw- mills  in  the  county,  besides  buying  largely  of 
Chicago  dealers.  Life  and  fire  insurance  is  repre¬ 
sented  by  sixteen  companies ;  among  the  professions 
are  fifty-four  physicians  and  one  hundred  and  two 
lawyers. 

By  the  completion  of  the  railroads  to  the  city 
in  the  spring  of  1880,  many  thousands  of  people 
who  had  been  engaged  in  the  transportation  of 
freights,  wood,  hay,  merchandise,  etc.,  together 
with  great  numbers  of  others  who  were  directly  or 
indirectly  interested  in  the  business,  were  compelled 
to  seek  other  occupations,  or  move  west.  Many 
went  to  the  Gunnison  and  the  San  Juan  country, 
each,  spreading  the  report:  “Leadville  is  dead,” 
“Leadville  has  played  out.”  By  this  exodus,  which 
included  many  disreputable  characters,  who  lived 
from  the  money  thrown  around  by  the  teaming  com¬ 
munity,  Leadville  lost  about  4,000  of  her  population, 
but  those  who  remained  are  a  solid,  substantial 
class  of  citizens.  Then,  again,  the  strikers,  who 
held  the  city  for  near  two  months  in  terrorism, 
retarded  business  very  much,  causing  three  of  the 
leading  mines  to  stop  business  for  six  weeks ;  but  for 


this,  the  bullion  yield  for  the  year  would  have  been 
much  greater.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  a  number 
of  mining  camps  jvhich  are  tributary  for  business, 
and  add  materially  to  its  prosperity,  chief  of  which 
are  Oro,  Evans,  Tabor,  Adelade,  Howland,  Alexan¬ 
der,  Soda  Springs,  etc.,  etc. 

The  Bullion  yield  of  Leadville,  for  1879,  was 
$10,189,521;  an  average  of  $849,125  per  month. 
“Leadville  played  out,”  yielded  in  1880,  $15,040,715; 
an  average  of  $1,233,393  per  month,  which  proves, 
conclusively  that  “Leadville  is  dead.” 

In  proof  of  the  above  total,  the  yield  of  the  smelt¬ 
ers  for  1880,  are  as  follows : 


Grant  Smelting  Company . $4,018,290 

Eddy,  James  &  Co .  1,363,334 

La  Plata .  2,316,310 

Leadville .  14,218 

American .  299,126 

Billing  &  Eilers .  2,105,701 

California .  702,826 

Dickson  &  Co .  63,961 

Little  Chief .  109,072 

Taylor  &  Brunton  mill .  62,200 

Ohio  &  Missouri .  822,656 

Cummings  &  Finn .  1,324,213 

Gage,  Hagaman  &  Co . 213,697 

Oro  Stamp  mill .  3,438 

Malta  works .  24,362 

Tabor  mill .  11,250 

Elgin .  462,439 

Harrison .  917,304 

Robert  E.  Lee  mine  shipped .  114,318 

Colorado  Prince  mill .  22,000 

Gulch  mines .  70,000 


Total . $15,040,715 


In  addition  there  were  at  the  close  of  the  year 
28,250  tons  of  ore  on  hand  at  the  smelters,  which  is 
an  increase  of  15,000  tons  over  the  amount  of  last 
year.  This  will  make  an  increase  of  about  $1,000,000, 
which  brings  the  approximation  of  the  entire  pro¬ 
duction  to  over  $16,000,000. 

The  product  of  1879  was  $10,189,521,  which,  com¬ 
pared  with  that  of  1880,  shows  an  increase  for  the 
year  past  of  over  fifty  per  cent,  in  the  export. 
Yerily !  “  Leadville  is  dead.” 

In  1880,  the  mining  companies  in  this  “dead”  city, 
paid  to  men  and  teams,  monthly,  the  sum  of  $230,- 
700,  and  $6,000,212  for  the  year  in  dividends,  besides 
having  at  the  close  of  the  year  a  surplus  of  cash  on 
hand  of  $920,000. 

Of  the  10,000  men  in  Leadville,  at  least  5,009  are 
directly  engaged  in  mining,  producing  on  an  aver¬ 
age  a  little  over  $3,000  a  year  to  the  man.  The 
equal  of  this  startling  production  cannot  be  found 
in  the  world.  Yet  it  is  approximately  true  of  all 
the  well  opened  mining  districts  of  the  State.  The 
main  advantage  Leadville  has  over  its  neighbors,  is 
in  the  ease  of  extraction,  and  the  heavy  profit  on 
the  ores  raised.  But  the  fact  remains  that  all  the 
gold  and  silver  bullion  sent  to  market  at  Leadville, 
is  produced  by  a  small  fraction  of  its  population. 
The  rest  are  engaged  in  “prospecting,”  and  all  the 
ramifications  of  the  channels  of  commerce,  agricul¬ 
ture,  manufacture,  building,  extending  railways, 
etc.,  etc.  Every  season  broadens  the  area  of  min- 


118  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

ing,  opens  new  fields  for  the  employment  of  labor, 
increases  the  yields,  and  gives  a  powerful  impetus 
to  every  phase  of  internal  growth.  Just  so  long  as 
this  work  goes  forward,  everything  will  be  pushed 
forward  by  an  irresistible  force,  and  the  Leadville 
of  1890  will  be  a  city  of  75,000  souls,  producing  annu¬ 
ally  a  like  amount  in  millions  of  gold,  silver,  and 
precious  metals.  The  mines  of  Leadville  and  Col¬ 
orado  are  practically  inexhaustible,  and  were  there 
no  more  discovered,  those  that  are  known  to  be  rich 
and  profitable  to  work,  would  require  the  labor  of 
millions  of  hardy  miners  for  many  years  to  work 
out.  Distances  and  fare :  Denver,  by  rail,  172  miles, 
via  South  Park,  fare  $15.00;  via  Pueblo  to  Denver, 
279  miles,  fare  $15.00;  Buena  Yista,  thirty-six  miles, 
fare  $3.45;  Kokomo,  twenty  miles  north,  fare  $1.50; 
Red  Cliff,  northwest  twenty-six  miles,  fare  $3.00; 
Twin  Lakes,  thirteen  miles  by  rail  to  Hayden,  fare 
$1.35,  and  four  miles  by  stage,  fare  $1.50;  total  fare, 
$2.85.  See  “  Tour  6”  for  more  about  Leadville. 

Lincoln  City — Summit  county,  is  on  French 
Gulch,  four  miles  east  from  Breckenridge ;  popula¬ 
tion  150.  One  store,  two  hotels;  the  Wheeler  and 
Perkins;  three  furnaces,  one  stamp  mill — fifteen 
stamps — one  steam  saw  mill,  and  several  companies 
engaged  in  hydraulic  mining,  comprise  the  town. 

The  principal  mines  being  worked  are:  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  American  Union,  Elephant,  Governor  King, 
Queen  of  the  Forest,  and  Bismarck,  which  run  as 
high  as  $200  in  silver — galena;  many  other  lodes 
not  sufficiently  developed  to  know  their  value. 

Lincoln  is  surrounded  by  mountain  peaks,  set  in 
the  midst  of  perpetual  evergreens.  No  regular 
conveyance  from  Breckenridge.  From  Jefferson,  fif¬ 
teen  miles,  via  French  Pass;  stage  fare,  $2.25;  from 
Denver,  ninety-five  miles,  via  South  Park  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  stage;  total  fare,  $8.95. 
Tour  5. 

Linwood — Las  Animas  county,  on  the  Las 
Animas,  or  Purgatorie,  or  Picketwire  River,  is  three 
1  miles  east  from  Pulaski,  a  station  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa Fe  Railway;  population,  about  159, 
all  of  whom  are  engaged  in  either  farming  or  stock- 
raising.  It  is  ten  miles  east  from  El  Moro,  and  fif¬ 
teen  miles  from  Trinidad.  Laborers,  such  as  stock- 
herders  and  farm  hands  are  in  demand ;  the  wages 
range  from  $15  to  $35  per  month,  and  board. 

Where  the  land  in  this  section  is  irrigated,  wheat 
yields  as  high  as  sixty  bushels  per  acre ;  oats  often 
100  bushels,  though  fifty  is  about  the  average,  that 
will  weigh  forty  pounds  to  the  bushel.  Alfalfa,  and 
native  grapes  grow  luxuriantly,  the  former  cutting 
about  eight  tons  to  the  acre,  at  three  cuttings  dur¬ 
ing  the  season,  and  sell  readily  at  $20  per  ton. 

Vegetables,  with  the  exception  of  Irish  potatoes, 
i  do  well ;  corn  is  a  jjoor  crop.  The  lands  along  this 
'  river,  from  its  mountain  source  to  the  Arkansas 
River,  150  miles,  is  one  of  the  most  productive  in  the 
State,  but  it  must  be  irrigated  to  produce  good 
crops.  The  raising  of  cattle,  sheep  and  goats,  is  the 
great  industry,  as  water  for  irrigation  cannot  be 
procured  sufficient  to  utilize  but  a  small  portion  of 


the  lands,  and  the  balance  are  the  best  grass  lands 
in  the  world.  Distance  from  Pueblo,  134  miles ;  fare 
$8.15. 

Little  Buttes — A  small  station  on  Fountain 
Creek  and  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  in  El 
Paso  county,  ninety-four  miles  south  from  Denver, 
a  water-tank,  in  the  midst  of  a  cottonwood  grove. 
Some  good  farms  in  the  vicinity,  to  the  westward, 
on  Little  Fountain  Creek. 

Game,  such  as  antelope,  deer,  elk,  bear,  wild  tur¬ 
key,  etc.,  at  different  seasons,  are  plentiful.  Fare 
from  Denver,  $6.15.  Tour  6. 

Littleton — A  thriving  town  of  a  few  hundred 
inhabitants,  with  post  office,  stores  and  hotels ;  is  a 
station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
Arapahoe  county,  ten  miles  south  from  Denver,  on 
the  east  and  west  banks  of  the  Platte  River,  having 
a  station,  also,  on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway. 

It  aspires  to  become  a  suburban  home  for  the  bus¬ 
iness  men  of  Denver;  fare,  sixty-five  cents.  Ranch¬ 
ing,  stock-raising  and  “truck  farming”  is  the  oc¬ 
cupation  of  the  people.  Tour  6.  J 

Livermore — Larimer  county,  on  the  Cache  a  ; 
la  Poudre  River,  is  a  small  post  office  hamlet,  fif¬ 
teen  miles  northwest  from  Fort  Collins,  in  a  country  i 
rich  in  native  grasses  and  well  stocked  with 
cattle  and  sheep,  on  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  2,  57  and  60.  I 
Fare  from  Fort  Collins,  $2.50.  Game,  including  ; 
antelope,  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  the  town, 
and  trout  can  be  caught  in  all  the  streams. 

Longmont — This  is  one  of  the  most  impor¬ 
tant  towns  in  Boulder  county.  It  is  situated  on  the 
high  prairie  sloping  to  the  southward,  about  half  a 
mile  north  of  St.  Yrain  River,  the  waters  of  which 
are  taken  out  about  seven  miles  west  of  the  town 
and  conducted  in  ditches  over  the  highlands  on  | 
each  side  of  the  river,  producing  large  crops  of 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  corn  and  other  crops  annually 
Wheat  in  large  quantities  is  shipped  from  here, 
besides  what  is  ground  in  three  mills  located  near 
the  town.  Wheat  often  yields  thirty  bushels  to  the 
acre ;  oats  fifty. 

Longmont  has  three  church  edifices,  two  schools, 
two  hotels — the  St.  Yrain  and  the  City — ten  stores, 
and  a  great  many  kinds  of  shops  and  small  es¬ 
tablishments.  The  Longmont  Post  is  a  live  week¬ 
ly,  published  here.  Population  about  500. 

The  streets  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  are 
ornamented  with  shade  trees  of  various  kinds,  as 
are  many  of  the  private  residences.  See  “Post 
Roads ”  No.  4.  See  also  “Estes  Park.” 

Longmont  is  on  the  line  of  the  Colorado  Division, 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  fifty-eight  miles  north  from 
Denver;  fare,  $2.90.  Tour  1. 

Long’s  Peak — Or  Highland,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way,  Boulder  county,  sixty-three  miles  north  from 
Denver;  fare,  $3.15.  It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of 
the  best  farming  section,  on  a  high  meses,  most  of 
which  are  irrigated  lands.  It  is  directly  east  from 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


119 


I  Long’s  Peak,  distance,  thirty- 
miles,  but  don’t  pea  A;  up  quite  as 
high  as  its  big  namesake,  to  the 
westward.  Tour  1. 

Lone  Tree — Is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion,  situated  on  Lone  Tree 
Creek,  and  the  Colorado  Division , 

Union  Pacific  Railway,  124  miles 
north  from  Denver;  fare,  $6.25. 

The  country  is  a  high  rolling 
prairie  on  which  sheep  and  cat¬ 
tle  range  and  fatten  the  year 
round.  Tour  1. 

Loma — Rio  Grande  county, 
is  a  small  hamlet  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  opposite  Del  Norte.  See 
“ Del  Norte.” 

Lost  Trail — Hinsdale  coun¬ 
ty,  is  a  post  office  and  ranch  hotel, 
on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  stage 
road  between  Alamosa  and  Sil- 
verton,  in  a  timbered,  mountain¬ 
ous  and  wild  locality ;  thirty  miles 
east  from  Silverton  and  110  miles 
west  from  Alamosa;  fare,  $16.50. 

Game  is  abundant  ;  and  also, 
trout,  but  the  accomodations 
are — well,  camp  out,  that’s  the 
best.  “Post  Roacl ”  No.  76. 

Los  Pinos— Gunnison  coun¬ 
ty,  on  the  Uncompahgre  river, 
is  a  Government  Post  on  the  Ute 
Indian  reservation,  in  the  midst 
of  a  very  fine  agricultural  coun¬ 
try.  The  “post”  consists  of  the 
:  usual  government  buildings  with 
|  an  Indian  Agent,  and  a  few  sol- 
!  diers,  traders  and  contractors. 

Ten  miles  north  is  situated  the 
old  Chief  Ouray’s  house,  between 
which  and  Los  Pinos  the  govern¬ 
ment  are  building  extensive  bar¬ 
racks  for  their  soldiers. 

The  post  is  situated  twenty-five 
i  miles  north  from  Ouray;  fare, 

$3.00.  Alamosa  via  Lake  City, 

186  miles;  fare  $29.  South  Ar¬ 
kansas,  154  miles;  fare  $23.50. 

Denver  via  rail  and  stage,  371 
miles;  fare  $35.15.  Coach  daily. 

76  and  79. 

Los  Pinos — Conejos  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  with  the  usual  station  buildings  and  nothing 
more,  on  the  San  Juan  Extension  of  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  thirty-two  miles  west  from  San 
Antonio.  Fare,  from  San  Antonio,  $3.00 ;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  311  miles,  fare  $26.70.  Tour  7. 

Lost  Park — Gunnison  county,  a  new  mining 
camp  of  half  a  dozen  cabins,  situated  two  miles  west 
from  Taylor  River,  about  eight  miles  west  from 
Bowman,  and  twelve  miles  east  from  Gothic.  The 


rock  first  discovered  is  a  honey-combed  quartzite, 
showing  brilliant  pyrites  of  iron  in  abundance.  The 
assays  give  $150  to  $400,  per  ton.  Reached  by  trail. 

Louisville — Is  a  small  hamlet  of  about  200 
persons  where  are  located  an  extensive  coal  mine.  It 
is  in  Boulder  county,  on  the  Colorado  Division  Union 
Pacific  Railway,  and  a  branch  of  Coal  Creek,  thirty- 
six  miles  northwest  from  Denver.  Fare,  $1.90.  It 
is  a  beautiful  little  valley,  most  of  which  is  under 
cultivation.  Tour  1. 

Loveland — Is  situated  on  Big  Thompson 
River,  Laramie  county,  and  Colorado  Division  Un- 


gray’s  peak. 


Post  Roads”  Nos 


120 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


ion  Pacific  Railway,  seventy-five  miles  north  from 
Denver.  Fare,  $3.75.  This  town  is  named  for  the 
president  of  the“Central,”  and  the  people  of  Loveland 
Station  have  become,  to  a  great  extent,  inspired 
with  the  same  spirit  of  progress  that  animates  him, 
as  is  manifest  in  the  improvements  on  all  sides. 
The  Reporter  is  a  weekly  paper  published  here. 
Stores,  a  good  station  building,  some  fine  private 
residences,  and  an  air  of  thrift  pervades  the  scene. 
Wheat,  oats,  barley  and  corn  are  the  principal  pro¬ 
ductions— of  the  first  two  named  the  crops  are  very 
abundant.  See  Tour  1.  “ Post  Roads”  No.  5.  See, 
also,  “Estes  Park.” 

Lucero — Las  Animas  county,  is  a  small  ham¬ 
let  on  the  road  from  La  Yeta  to  Stonewall,  on  the 
branch  of  the  Las  Animas  River,  five  miles  north 
from  Stonewall.  See  “  Stonewall.” 

Lulu — Is  a  new  mining  camp  situated  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Grand  River,  in  Grand  county, 
(Middle  Park,)  about  fifteen  miles  noi’th  from  Grand 
Lake,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  good  wagon 
road. 

Five  miles  from  Lulu  northwest,  are  the  Rabbit 
Ear  Mines,  where  some  good  prospects  have  been 
found.  The  ores  of  this  region  carry  galena,  sul- 
phuretts,  ruby  and  grey  copper.  Those  being 
worked  run  from  $60  to  $180  per  ton.  The  Wolver¬ 
ine,  Carbonate,  Storm  King  and  Rustic,  are  work¬ 
ing.  The  mountains  are  alive  with  game  of  all 
kinds,  and  the  streams  with  fine  trout. 

Lulu  has  a  post  office,  stores,  hotels,  and  a  scatter¬ 
ed  population  about  the  mines  of  500.  Lulu  is  sev¬ 
enty-six  miles  north  from  Georgetown,  via  Grand 
Lake;  stage  xoar  times  a  week,  fare  $10.00;  from 
Denver,  by  rail  and  stage,  113  miles,  fare  $14.30.  See 
“ Post  Roads ”  Nos.  12, 18  and  60. 

Magnolia — Boulder  county,  is  a  post  office 
and  small  mining  camp,  nine  miles  southwest  from 
Boulder,  surrounded  by  mountains  and  grand  scen¬ 
ery.  It  is  on  “ Post  Roads”  No.  6,  via  Orodelfan. 
Fare,  $1.25. 

Malta— Lake  county,  is  situated  on  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  River,  at  the  junction  of  California  Gulch, 
about  two  miles  southwest  from  Leadville  by  wagon 
road,  and  five  miles  by  rail.  It  is  on  the  “joint 
track”  which  is  operated  by  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  and  the  South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacfic 
Railways.  Altitude  9,613  feet.  Malta  is  the  junction 
1  of  the  Eagle  River  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  which  is  building  to  Red  Cliff, 
tAventy-six  miles  north.  The  greater  part  of  this 
distance  is  completed,  and  the  whole  line  will  be 
done  early  in  the  spring  of  1881.  We  understand  the 
Rio  Grande  Company  intend  to  locate  their  machine, 
repair,  and  car  shops  at  this  place.  This  will  be  the 
grand  junction,  and  Maltanese  are  trying  to  make 
themsel\res  believe  that  this,  and  not  Leadville,  will 
be  the  carbonate  city  of  the  future.  There  are  several 
smelting  works  near  Malta,  but  they  will  appear  in 
the  description  of  Leadville  where  they  more  prop¬ 
erly  belong.  Tour  6.  Fare  to  Leadville,  fifty  cents. 


From  Denver,  166  miles,  fare  $14.60,  via  either  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  or  South  Park  Division,  Un¬ 
ion  Pacific  Raihvay. 

Malionville  —  Chaffee  county,  two  miles 
northwest  from  Buena  Yista,  a  post  office,  surround¬ 
ed  by  stock-raisers.  Distance  137  miles  from  Den¬ 
ver  ;  via  rail,  135  miles ;  no  regular  conveyance  for 
the  other  two  miles;  fare  $11.65; 

Manassa — Conejos  county,  is  situated  on  the 
Rio  Grande  Del  Norte,  ten  miles  northeast  from  San 
Antonio,  and  twenty-three  miles  south  from  Ala¬ 
mosa.  It  is  a  town  of  500  souls,  all  belonging  to  the 
Mormon  faith,  and  all  engaged  in  agricultural  and 
stock-raising  pursuits.  This  colony  belongs  to  the 
Josephite  branch  of  the  church,  do  not  practice  or 
believe  in  polygamy,  and  are  good,  law-abiding  cit¬ 
izens.  The  site  selected  for  their  town  is  in  the 
midst  of  the  finest  lands  in  the  San  Luis  Park,  the 
greater  portion  of  which,  is  easily  irrigated,  and  the 
balance  can  be  by  building  a  canal  and  taking  the 
water  from  the  Rio  Grande  far  above,  which 
we  understand  is  the  design  of  the  people,  and  will 
be  completed  at  an  early  day.  No  regular  convey¬ 
ance.  See  “San  Antonio,”  for  Distances  and 
Fares. 

Mancos — La  Plata  county,  on  the  Ptio  Man- 
cos,  is  a  small  agricultural  town  Avhere  grains, 
except  corn,  and  all  kinds  of  ATegetables,  grow  to 
perfection.  Stock-raising  is  also  an  important  in¬ 
dustry.  It  is  fourteen  miles  west  from  Parrott,  and 
tAventy-two  miles  southeast  from  Dolores,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  trail.  “Post  Roads ”  No.  60. 
Along  the  Mancos  River  are  many  old  ruins  of  cliff 
houses ;  a  description  of  some  of  them  will  be  found 
under  “Ancient  Ruins.” 

Mar shall — Boulder  county,  reached  by  the 
Boulder  &  Caribou  Branch,  is  six  miles  south  from 
Boulder  City,  on  south  Boulder  River.  Here  are  lo¬ 
cated  the  Marshall  Coal  Mines,  the  first  discovered, 
best  developed,  and  most  profitable  in  the  State. 
The  mines  are  worked  to  their  full  capacity,  load¬ 
ing  se\reral  trains  of  cars  daily.  Along  the  river 
bottom  are  some  of  the  best  fa;  ms  in  the  county. 
Small  grains  and  Aregetables  do  exceedingly  Avell 
when  irrigated,  and  many  large  canals  and  ditches 
have  been  constructed  for  this  purpose.  Above  the 
line  of  these  ditches  the  country  is  devoted  to  graz¬ 
ing  cattle  and  sheep.  Fare  from  Boulder,  fifty 
cents.  For  other  distances  and  fares,  see  “Boulder.” 

Marshalltown  —  Saguache  county,  a  ranch 
and  post  office,  on  the  Marshall  Pass  wagon  road, 
thirty-six  miles  Avest  from  South  Arkansas,  and 
sixteen  miles  A\rest  of  the  “Range.”  Daily  stage ;  fare, 
$5.50.  “Post  Roads”  No.  79. 

Marysville — Chaffee  county,  is  on  the  South 
Arkansas  River,  seven  miles  west  from  Poncho 
Springs,  on  the  Marysville  Branch  of  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway.  It  is  a  small  mining  town, 
of  561  population,  with  tAvo  smelting  works,  and  a 
number  of  stores  and  hotels,  principal  of  A\rhich  is 
the  Hughes  House. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  121 


There  are  many  mines  in  the  vicinity,  some  of 
which  are  said  to  be  very  rich.  Stock-raising  is 
also  one  of  the  occupations  of  the  people,  as  the 
surrounding  country  produces  fine  grasses  and  am¬ 
ple  water,  which,  together  with  a  good  home  mar¬ 
ket,  makes  the  business  a  very  profitable  one. 
From  Denver,  230  miles;  fare  $12.65.  Tour  6. 

Manitou — El  Paso  county,  where  are  located 
the  celebrated  springs  of  that  name,  is  eighty  miles, 
by  all  rail,  south  from  Denver,  five  miles  west  from 
Colorado  Springs,  and  fifty  miles  above  Pueblo,  situ¬ 
ated  at  the  very  foot  of  Pike’s  Peak,  on  the  north  side, 
in  as  romantic  a  little  nook  as  one  can  conceive. 
They  are  six  in  number  named:  Manitou,  Navajo, 
Utc-Soda,  Shoshone,  Iron  Ute,  and  Little  Chief. 
Prof.  Loew,  of  Lieut.  Wheeler’s  exploring  expedi¬ 
tion,  gives  the  analysis  of  the  different  springs  as 
follows ; 

THE  MINERAL  SPRINGS  AT  MANITOU. 

In  100,000  Parts  of  Spring  Water  are  Contained— 


OE 

Navajoe. 

|  Manitou. 

Ute  Soda. 

Shoshone 

Iron  Ute. 

Little 

Chief. 

Carb.  of  Soda . 

124.69 

52.26 

23.82 

88.80 

59.34 

15.16 

“  ofLithia _ 

0.24 

0-21 

trace. 

trace. 

trace. 

trace. 

*  of  Lime . 

129.40 

111.00 

40.00 

108.50 

59.04 

75.20 

“  of  Magnesia. 

31.66 

20.51 

6.10 

14.56 

13.01 

1.40 

5.78 

1.30 

Sulp.  of  Potassa. . . 

16.21 

13.35 

trace. 

5.12 

7.01 

6.24 

“  of  Soda . 

18.42 

19.71 

12.24 

37.08 

30.86 

51.88 

Ohio,  of  Sodium. . . 

39.78 

40.95 

13.93 

42.12 

31.59 

47.97 

Silica . 

1.47 

2.01 

trace. 

trace. 

2.69 

2.22 

Total  solid  constit- 

uents . 

361.60 

260.00 

97.49 

281.62 

210.87 

213.48 

Carbonic.  Acid. 

Degree  of  Fabren- 

heit . 

50.2 

56 

48.5 

44.3 

43 

These  springs  are  highly  recommended  for  their 
medicinal  qualities.  The  early  emigrants  of  1859- 
:  1860  often  used  the  waters  of  the  Navajoe  Spring  for 
making  bread;  by  the  addition  of  a  little  acid  it 
makes  a  very  fine  article. 

i  Manitou — in  the  summer,  is  a  busy  town,  of  1,000 

or  more  people — all  bent  on  enjoyment.  A  large 
Opera  House  is  building,  to  be  ready  for  1881.  Foun- 
j  tain  Creek  ripples  through  the  place,  along  the 
banks  of  which  are  many  trees— cottonwood,  pine, 

I  cedar  and  willow.  Cosy  little  cottages  peep  out 
here  and  there  from  among  the  trees,  rocks,  and 
gulches,  as  though  afraid  their  secluded  retreat 
would  be  discovered.  Many  new  buildings  were 
added  to  the  town  during  1880,  several  hotels  built 
and  others  enlarged,  and  yet,  often  the  demand  for 
(  accommodations  exceed  the  supply.  There  are 
now  five  large  hotels,  the  Beebe,  Manitou,  Cliff, 
Iron,  and  DeWitt,  besides  many  small  cottages  to 
rent  and  boarding  houses  in  scores.  The  Cliff  is  the 
only  hotel  open  in  winter.  The  Manitou  Branch  of 
the  Denver  &  Bio  Grande  run  in  connection  with 
all  through  passenger  trains  on  the  main  line. 
Fare,  from  Denver,  $5.20. 

The  scenery  surrounding  Manitou  is  immense  and 
very  beautiful.  Some  of  the  most  interesting  ob¬ 
jects  of  interest,  with  their  distances  from  Manitou, 


are:  Garden  of  the  Gods,  three  and  one?half  miles; 
Glen  Eyrie,  Queen’s  Canon,  to  Devil’s  Punch-Bowl, 
five  and  one-half  miles;  to  Cheyenne  Canon  and 
Seven  Falls,  ten  miles;  Summit  of  Pike’s  Peak, 
nearest  trail,  ten  miles;  Monument  Park,  with 
Mammoth  Anvil,  Dutch  Wedding,  Vulcan’s  Work¬ 
shop  and  Dunce’s  Parliament,  ten  miles;  Buxton’s 
Glen,  Iron  Spring  and  Ute  Pass,  one  and  one-half 
miles. 

Game  is  not  as  abundant  as  formally,  but  by  going 
from  five  to  ten  miles  away,  game  as  is  game,  can 
be  found.  Fare  to  and  from  Manitou  and  Colorado 
Springs,  twenty-five  cents.  To  Denver,  fare  $5.20. 
“  Post  Roads  ”  No.  38.  Tour  6. 

Meadow’s — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Arkansas  Biver  bottom,  and  the  Denver  & 
Bio  Grande  Bailway,  nine  miles  west  from  Pueblo, 
so  named  for  the  meadow  lands  in  the  vicinity. 
Fare  from  Pueblo  ninety-five  cents;  from  Denver, 
129  miles,  fare  $8.75.  Tour  6. 

Mears — Chaffee  county,  is  in  the  extreme 
southern  portion  of  the  county,  on  the  Mountain 
and  Poncho  Pass  wagon  road,  five  miles  south  from 
Poncho  Springs,  a  wayside  post  office  on  “Post 
Roads”  No.  79.  Fare  from  Poncho  Springs,  $1.00. 

Meeker — Summit  county,  formally  the  White 
Biver  Indian  Agency,  is  situated  in  Agency  Park,  on 
the  White  Biver,  161  miles  south  from  Bawlin 
Springs,  a  station  on  the  Union  Pacific  Bailway, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  stage  three  times  a 
week,  requiring  forty-five  hours  time.  Fare,  $18.00 ; 
express  matter,  ten  cents  per  hundred;  population, 
600,  mostly  Indians,  Soldiers  and  government  em¬ 
ployes.  Laboring  men  are  in  demand,  at  wages 
from  $2.50  to  $3.00  per  day,  and  board.  But  little 
farming  is  done  in  the  vicinity,  and  what  was  once 
attempted  in  the  way  of  teaching  the  Indians, 
caused  the  death  of  one  of  the  best  hearted  men 
that  ever  set  foot  in  Colorado,  N.  C.  Meeker,  who 
was  murdered  and  horribly  mutilated  September 
29th,  1879,  the  same  day  that  Colonel  Thornburgh 
and  fourteen  of  his  command  were  ambushed  and 
killed  while  on  their  march  to  the  relief  of  the  Agency, 
wThich  had  been  threatened  for  many  months.  That 
Mr.  Meeker  was  a  good,  honest  and  conscientious 
man  and  agent,  there  is  not  a  doubt,  but  that  the 
policy  of  threatening  Indians  without  the  means 
immediately  at  hand  to  enfore  compliance,  is  an 
incorrect  one,  does  not  admit  of  a  doubt. 

If  the  Government  wmnts  the  lands  occupied  by 
the  Indians,  let  it  stop  making  treaties,  take  posses¬ 
sion  of  them,  then  lay  down  a  policy  well  backed 
with  the  power  to  enforce  it,  place  the  Indians  in 
the  Alms  houses — together  with  the  80,000  foreign 
born  that  now  occupy  them — where,  should  further 
massacres  occur,  the  Government  would  be  the 
gainer, — where  Greek  could  meet  Greek. 

McGee’s — Cliaffee  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  line  of  the  South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific 
Bailway,  126  miles  from  Denver.  Fare,  $10.80.  It  is 
situated  on  the  western  slope  of  the  “  range  ”  border- 


122 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Mirage  —  Elbert  county,  on 
Big  Sandy  River,  and  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Division  UnionPacific  Rail¬ 
way,  117  miles  east  from  Denver. 
Fare  $5.70.  Stock  raisers  have 
large  herds  running  over  the  coun¬ 
try,  which  is  occupied  for  no  other 
purpose.  See  Tour  4. 


SCENE  IN  MIDDLE  PARK,  JUST  BELOW  GRAND  LAKE. 


ing  the  South  Park  on  the  west,  the  waters  reaching 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  Trout  Creek,  a  stream 
noted  for  its  trout.  In  this  vicinity,  game,  such  as 
deer,  elk  and  bear,  can  be  found  by  the  effort.  A 
post  office,  a  hotel,  and  the  usual  railroad  buildings 
comprise  the  “  city.”  Tour  5. 

Michigan — Larimer  county,  is  a  post  office 
and  ranch  near  Cameron  Pass,  away  up  in  the  moun¬ 
tains,  forty  miles  north  of  wost  from  Fort  Collins, 
as  the  bird  would  fly;  but  much  further  by  the  wagon 
road,  which  runs  via  Livermore,  Elkhorn,  and  Cham¬ 
bers,  about  sixty-five  miles.  No  established  con¬ 
veyance. 


Middle  Park — Is  situated  in 
Grand  county,  at  an  average  alti¬ 
tude  of  8,000  feet  above  sea  level, 
surrounded  by  high  mountain 
ranges,  the  highest  peaks  of  which 
are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
The  Middle,  is  separated  from  the 
North  Park  by  the  “Continental 
Divide,”  over  which  the  usual 
route  is  via  Muddy  Pass.  Altitude, 
8,870  feet.  On  the  east  is  the  Front 
Range  of  the  “Rockies,”  crossed 
by  the  Berthoud  Pass;  altitude, 
11,350  feet;  and  the  Boulder  Pass, 
altitude,  11,670  feet.  To  the  south 
and  west  rise  the  Williams  and  Park 
Ranges,  through  which  canons  the 
Blue  and  Grand  Rivers.  Middle 
Park  is  about  forty  miles  long  by 
thirty  miles  wide,  and  is  the  best 
watered  of  all  the  mountain  parkfe 
of  Colorado.  Medicinal  springs, 
hot  and  cold,  in  great  varieties, 
abound.  The  sparkling  lakes  and 
mountain  scenery  are  unsurpassed 
for  varied  beauty  and  grandeur, 
while  for  game  of  all  kinds,  trout 
fishing,  etc.,  the  Middle  Park  has 
no  equal  in  the  world. 

The  wagon  road  frorh  George¬ 
town,  via  Berthoud  Pass,  follows 
along  down  beside  the  railroad 
track,  and  crosses  Union  Pass,  as 
described  in  Tour  2,  and  reaches 
Empire  City  in  four  miles.  At  Em¬ 
pire  the  road  turns  west,  up  Clear 
Creek,  through  a  narrow  valley, 
well  wooded,  with  high  mountains 
and  grand  scenery  on  both  sides 
for  seven  miles ;  thence  three  miles 


by  a  zig-zag,  dug-way,  to  the  summit  of  Berthoud 
Pass.  At  the  summit  is  a  hotel  kept  by  a  Mr.  Gas- 
kill,  where  rustic  accommodations  are  provided,  in 
a  rustic  way.  From  the  summit  the  road  descends 
by  other  zig-zags,  through  tall  pines  and  spruce, 
eleven  miles  to  “Cozzen’s”  hotel,  Frazier  post  office, 
on  Frazier  River,  in  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Park. 
Ah!  This  is  a  charming  place  to  stop;  plenty  of 
trout  and  game,  rich  milk  and  butter,  with  fine  ac¬ 
commodations.  Following  down  the  Frazier  River 
six  miles,  brings  us  to  Junction  Ranch,  of  ques¬ 
tionable  fame,  where  the  Rollins  wagon  road  comes 
down  from  Boulder  Pass.  Six  miles  further  we  find 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  123 


the  Twelve  Mile  Ranch,  kept  by  a  Mr.  Ostrander, 
where  the  road  for  Gband  Lake  branches  off  to  the 
northward.  Distance,  twenty-three  miles.  Contin¬ 
uing  west,  the  Hot  Sulphur  Springs  are  reached  in 
twelve  miles,  and  ten  more  comes  Troublesome, 
and  sixty-five  miles  more,  the  Steamboat  Springs. 
See  description  of  all  these  places  under  “ Cities , 
Towns,”  etc.,  also  “Post  Roads”  No.  12. 

There  is  a  little  farming  land  in  the  Park,  where 
potatoes  and  vegetables  are  successfully  raised,  but 
the  principal  business  of  the  people  is  stock-rais¬ 
ing. 

.  Mineral  City — San  Juan  County,  is  a  prom¬ 
ising  mining  camp,  situated  on  the  western  slope  of 
the  Uncompahgre  mountains,  near  timber  line;  alti¬ 
tude  11,474  feet  above  sea  level.  The  mines  in  this 
camp  are  numerous,  and  prospect  rich.  A  large 
amount  of  ore  is  taken  out  here  and  hauled  on  wa¬ 
gons  to  Lake  City,  for  reduction,  which  run  from 
$100  to  $600  per  ton. 

On  Mineral  Point  Mountain,  to  the  southward,  is 
located  a  number  of  mines  belonging  to  a  Chicago 
Company,  of  which  Mr.  J.  H.  Mountain,  so  long  con¬ 
nected  with  the  Chicago,  Eock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  as  ticket  agent,  under  the  Sherman  House 
in  Chicago,  is  manager.  The  ores  run  from  $150  to 
$700  in  silver,  and  are  thought  to  be  inexhaustible. 
Works  for  Reduction  are  contemplated,  when  it  is 
to  be  hoped  “Mount”  will  turn  out  a  stream  of  sil¬ 
ver,  equal  to  the  daily  earnings  of  his  “pet”  road— 
the  renowned  Rock  Island.  The  Red  Cloud  is  also 
a  very  promising  mine  on  the  same  mountain. 

The  town  consists  of  one  store,  saw  mill,  several 
restaurants  and  saloons,  and  the  requisite  number 
of  log  cabins  for  a  population  of  200.  Six  miles  due 
west  is  located  Poughkeepsie  Gulch ;  Lake  City 
nineteen  miles  east;  fare,  $3.00;  Animas  Forks  three 
miles  southeast;  fare,  fifty  cents;  Ouray,  is  seven 
miles  northwest,  by  trail;  wagon  road  building. 
For  Distances  and  Fares  east,  see  “ Lake  City ”  and 
“Ouray.”  The  route  to  Ouray  is  one  of  the  most 
rugged  and  picturesque  of  the  San  Juan  trails.  'In 
the  seven  miles  traversed,  the  average  descent  is 
547  feet  to  the  mile,  and  in  some  places  1,000  feet,  with 
yawning  chasms,  first  on  one  side  of  the  canon  walls, 
and  then  on  the  other,  so  deep  and  fearful  that  one 
shudders  at  the  thought,  long  after  having  passed 
over  the  route ;  where  one  miss-step  would  be  the 
last  on  earth,  and  the  descent  into  an  awful  abyss. 

The  wagon  road  between  Mineral  and  Ouray,  al¬ 
though  only  seven  miles  in  length  when  completed, 
has  been  three  years  in  building,  and  not  yet  done. 
It  runs  along  on  the  top  of  the  canon  wall  in  many 
places,  overlooking  the  fearful  gorge  below,  afford¬ 
ing  views  of  varied  scenery,  at  once  grand,  rugged, 
wild  and  beautiful,  beyond  description.  In  this 
great  canon  is  the  soure  of  the  Uncompahgre  River, 
fed  by  Bear,  Red,  and  numerous  small  Creeks,  some 
of  which  reach  it  by  cascades,  in  one  instance,  100 
feet  in  one  unbroken  fall.  Game  of  all  kinds,  in¬ 
cluding  the  grizzly  bear,  are  numerous  in  the  canon 
and  around  the  mountains,  and  the-  hunter  would 


find  in  this  section,  satisfaction  for  all  his  most  ex¬ 
travagant  desires. 

Modoc— Boulder  county,  is  a  post  office  on 
Left  Hand  Creek,  one  mile  north  from  Ni-Wot,  a 
station  on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific 
Railway.  It  is  in  one  of  the  richest  agricultural 
portions  of  the  county.  It  is  nine  miles  northeast 
from  Boulder  City,  and  fifty-four  miles  north  from 
Denver,  fare  $2.75. 

Monument — is  on  the  southern  slope  of  the 
“Divide”  between  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs, 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  fifty-six  miles 
from  Denver,  and  nineteen  miles  north  from  Color¬ 
ado  Springs.  Monument  Creek  is  on  the  west;  be¬ 
yond  is  the  mountains.  Very  little  land  is  cultiva¬ 
ted,  and  that  only  along  the  creek  where  water  can 
be  had  for  irrigation.  Stock-raising  and  lumbering 
are  the  principal  business.  There  are  several  stores, 
post  office,  one  weekly  paper,  and  one  hotel,  the 
Monument  House.  See  “Post  Road”  No.  36;  also, 
Tour  6.  Two  trains  daily. 

The  mountains,  far  to  the  west,  show  croppings 
of  red  sandstone,  rising  slab-like  from  their  sides 
several  hundred  feet  in  height.  Fare  from  Denver, 
$3.65. 

Monuments  —  Throughout  the  region  of 
Monument  Park  and  the  Garden  of  thfe  Gods,  are 
great  numbers  of  picturesque  monuments  of  white, 
grey,  or  yellowish  sandstone,  from  eight  to  fifteen 
feet  in  height,  surrounded  by  a  dark,  protecting  cap. 
The  column  is  more  readily  eroded  than  the  cap, 
which  is  of  a  much  harder  stratum  of  stone.  Rain, 
frost,  wind,  driving  sand  and  other  eroding 
agents,  are  the  artists  that  produce  forms  striking 
for  their  unique  beauty.  Endlich,  of  Hayden’s  Ex¬ 
pedition,  reports :  “Near  Antelope  Park,  on  a  small 
tributary'  of  the  Rio  Grande,  lies  hidden  a  spot  of 
unequaled  grandeur  and  beauty.  Instead  of  small 
monuments  at  best  ten  to  fifteen  feet  high,  we  here 
have  them  rising  to  300  and  400  feet.  Towering  far 
above  the  surrounding  spruce  timber,  they  lift  their 
weather-beaten  heads  towards  the  sky.  Thousands 
of  others  that  have  appeared  as  pigmies  beside  of 
giants,  stud  the  locality.  Precipitous  avails  600  feet 
in  height  enclose,  as  though  guarding  them,  the  won¬ 
derful  groups  here  displayed.  Arches  and  gateways 
of  ample  dimensions,  carved  by  the  skillful  hand  of 
nature  into  projecting  walls,  permit  a  distant  view 
that  is  closed  only  by  sharp  summits  of  the  Conti¬ 
nental  Divide.  Similar  to  the  spires  of  ancient 
gothic  architecture  do  the  monuments  at  places,  rise 
in  isolated  glory,  seeming  larger  even  than  they 
really  are  from  their  very  position.” 

Montezuma — Summit  county,  is  situated  on 
the  south  branch  of  the  Snake  River,  west  of  the 
“  Snowy  Range,”  and  is  strictly  a  mining  town. 
Population,  743.  Two  stores,  post  office,  the  Sum¬ 
mit,  and  Rocky  Mountain  Hotels,  saw  mill  and 
smelting  furnace,  comprise  the  business  portion  of 
the  town.  Half  a  mile  east  is  the  works  belonging 
to  the  Montezuma  Silver  Mining  Co.  The  principal 


124  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


mines  working  are :  Bell-east,  Tiger,  Tiger-Exten¬ 
sion,  Blanch,  Star  of  the  West,  Cashier,  Modoc, 
Washington,  Silver  King,  Great  Republic  and  Lan¬ 
caster.  There  are  many  others  not  working  that 
are  said  to  assay  rich. 

One  mile  below  the  town  is  situated  a  fine  Sulphur 
Spring,  which  will  soon  have  hotel  accommodations, 
baths,  etc.,  for  the  benefit  of  tourists.  Montezuma 
is  fourteen  miles  northwest  from  Webster,  fare 
$3.00,  on  Post  Road  No.  40.  To  Georgetown  via 
“High  Line,”  daily,  twenty-eight  miles,  fare  $5.00. 
“Post  Roads”  No.  13.  From  Denver,  eighty-four 
miles  via  Webster,  rail  and  stage.  Fare,  $10.00;  and 
$9.30  via  Georgetown. 

Monarch — Chaffee  county.  See  “  Chaffee 

Mount  Vernon — Jefferson  county,  is  a  small 
town,  post  office,  hotel  and  store,  at  the  mouth  of 
Mount  Yernon  canon,  fifteen  miles  west  from  Den¬ 
ver,  three  miles  south  from  Golden,  and  three  miles 
north  from  Morrison.  Several  quarries  of  lime  rock, 
lime  kilns,  and  coal  mines  are  near  the  town,  which 
contains  about  100  inhabitants.  Rail  communication 
from  the  north  and  south,  three  miles  distant,  sev¬ 
eral  times  each  day. 

Moraine — Is  in  Larimer  county,  in  the  moun¬ 
tains,  thirty  miles  west  from  Loveland,  forty-five 
miles  north  from  Boulder,  and  thirty-six  miles  west 
from  Longmont.  It  is  six  miles  north  from  Long’s 
Peak,  in  the  beautiful  little  Willow  Park,  and  about 
ten  miles  east  of  the  Continental  Divide.  The  set¬ 
tlers  are  engaged  in  stock  raising,  dairying,  and  in 
summer,  keeping  entertainment  for  the  numerous 
tourists  who  throng  this  and  Estes  Park,  only  a  few 
miles  to  the  northward.  The  beautiful  mountain 
scenery,  pure  spring  water,  abundance  of  game, 
good  trout  fishing,  finest  of  resorts  for  invalids  and 
pleasure  seekers,  combine  to  make  this,  with  Estes 
Park,  one  of  the  most  attractive  resorts  in  Colorado. 
Good  hotel  accommodations  are  provided,  and 
numerous  small  cottages  for  families  are  for  rent. 
Stage  in  summer.  Fare,  $G.00.  See  Tour  1,  “  Long¬ 
mont”  and,  “Loveland.” 

Morley — Las  Animas  county,  is  a  small  sta- 
tion  on  the  New  Mexican  Extension  of  the  Atchison,  j 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  at  the  northern  base 
of  the  Raton  Mountains,  ten  miles  south  from 
Trinidad. 

Morrison— Jefferson  county,  on  Bear  Creek, 
at  the  eastern  entrance  of  Bear  Canon,  the  terminus 
of  the  Morrison  Branch  of  the  South  Park  Division 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway.  Population,  400.  At 
this  place  are  quarries  of  Red  Stone,  extensively 
worked,  of  the  best  quality  in  the  state.  All  the  best 
stone  used  in  Denver  for  building  purposes  comes 
from  this -place.  Near  the  town  are  valuable  iron 
mines,  and  the  erection  of  steel  works  are  contem¬ 
plated.  Morrison  presents  many  attractions  in 
summer  to  the  tourist.  The  Kendrick  and  Ever¬ 
green  are  the  principal  hotels.  Soda  Lake,  Springs 
of  Soda,  Sulphur  and  Iron,  are  near.  Trout  in  all 
the  streams,  and  game  in  the  vicinity.  The  “  Gar¬ 


den  of  the  Angels,”  Bear  Canon  and  Turkey  Creek 
Canon,  are  also  within  easy  reach,  where  the  scen¬ 
ery  is  most  grand  and  beautiful.  Pic-nic  parties 
frequent  this  place  in  summer,  in  great  numbers, 
from  Denver,  and  other  towns  in  the  valley.  Dis¬ 
tance  from  Denver,  sixteen  miles.  Fare,  $1.00. 
ToMt.  Vernon,  north  three  miles;  Golden,  north  six 
miles ;  Brookvale,  west,  twenty  miles.  “  Post  Roads  ” 
No.  39. 

Mountaindale  —  Post  office  on  Tarryall 
Creek,  Park  county,  twenty-seven  miles  southeast 
of  Como,  South  Park.  Hay  claims,  stockmen, 
game,  trout  and  magnificent  views  of  mountain 
and  park  scenery,  are  the  surroundings.  Distance 
from  Denver,  115  miles,  by  rail  and  hack ;  via  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway  to  Como 
eighty-eight  miles,  hack  twenty-seven  miles ;  fare, 
$10.05;  rail,  $7.35,  hack,  $2.70.  Mails  weekly.  On 
“  Post  Road  ”  No.  20.  Tour  5. 

Morgan — Weld  county,  or  Fort  Morgan,  is 
on  the  south  side  of  the  South  Platte  River,  ninety 
miles  northeast  from  Denver  by  “cut  off”  wagon 
road.  The  Fort  is  situated  on  a  high  table  land  over¬ 
looking  the  surrounding  country,  particularly  to  the 
eastward  down  the  river  for  a  long  distance.  Graz¬ 
ing,  and  along  the  Platte  bottom,  hay  lands  com¬ 
prise  the  wealth  of  the  region  where  cattle  and  i 
sheep  abound.  No  established  passenger  convey¬ 
ance. 

Mosca — Costilla  county,  is  situated  in  tlie  ; 
northern  portion  of  the  county,  at  the  western  foot  of 
Mosca  Pass,  over  Sangrede  Christo  Mountains,  into 
Wet  Mountain  Valley.  It  is  a  post  office  and  ranch, 
where  the  occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity 
is  mostly  raising  cattle  and  sheep.  Ten  miles  west 
are  situated  the  San  Luis  Lakes,  abounding  in  ducks, 
geese  and  water  fowls.  Distance  from  Alamosa, 
northeast  twenty-six  miles.  No  regular  conveyance. 

Mount  Siiefdes — Ouray  county,  is  a  mining 
camp  seven  miles  southwest  from  Ouray,  by  trail, 
where  are  located  some  very  rich  lode  mines.  See 
“Ouray”  for  description. 

Muddy  Creek — Pueblo  county,  is  a  post 
office  at  the  junction  of  Muddy  Creek  and  Green¬ 
horn,  in  a  stock  raising  and  agricultural  section  of 
country;  the  latter  only  being  limited  by  water 
for  irrigation.  It  is  five  miles  northwest  from  Salt 
Creek,  and  seven  miles  southwest  from  Greenhorn, 
both  stations  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
south  from  Pueblo.  No  regular  conveyance  from 
these  places.  See  “ Post  Roads”  No.  48. 

Mule  Shoe — Huerfano  county,  is  a  station 
only  on  paper,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
in  Abata  Baiion.  It  is  the  point  where  the  trains 
round  the  “toe”  of  a  big  mule  shoe  curve,  over  the 
Abata  wagon  road,  and  start  on  their  ascent  to 
Dump  Mountain.  It  is  seventy-nine  mil-es  south 
from  Pueblo,  and  202  miles  from  Denver.  Fare* 
from  Pueblo,  $8.20;  from  Denver,  $1G.  Tour  7. 

Mullensville — Park  county,  is  a  cross-roads 
post  office  on  Four  Mile  Creek,  two  miles  below 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  125 


Horse  Shoe ;  six  miles  southwest  from  Fairplay,  and 
ten  miles  northwest  from  Giro’s.  There  are  some 
mines  in  the  vicinity,  but  stock-raising  is  the  chief 
industry.  Fare  from  Fairplay,  50  cents;  hack.  From 
Denver,  117  miles ;  fare  $10.40,  via  rail  and  hack. 

Natlirop — Chaffee  comity,  seven  miles  south 
from  Buena  Yista,  on  the  Arkansas  river,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Gunnison  Extension  of  the  South 
Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  The  two  companies 
run  trains  over  this  Extension  to  the  “  end  of  the 
track,”  in  connection  with  regular  through  trains 
on  each  road.  The  companies  have  a  fine  stone 
depot  building  here,  and  the  town  contains  several 
stores,  hotels,  saloons,  and  about  200  population. 
Pipes  are  being  laid  from  CJhalk  Creek,  a  mile  above 
I  the  town,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  it  with  pure 
water.  The  Press,  a  weekly  paper,  is  published 
here.  The  country  for  miles  around  is  good  stock 
grazing  lands.  Some  low  grade  silver  mines  have 
been  discovered  a  few  miles  east,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Arkansas  River.  Fare,  to  Denver, 
$11.65.  Tours  5  and  6. 

Nederland — Boulder  county,  is  situated  on 
Middle  Boulder  Creek,  eighteen  miles  west  from 
Boulder  City.  Population,  350.  The  town  consists 
of  one  large  Smelting  Furnace,  saw  mills,  stamp 
mill,  several  stores  and  hotels,  chief  of  which  is  the 
Mountain  House.  Its  location  is  most  beautiful, 
being  situated  in  a  broad  grassy  valley,  surrounded 
by  distant  mountain  ridges.  Altitude  8,263  feet. 
The  Nederland  Mill  works  the  ores  from  the  Caribou 
and  No  Name  mines,  and  have  proved  a  profitable 
investment  to  the  stockholders.  Distance,  Cari¬ 
bou,  west,  four  miles ;  Rollinsville,  four  miles  south ; 
Boulder,  eighteen  miles,  east.  From  Central  City, 
seventeen  miles  south,  stage,  $2.50.  Denver,  fifty- 
six  miles,  rail  and  stage.  Fare,  $5.60.  “  Post  Roads  ” 
Nos.  10  and  11. 

Nevada ville  —  Gilpin  comity,  post  office 
name,  Bald  Mountain,  is  really  a  suburb  of  Cen¬ 
tral  City,  one  mile  distant,  where  are  loca¬ 
ted  a  great  number  of  mills  and  mines.  Quartz 
Hill,  on  which  the  city  is  located,  is  one  series  of 
pit-falls,  rocks  and  prospect  holes,  with  hundreds 
of  men  engaged  in  all  kinds  of  work,  connected  with 
the  mining  interests,  which  alone  occupies  the  at¬ 
tention  of  the  citizens.  See  “  Gilpin  County  ”  len¬ 
der  the  head  of  “  Central  City.”  Nevadaville  is 
thirty-eight  miles  west  from  Denver,  via  the  Color¬ 
ado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  to  Central 
City,  fare  $3.10;  no  regular  conveyance  from  Cen¬ 
tral;  distance  one  mile  west. 

Neig'oldston — San  Juan  county,  is  seven 
miles  from  Silverton  east,  on  Cunningham  Gulch, 
where  are  located  the  Neigold  Concentration  Works. 
In  the  vicinity  are  located  the  Philadelphia  and  the 
Pride  of  the  West.  The  ores  are  argentiferous  gal- 
I  ena,  grey  copper  and  chlorides,  and  average  runs 
give  250  ounces  of  silver;  choice  selections  $10,000 
to  the  ton.  See  “  Silverton.” 


Nepesta — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  station  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  twenty- 
eight  miles  east  from  Pueblo,  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Arkansas  River,  where  it  is  crossed  by  the  rail¬ 
road.  The  country  is  devoted  principally  to  stock- 
raising,  with  some  good  farming  lands  along  the 
river  bottoms.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $1.60.  Tour  8. 

New  Liberty — Weld  county,  is  situated  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Cache  a  la  Poudre  River,  in  a 
farming  community  principally,  with  a  few  stock- 
raisers  around  upon  the  high  lands.  Distance, 
eleven  miles  north  of  west  from  Greeley,  and  sev¬ 
enteen  miles  southeast  from  Fort  Collins,  on  “Post 
Road”  No.  2.  Fare  from  Greeley,  $1.00;  from  Col¬ 
lins,  $1.50.  Tour  1. 

Nigger  Gulch — One  mile  east  from  Breck- 
enridge,  on  French  Gulch,  was  in  early  placer  min¬ 
ing  days,  a  busy  camp  of  several  hundred  indus¬ 
trious  miners,  now  it  is  only  worked  by  a  few  men 
by  hydraulic  process.  From  Denver  to  Brecken- 
ridge,  105  miles;  eighty-eight  miles  is  via  the  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  fare  $7.35  to 
Como,  and  seventeen  miles  by  stage,  fare  $2.50. 
Tour  5. 

Ni-Wot — A  small  station  on  the  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  in  Boulder  county, 
on  Left  Hand  Creek,  a  branch  of  the  St.  Train  River. 
This  station  was  named  for  a  mine  and  mill  to  be 
seen  at  the  westward,  on  the  side  of  the  mountain, 
which  it  is  said  is  very  profitable  to  the  owners. 
The  farming  land,  along  the  Left  Hand,  and  in  fact 
all  the  neighboring  streams  in  this  region,  are  the 
best  in  the  State.  Here  are  the  “Gardens”  of  Col¬ 
orado.  Distance  from  Denver,  fifty-three  miles, 
fare  $2.65.  Tourl. 

North  Pueblo — Pueblo  county,  a  station  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  three  miles 
north  from  South  Pueblo  station,  fare  fifteen  cents; 
and  117  miles  south  from  Denver,  fare  $7.65.  Across 
Fountain  Creek,  half  a  mile  to  the  eastward,  is 
located  East  Pueblo,  consisting  of  a  few  good  farm 
houses  and  as  many  more  adobe  cabins.  Tour  6. 

North  Park— is  in  Larimer  county,  and  not, 
as  represented  on  most  maps,  in  Grand  county. 
This  park  is  one  of  the  least  known,  yet  it  possesses 
more  natural  advantages  than  any  of  the  others.  It 
contains  about  900  square  miles  of  the  finest  summer 
grazing  lands  in  the  State ;  its  elevation  rises  from 
7,500  to  8,500  feet.  It  is  enclosed  by  the  Medicine 
Bow  Range  on  the  east,  the  Continental  Divide  on 
the  south,  and  the- Park  Range  on  the  west,  sloping 
gradually  to  the  north. 

The  surface  of  the  park  is  a  series  of  undulated 
ground  swells  to  that  of  gentle  rising  hills  and 
towering  Cordilleras,  that  form  an  unbroken  chain 
from  its  south  to  its  northern  limits,  and  making 
one  of  the  most  magnificent  mountain  ranges  in  the 
world,  by  its  length,  height  and  immensity.  The 
North  Park  extends  from  a  high  sub-range  of  the 
Continental  Divide,  that  separates  the  North  from 
the  Middle  Park,  to  the  State  line.  Through,  and 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


out  of  it,  flows  the  North  Platte  and  its  tributaries, 
forming  the  head  waters  of  that  stream. 

For  game,  it  has  no  equal  in  the  world.  Bison, 
wild  cattle,  deer,  elk,  antelope,  bear,  mountain 
sheep,  grouse  and  quail  abound,  together  with 
grizzlies  and  mountain  lions,  but  no  trout  in  the 
streams;  in  their  stead  are  all  the  different  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  the  “sucker”  family. 

The  recent  mining  discoveries  within  and  around 
the  park  have  been  the  means  of  opening  roads 
through  it  and  settling  a  portion  of  its  prairies  on  the 
banks  of  its  streams  with  stock  men.  Rich  prairies 
j  open  out  before  the  eye  on  approaching  the  park ; 

|  gently  rolling  hills  and  long  level  bottoms,  covered 


with  luxuriant  and  nutritious  grass, 
commbn  to  the  mountain  parks, 
with  clear  limpid  streams,  com¬ 
bining  all  the  natural  beauty  that 
hill  and  valley,  forest  and  plain, 
snow  and  verdure,  water  and  waste 
can  produce.  The  brilliant,  cool, 
bracing  and  refreshing  atmosphere 
of  the  azure  firmament  assisting 
the  respiration  that  breathing  was 
exhilarating  to  the  most  sensitive 
lungs  as  well  as  assisting  the  eye  to 
distinguish  objects  at  a  great  dis¬ 
tance.  Scenes  more  replete  with 
beauty  cannot  be  imagined.  The 
meadow  of  the  park,  to  a  casual 
observer,  has  the  appearance  of 
being  boggy,  but  on  close  exami¬ 
nation  the  hommocks,  so  often 
found  on  marshy  ground,  are  tufts 
of  grass  that  have  grown  for  years 
and  remain  standing  by  reason  of 
not  having  been  grazed,  burned  or 
mowed  off.  All  the  meadows  that 
have  been  mown,  grazed  or  burned 
off  become  smooth. 

The  best  route  by  which  to  reach 
the  Park  is  via  Laramie  City,  Wy¬ 
oming;  by  stage,  once  a  week,  dis¬ 
tance,  fifty-two  miles.  Fare,  $6.00. 

Ohio — Gunnison  county,  is  a 
small  mining  town,  situated  on 
Quartz  Creek,  six  miles  west  from 
Pitkin,  on  the*,  line  of  the  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way,  twenty-one  miles  east  from 
Gunnison  City.  It  has  several 
stores,  a  hotel,  saw  mill,  a  dozen 
buildings  and  a  population  of 
about  100.  It  is  claimed  there  are 
some  valuable  mines  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity,  but  up  to  the  time  of  writing, 
little  has  been  done  on  them,  fur¬ 
ther  than  the  necessary  assessment 
work,  to  secure  the  title.  Fare  from 
Pitkin,  coach  daily,  ninety  cents ; 
from  Gunnison,  fare,  $3.15.  See 
“ Pitkin ”  also  “Post  Roads ”  No.  79. 
Opliir — Ouray  county,  is  situated  on  Turkey 
Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  San  Miguel,  on  the  west¬ 
ern  slope.  It  consists  of  one  store,  a  hotel,  and 
about  twenty-five  buildings  of  all  kinds,  including 
two  Arastras  for  working  free  gold  ores.  The  lodes 
in  the  vicinity  are  numerous  and  rich.  The  mines 
that  are  working  are  Gold  King  and  Oceola.,  sul- 
phurets.  Millruns  are  from  $50  to  $5,000,  gold.  The 
Summit  and  Alta  run  $150,  silver,  galena  and  grey 
copper ;  The  Chance  $150,  silver ;  Spar  $200,  grey  cop¬ 
per.  The  above  are  on  Silver  Mountain.  Opposite, 
on  Yellow  Mountain,  are  located  the  Montezuma, 
Parsons,  What  Cheer  and  Nevada;  run  from  $150  to 
$250.  Besides  the  above  named,  there  are  many 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP  SACK  GUIDE 


others  not  working,  that  are  known  to  be  valuable. 
Ophir  is  fourteen  miles  northwest  from  Silverton, 
ten  miles  north  to  San  Miguel,  twenty  miles  north¬ 
east  to  Ouray,  reached  by  trail.  “  Post  Roads  ”  Nos. 
27  and  61. 

Orodelfan  —  Boulder  county,  situated  on 
|  Boulder  River,  three  miles  west  from  Boulder  City, 
i  It  has  a  post  office,  several  buildings,  and  a  large 
!  smelting  furnace  worked  by  a  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
Company.  From  Boulder  City,  via  stage,  fare  fifty 
cents.  See  "  Post  Roads  ”  No.  8.  Tour  1. 

Ojo  —Huerfano  county,  is  a  small  station  and 
post  office,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
seventy-nine  miles  south  from  Pueblo,  and  199  miles 
from  Denver.  Alamosa,  fifty-one  miles.  It  is  situ¬ 
ated  on  La  Yeta  Creek,  just  at  the  southeastern 
base  of  Yeta  Mountain. 

A  rich  copper  mine  is  reported  near  the  station, 
and  the  same  reports  say  a  smelting  furnace  is 
about  to  be  erected  to  work  the  ore.  Ojo  is  in  a 
!  narrow  canon,  the  upper  portion  of  which  is  called 
Abata  Canon.  Up  this  canon  the  cars  run  about 
three  miles  to  the  mule-shoe,  and  then,  turning,  run 
around  on  the  side  of  “Dump  Mountain,”  in  plain 
view  from  the  station.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $7.95; 
from  Denver,  $15.75.  Tour  7. 

Oro  City — Lake  county,  is  a  small  mining 
camp  and  post  office,  at  the  head  of  California 
Gulch,  three  miles  southeast  from  Leadville.  Lode 
and  placer  mining.  See  “ Leadville.”  ■ 

Osage  Avenue — Pueblo  county,  situated  on 
St.  Charles  River,  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  moun¬ 
tains,  where  agriculture  and  stock-raising  are 
the  only  industries.  The  amount  of  agricul- 
;  tural  land  is  only  limited  by  the  water  supply 
for  irrigation.  It  is  due  west  fifteen  miles 
from  Salt  Creek  station,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  and  on  “Post  Roads ”  Nos. 

16  and  49.  Fares  unsettled. 

O.  Z. — El  Paso  county,  is  a  post  office  on 
;  the  Big  Sandy  Creek,  away  out  on  the  broad 
plains,  where  the  cattle  and  sheep  raisers  are 
too  much  occupied  to  name  their  camp.  “Old 
Zounds”  applied  to  the  post  office  depart¬ 
ment  for  the  establishment  of  a  post  office  at 
this  place,  and  being  too  lazy  to  sign  or  write 
|  out  his  full  name,  wrote  his  initials,  “O.  Z.,” 

:  and  hence  the  name.  It  is  thirty-five  miles 
east  from  Monument,  and  twenty-five  miles 
west  from  River  Bend.  The  former  a  station 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  and  the  latter 
a  station  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Division, 

Union  Pacific  Railway.  “Post  Road ”  No.  36. 

See  both  places  for  fares. 

Ouray  —  County  seat  of  Ouray  county, 

J  population  1,018,  was  named  for  the  noted  In¬ 
dian  of  that  name,  chief  of  the  Ute  Nation, 
who  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in  August, 
i  1880,  had  always  been  the  fast  friend  of  the 
white  people.  The  site  of  the  city  is  one  of 


great  beauty,  being  just  inside  of  the  Canon  of  the 
Uncompahgre  River,  seven  miles  west  from  the 
summit  of  the  mountains  of  that  name,  and  con¬ 
sequently  on  the  Pacific  Slope  of  the  Continent,  at 
an  altitude  of  7,640  feet  above  sea  level.  The  lit¬ 
tle  park  in  which  it  is  situated  is  nearly  round, 
and  only  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  in  diameter. 
On  all  sides  the  canon  walls  and  mountains  rise, 
range  upon  range,  peak  overshadowing  peak,  all 
grooved  and  furrowed  by  the  hand  of  the  Great 
Maker,  from  the  tiniest  wrinkle  to  a  chasm  of  most 
gigantic  proportions,  from  the  smallest  depression 
and  most  rugged  ravine  to  one  of  the  grandest 
canons  in  the  world.  Coupled  with  this  wild  scene 
are  cascades,  towering  pines,  leafy  shrubs  and 
creeping  vines,  with  mosses,  ferns,  and  delicate 
tinted  flowers;  which,  with  the  towering  walls,  are 
of  every  color,  shade  and  hue,  sandwiched  in, 
as  it  were,  in  the  wildest  profusion.  In  the  cen¬ 
tre  of  this  great  circle, — this  grand  amphitheatre  of 
nature,— compared  with  which  the  Coliseum  of 
Rome  was  an  infant,  is  located  the  city  of  Ouray. 
To  the  southeast,  only  a  few  miles  distant,  rises  Mt. 
Snefflep,  6,609  feet  above  the  city,  together  with 
scores  of  lesser  peaks,  all  of  which  are  worn  into 
horrible  and  frightful  caiions  and  gorges  by  the 
erosion  of  centuries,  in  places  choked  with  debris, 
and  often  inaccessible.  Words  are  inadequate  to 
describe  the  appearance  of  these  wild  scenes.  Here 
is  a  wreck  of  matter,  or  an  exploded  world  piled  up, 
dug  out,  and  scattered  about  in  strange  and  reckless 
confusion ;  the  fiercely  red  peaks  about  lending  a 
brilliant  contrast  to  the  long  stretches  of  timber, 
and  the  golden  shade  of  the  valley  of  the  Uncom- 


THE  DOUBLE  HEAD,  CLEAR  CREEK  CANON. 


128  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


pahgre,  lying  far  below,  and  to  the  westward.  The 
natui-al  wealth  of  the  mineral  deposits  in  this 
vicinity  seems  to  have  been  proportioned  to  its 
inacessibility.  That  the  mines  are  situated  in  the 
most  rugged  places  are  as  readily  conceded  as  the 
established  fact  that  they  are  the  richest  in  the 
country.  Three  miles  below  the  city  the  valley  of 
the  Uncompahgre  is  reached,  along  which,  for  many 
miles,  are  grown  vegetables  and  small  grain  in 
abundance.  Thus  the  scenic,  mineral  and  agricul¬ 
tural  wealth  seem  to  meet,  forming  an  anomaly 
seldom  found  in  a  mining  country. 

The  principal  hotels  in  Quray  are  the  Dixon  and 
Grand  Central.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub¬ 
lished  here,  the  Ouray  Times  and  the  Solid  Muldoon. 
Stores  of  all  kinds  are  here,  many  of  which  carry 
large  stocks  of  goods,  also,  shops,  restaurants  and 
I  saloons,  with  schools  and  churches.  Secret  orders 
of  all  kinds  and  classes  are  also  here,  as  well  as  one 
large  smelting  works,  one  ten  stamp  mill,  one 
sampling  works,  and  one  crusher  and  concentrating 
works,  the  latter  belonging  to  Dr.  Hazard,  of  Phila¬ 
delphia,  concentrates  ten  tons  of  mineral  into  one 
ton,  a  great  saving  in  transportation,  when  ores  are 
to  be  shipped  east  for  more  perfect  treatment  than 
can  be  had  in  this  country  at  the  present  time. 
Several  hot  sulphur  springs  are  situated  in  the 
edge  of  the  town,  fitted  with  baths  for  the  accom¬ 
modation  of  the  public,  and  are  well  patronized. 
Coal  is  found  a  few  miles  from  the  city,  said  to  be  a 
very  fair  article,  but  the  great  industry  of  the  people 
is  quartz  mining,  and  here  again  we  feel  our  inability 
to  do  justice  to  the  subject.  The  town  is  surrounded 
by  mining  camps,  ranging  in  population  to  several 
hundreds,  all  of  which  are  directly  tributary  for 
business  purposes,  such  as  the  purchase  of  supplies 
and  the  handling  and  shipment  of  ores. 

Close  to  the  town  are  located  the  Yankee  Boy, 
Grand  Yiew,  Virginius,  and  Potosa  Group.  The 
Trout,  Fisherman,  Grey  Copper,  Johnny  Bull  and 
C  A.  Weston,  cai’ry  grey  copper,  ruby  and  brittle 
silver,  runs  from  $200  to  $1,700  per  ton.  The  Dexter 
is  also  a  valuable  mine  just  below. 

In  Imogen  Basin  and  Sneffles,  seven  miles  south¬ 
west,  are  •  Hidden  Treasui’e,  Millionaire,  Bessy 
Bascom,  Norma,  Crusader,  Hoosier  Girl,  Emily, 
Yellow  Bose,  Grand  Trunk,  Mark  Twain,-  Wheel  of 
Fortune,  Chief  Deposit,  Pocahontas,  Imogen, 
Buckeye  Girl,  Seven-Thirty,  Highland  Chief,  Cari- 
■  bou,  Highland  Lassie,  and  many  others,  that  run 
from  $200  to  $650  to  the  ton. 

A  group  of  mines  belonging  to  Governor  Pitkin 
and  friends,  four  miles  from  town,  the  Duke  of  Ed¬ 
inburg,  Boyal  Albert  and  Koyal  Consort,  rich  in 
grey  copper,  carbonate  of  copper  and  copper  pyri¬ 
tes,  run  from  $200  to  $625  per  ton. 

On  Bear  Creek,  four  miles  southeast,  are  located 
many  valuable  mines,  chief  of  which  are  the  Levia¬ 
than,  Union  and  Little  Maud. 

About  one  mile  south  is  located  what  is  known  as 
the  “  Mineral  Farm it  was  discovered  in  1875,  and 
was  sold  in  1878,  for  $75,000,  to  the  Norfolk  &  Ouray 


Deduction  Company,  who  have  since  worked  it  vig¬ 
orously.  The  “  Farm  ”  comprises  forty  acres  of 
ground,  or  four  claims,  300  by  1,500  feet,  the  lodes 
are  from  ten  to  twenty  feet  in  width,  and  carry 
galena,  grey  copper,  sulphurets,  chlorides,  with  anti¬ 
mony,  running  silver  and  lead  from  $300  to  $700  per 
ton.  There  are  many  mines  not  enumerated  above, 
that  are  equally  rich,  and  some  hundreds  of  “  pros¬ 
pects”  that  assay  up  in  the  thousands,  on  which 
only  assessment  work  has  been  done. 

If  the  miners  of  Ouray  pray  at  all,  it  is  for  the  com¬ 
ing  of  the  “  Iron  Horse they  consider  the  comple¬ 
tion  of  the  railroad  to  their  city,  the  one  thing  of 
paramount  importance.  And  their  prayers  are  in 
a  fair  way  to  be  answered,  as  two  railroad  com¬ 
panies  are  building  to  Ouray,  as  fast  as  men,  muscle 
and  money,  can  do  so,  and  it  is  quite  probable  one 
or  both  will  be  completed  by  the  close  of  1882. 

The  Uncompahgre  Park  commences  three  miles 
north  from  Ouray,  and  is  about  fifteen  miles  in 
length  by  six  in  width,  a  portion  of  which  is  in  the 
Ute  Indian  Beservation.  The  greater  amount  is 
good  agricultural  land,  where  wheat,  oats,  corn  and 
vegetables  are  successfully  raised,  provided  the 
land  is  irrigated.  Nine  miles  from  the  city,  in  the 
park,  is  located  Hot  Sulphur  Springs  of  some  note, 
but  until  the  Indian  title  to  the  land  is  extinguished, 
it  is  hardly  probable  the  tourist  would  desire  to 
know  more  about  them,  much  less  visit  them. 

Los  Pinos  agency  is  twenty-five  miles  north  from 
Ouray,  fare,  $3.  On  “Post  Roads ”  Nos.  76 and  79. 
Lake  City,  ninety-six  miles;  fare,  $13.  Alamosa,  211 
miles;  fare  $31.00.  South  Arkansas,  179  miles ;  fare, 
$27.50.  Denver,  396  miles  via  rail  and  stage;  fare, 
$39.15.  Gunnison  City,  seventy-five  miles;  fare  $10. 
All  the  above  places  are  reached  by  the  above  post 
roads.  San  Miguel,  southwest  twenty-seven  miles  by 
trail.  By  stage,  daily,  fifty  miles ;  fare,  $8.  “  Post 
Roads”  No.  26.  On  same  route,  Trenchard’s,  sixteen 
miles;  fare,  $2.00.  Alder  Creek,  thirty  miles;  fare 
$5.25.  Portland,  four  miles  north ;  fare,  fifty  cents. 
Silverton,  by  trail,  sixteen  miles;  Mineral  Point, 
trail,  seven  miles,  (wagon  road  building) ;  Lake  City, 
trail,  twenty-seven  miles;  Bico  via  Placerville  and 
Ophir,  ninety  miles  by  trail.  “  Post  Roads”  No.  27. 
Poughkeepsie,  ten  miles  by  trail.  “Post  Roads” 
No.  25. 

Pagosa  Springs  —  Conejos  county,  is  the 
name  of  a  small  town,  situated  on  the  Old  Fort 
Lewis  Military  Beservation,  now  called  Fort  Pagosa> 
separated  from  the  post  by  the  Bio  San  Juan.  Here 
are  situated  the  noted  Hot  Springs,  from  which  the 
town  derives  its  name.  The  Springs  are  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  river,  are  circular  in  form,  about 
sixty  feet  in  diameter,  boiling  up  in  the  middle 
with  great  force.  Their  temperature  is  140°  Faren- 
heit,  and  are  said  to  possess  rare  medicinal  qual¬ 
ities.  The  Indians  hold  them  in  great  veneration, 
as  “big  medicine  waters,”  and  are  said  to  have  a 
strange  legend  in  regard  to  them. 

The  rim  of  the  basin  in  which  the  Spring  is  sit¬ 
uated  is  about  ten  feet  higher  than  the  waters 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  ' 


within,  and  fully  fifty  feet  higher  than  the  surround¬ 
ing  country  for  500  yards  distant,  gradually  sloping 
away  with  vent  or  “pot-holes”  on  all  sides,  from 
!  which  the  steam  is  continually  rising. 

This  great  cone-like  elevation  is  formed  of  alka- 
[  line  and  other  deposits  from  the  waters  of  the 
Spring;  the  work  of  ages.  From  the  vent-holes 
!  that  are  below  the  level  of  the  waters  in  the  Spring, 
little  streams  of  hot  water  are  continually  flowing, 
like  the  waters  from  an  overflowing  basin  beneath 
a  fountain.  These  little  streams  have  worn  chan¬ 
nels  in  the  formation,  and  are  conducted,  by  the  citi¬ 
zens,  to  rude  bath  houses,  constructed  around  the 
base  of  the  cone. 

The  town  contains  about  thirty  people,  exclusive 
of  a  company  of  soldiers  at  the  Fort,  and  we  should 
judge  the  number  of  these  extemporized  baths  were 
much  greater,  giving  from  two  to  ten  to  each  fam¬ 
ily.  In  our  search  for  knowledge,  and  while  ram¬ 
bling  around  this  great  Spring,  we  accosted  one 
whom  we  supposed  to  be  a  citizen,  but  who  proved 
to  be  a  stranger.  We  approached,  and  politely  re¬ 
quested  to  know  what  was  the  principal  occupation 
of  the  people  of  Pagosa.  Quick  as  thought,  while 
casting  an  eye  at  the  scores  of  bath  houses,  came 
the  reply,  “Bathing!  by  G— d,  sir.”  We  were  terri¬ 
bly  shocked  at  his  profanity,  but  at  the  same  time 
could  not  help  but  think  that  his  “head  was  level.” 

Analysis  made  by  Prof.  Lowe  of  the  Wheeler  Ex¬ 
pedition,  gives,  in  100,000  pai’ts  of  water: 


Carbonate  of  Soda .  4.70 

“  of  Lithia . 71 

“  of  Lime .  59.00 

“  of  Magnesia .  4.85 

Sulphate  of  Potasa .  7.13 

“  of  Soda . 221.66 

Chloride  of  Sodium .  29.25 

Silica .  5.70 

Organic  Matter . trace 


Total . 333.00 


Gases,  Car.  a.  c.  sul.  hy. 

Temperature,  140°,  Farenlieit. 

The  place  contains  a  store,  post  office,  restaurant, 
several  saloons,  and  one  hotel — the  Updike. 

Distance  to  Animas  City,  west,  sixty  miles,  buck- 
board;  fare,  $9.00;  to  Summit  Mines,  northeast, 
thirty-five  miles,  by  trail — “Post  Roads' '  No.  76 — 
from  which  it  is  twenty-seven  miles  to  Del  Norte, 
“Post  Roads"  No.  74;  Mouth  of  Navajos,  south, 
twenty-one  miles;  fare,  $2.00;  to  San  Antonio,  via 
Denver  &  Bio  Grande,  125  miles,  by  stage  and  rail; 
total  fare,  $10.50;  to  Denver,  404  miles;  total  fare, 
$34.20.  Tour  7. 

Park  Siding — Jefferson  county,  “See  Resort 
Parlins  —  Gunnison  county,  is  situated  on 
Tomichi  Biver,  twelve  miles  east  of  Gunnison  City, 
fifteen  miles  west  from  Pitkin,  and  forty-nine  miles 
west  from  Poncho  Springs.  The  place  was  form¬ 
erly  known  as  Tomichi.  It  consists  of  a  hotel,  gro¬ 
cery,  saloon,  and  blacksmith  shop.  It  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  Marshall  Pass,  Saguache,  Pitkin, 
and  Gunnison  wagon  roads.  Some  little  farming 
along  the  Tomichi,  but  mostly  stock-raising.  To 


129 


Poncho  Springs,  coach,  daily,  fare,  $7.35;  to  Pitkin, 
fifteen  miles,  coach;  fare,  $2.25;  to  Gunnison  City, 
twelve  miles,  coach,  daily ;  fare,  $1.80.  “Post  Roads” 
No.  79. 

Parkclale — Or  Current  Creek  Station,  on  the 
Denver  &  Bio  Grande  Bailway,  is  in  Fremont 
county,  ten  miles  west  from  Canon  City,  on  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  Biver,  close  above  the  “Boyal  Gorge ;”  fare, 
$1.00. 

Park  City — a  mining  village  on  Buckskin 
Creek,  Park  county,  three  miles  west  from  Alma,  on 
the  wagon  road  from  Alma  to  Leadville,  via  Mus- 
quito  Pass,  population  200.  Quartz  lodes  said  to  be 
rich  in  silver  carbonates.  The  location  at  the  south¬ 
ern  base  of  Mt.  Bross,  is  in  the  midst  of  grand 
mountain  scenery,  as  well  as  an  abundance  of  game. 
Distance  from  Fairplay,  eight  miles  by  hack;  fare 
$1.00;  from  Denver,  112  miles  by  rail,  to  Fairplay; 
fare  $10.80;  total  fare  $11.80.  Tour  5. 

Parrott — County  seat  of  La  Plata  county,  on 
the  Bio  la  Plata,  at  the  point  where  that  river  leaves 
the  mountains,  is  a  small  mining  camp  of  great 
promise ;  population  280.  The  ores  are  tellurium  and 
free  gold.  The  town  was  named  for  a  rich  banker 
of  San  Francisco,  -who  expended  large  sums  of 
money  here  in  the  development  of  mines.  Of  over 
500  locations,  only  about  twenty  have  been  devel¬ 
oped,  principal  of  which  are:  Comstock,  Isabel, 
Bulldozer,  Snowstorm,  Ashland  and  Tenbrook. 
The  ores  run  from  $25.00  to  $300  per  ton— mill  runs ; 
assays  from  $50  to  $2,000.  Here  is  an  oppor-  ; 
tunity  for  some  genius  to  invent  a  process  to  extract  i 
from  the  refractory  ores  all  the  mineral.  Placer 
mines  are  also  worked  in  the  town.  One  company 
has  been  for  many  months  constructing  flumes  and 
works  for  washing  the  ground  by  hydraulic  pro-  j 
cess,  which  promise  success.  Two  stores,  a  hotel, 
and  the  usual  number  of  shops  and  buildings  for  a 
place  of  this  size,  comprise  the  town.  Coal  mines 
are  located  near,  but  of  poor  quality  on  the 
surface,  which,  as  the  mines  are  -worked,  will  un¬ 
doubtedly  improve.  Stock-raising  and  agriculture 
is  the  principal  occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the 
country  to  the  south  and  westward.  Grain,  except 
corn,  and  all  kinds  of  vegetables  grow  in  profusion 
and  perfection.  Fort  Lewis,  the  new  Government 
Post,  is  located  on  the  Bio  la  Plata,  eight  miles 
south  from  Parrott,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river. 
The  “Post”  of  that  name  formerly  at  Pagosa 
Springs,  has  been  changed  to  “Fort  Pagosa.”  Man- 
cos  is  fourteen  miles,  and  Dolores  thirty-six  miles 
west  from  Parrott,  connected  by  trail  on  “ Post  Road" 
No.  69;  with  Animas  City,  by  “  Post  Roads"  Nos.  6 
and  8;  Durango,  east  sixteen  miles  via  same  road, 
where  railroad  connection  will  be  made  during  the 
summer  of  1881. 

Pella — Boulder  county,  is  a  small  town  on  St. 
Train’s  Creek,  in  the  midst  of  farms  well  cultivated 
and  very  productive.  It  is  five  miles  west  from 
Longmont,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  “  Post 
Road”  No.  4.  See  “ Longmont.”  Tour  1. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Petersburg- a  small 

station  on  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  Ara¬ 
pahoe  county,  situated  on 
the  east  side  of  the  South 
Platte  River,  eight  miles 
south  of  Denver;  has  a 
post  office,  and  is  sur¬ 
rounded  by  agriculturists. 

It  was  near  this  station 
where  gold  was  first  dis¬ 
covered  on  the  Platte  Riv¬ 
er,  in  1858.  The  gold  was 
fine  and  in  small  quanti¬ 
ties,  and  the  “diggings” 
were  abandoned  for  more 
distant  fields.  Fare,  fifty 
cents.  Tour  6. 

Piedras  —  Conejos 
county,  is  a  post  office 
ranch,  on  the  Rio  Piedra, 
at  the  extreme  western 
portion  of  the  county, 
close  to  the  northern  edge 
of  southern  Ute  Indian 
Reservation.  The  settlers 
in  the  surrounding  coun¬ 
try  are  mostly  engaged  in 
stock-raising.  Coal,  pine 
timber,  and  game  abound  [ 
in  the  vicinity,  and  trout 
in  the  streams.  It  is  above 
the  average  as  a  “road 
side”  stopping  place ;  sit¬ 
uated  on  the  wagon  road, 
between  Animas  City  and 
Pagosa  Springs,  twenty- 
two  miles  west  from  the 
latter,  and  thirty-eight 
miles  east  from  the  form¬ 
er.  It  will  be  near  the  line 
of  the  San  Juan  Exten¬ 
sion  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  and  can 
be  reached  from  the  “end 
of  the  track,”  which  is 
constantly  reaching  out 
westward.  It  is  about 
ninety  miles  west  from 
San  Antonio. 

Pine  Creek — Chaf¬ 
fee  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  “Joint  Track” 
road  between  Buena  Yista 
and  Leadville,  thirteen 
miles  north  from  Buena 
Yista,  and  twenty-three 
miles  south  from  Lead¬ 
ville,  situated  on  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  River.  Lumbering 
and  stock  raising,  is  the 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  131 


occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity.  Fare, 
from  Buena  Yista.  $  1.30  Toni'  6. 

Pine  Grove — Jefferson  county,  Platte  Canon. 
This  is  a  station  on  the  South  Park  Division.  Union 
Pacific  Railway,  forty-two  miles  from  Denver  Fare. 
|3.20  It  is  a  coaling  station  but  the  wood  and  tie 
interest  is  quite  large  Near  the  station  is  a  her¬ 
mit’s  cabin,  occupied  by  a  very  aged  man,  whose 
history  “no  fella  can  find  out  ”  Tour  5 

Pinoii— Pueblo  county,  is  a  sage  brush  station 
on  the  west  side  of  Fountain  Creek,  on  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway.  105  miles  south  from  Den¬ 
ver  Fare,  $6.90;  and  fifteen  miles  north  from 
Pueblo :  fare  ninety  cents.  Cattle  and  sheep  abound 
and  nothing  else,  except  sage  brush.  Tour  6 
Pine  River — La  Plata  county,  is  a  ranch, 
hotel  p,nd  post  office,  in  one  building,  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Rio  de  los  Pinos,  surrounded  by  timber 
and  agricultural  land,  where  stock-raising  is  the 
principal  occupation,  and  where  a  little  mining  is 
done.  To  the  northward,  coal  abounds.  It  is  on  the 
wagon  road  from  Animas  City  to  Pagosa  Springs, 
twenty  miles  east  of  the  former,  and  forty  miles  west 
from  the  latter.  The  accommodations  for  travelers 
here,  we  found  the  best  in  the  whole  San  Juan  coun¬ 
try.  It  is  the  first 
and  only  place 
where  we  were  re¬ 
minded  of  the  chick¬ 
en,  and  that  it  laid 
eggs,  and  found  the 
meals  cooked,  with¬ 
out  being  *'  wal¬ 
lowed  ”  in  grease. 

Game  is  abundant 
in  the  vicinity,  as  are 
the  trout  in  all  the 
streams  Produce  of 
all  kinds  raised  bring 
good  prices,  and  la¬ 
borers  are  in  de¬ 
mand  at  prices  rang¬ 
ing  from  $30  to  $50 
per  month  and 
board.  The  place  is 
only  four  miles  north 
from  the  Southern 
Ute  Indian  Reserva¬ 
tion.  but  the  Indians 
are  friendly,  nevei 
giving  the  whites 
any  trouble.  Twelve 
miles  south  is  situ¬ 
ated  the  Indian 
Agency  These  Utes, 
unlike  their  north¬ 
ern  brethren,  are  en¬ 
gaged  in  stock-rais¬ 
ing-  ponies  and 
sheep  principally. 

They  receive  rations 


weekly  and  their  allowance  of  annuity  goods  every 
fall.  This  Reservation,  notwithstanding  our  treaty 
with  the  Indians  to  the  contrary,  is  overrun  with 
the  cattle  and  sheep  belonging  to  white  men  living 
just  outside  of  the  Indian’s  reserve,  which  results 
in  great  loss  and  disadvantage  to  the  rightful  oc¬ 
cupants.  We  understand  the  Indians  have  com-  1 
plained  bitterly  of  these  wrongs,  but  can  find  no 
redress.  The  Agent  says  he  cannot  expel  the  white 
man’s  stock ;  certain  influences  are  too  strong  for 
him.  The  result  will  be,  war— eventually.  Our  Gov¬ 
ernment  makes  treaties,  claims  to  be  civilized,  yet 
the  Indians’  rights— secured  by  the  faith  of  a  “civil¬ 
ized”  people-  are  seldom  respected,  and  when  the 
“barbarian”  complains,  the  ear  is  deaf  to  his  plead¬ 
ings.  We  say  a  curse  to  such  civilization. 

Pine  River  is  reached  by  stage  from  the  San  Juan 
Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railways. 

Distance  to  San  Antonio,  148  miles ;  to  Denver,  419 
miles.  See  “San  Antonio." 

Pitkin,  Gunnison  County — is  one  of  the  most 
progressive  cities  on  the  western  slope ;  beautifully 
situated  on  the  north  bank  of  Quartz  creek,  in  a  little  j 
park,  gradually  sloping  to  the  southward,  sur- 
rouded  by  high  timber-covered  mountain  ranges. 


132  CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

Altitude  9,220  feet;  population  1893.  It  is  on  the 
western  slope  of  the  Sawache  Mountains,  on  the  line 
of  the  Gunnison  Extension  of  the  South  Park  Divis¬ 
ion,  Union  Pacific  Kailway.  The  principal 
occupation  of  the  people  is  mining,  merchandising 
and  lumbering.  Pitkin  is  fully  provided  with  stores 
and  shops  of  all  kinds,  one  bank,  one  sampling 
works,  five  saw-mills,  good  schools,  several  church 
organizations  and  one  weekly  newspaper. 

The  Pitkin  Independent  was  established  here, 
July  1st,  1880,  by  Frank  P.  Sheafor;  it  is  reliable,  and 
strongly  devoted  to  home  interests.  Principal 
hotels,  Pitkin  and  European. 

The  chief  industry  is  mining,  the  ores  are  both 
silver  and  gold,  and  assay  from  $60  to  $20,000  to  the 
ton.  The  principal  mines  are:  Fairview,  Silver 
Eyelet,  Little  Per  Cent,  Sultana,  Chloride  King, 
Terrible,  Sultan,  Wampum,  Little  Nellie  and  Silver 
Age. 

Surrounding  Pitkin  are  many  little  mining  camps 
that  are  tributary  to  it  for  business  purposes,  and,  as 
an  out-fitting  point  for  prospectors.  Game  of  all 
kind  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  Pitkin,  as  well  as 
the  finest  trout,  for  the  labor  of  throwing  a  fly. 

Virginia  City,  or  Tin  Cup,  is  fourteen  miles  north; 
Gunnison  City  twenty-seven  miles  west;  Alpine 
twenty-one  miles  east;  South  Arkansas  sixty-nine 
miles;  Buena  Vista,  forty-one  miles;  Leadville 
seventy-seven  miles ;  Denver  177  miles.  Fares  from 
Buena  Vista,  rail  and  Stage  $5.25;  from  South 
Arkansas,  rail  and  Stage,  via  Marshall  Pass,  $10.50; 
from  Gunnison  City  twenty-seven  miles,  fare  $4. ; 
from  Denver,  by  rail,  via  Alpine  Pass,  $16.90; 
‘'Post  Roads”  Nos.  64  and  79.  Tour  5. 

Pierce — Weld  county,  is  a  small  station  on  the 
Cheyenne  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  sixty- 
seven  miles  north  from  Denver,  on  the  high  rolling 
prairie,  between  the  Cache  a  la  Poudre  River,  and 
Cheyenne;  fare  from  Denver,  $4.80.  Tour  3. 

Pine  Grove— Douglas  county,  is  a  post 
office  on  Cherry  Creek,  sixteen  miles  southeast  from 
Denver.  Stock-raising  is  the  only  occupation.  The 
grove  for  which  the  post  office  was  named  is  now 
mostly  stumps.  “Post  Road”  No.  32.  Fare  from 
Denver,  $2.00. 

Pinewood — Larimer  county,  is  a  post  office, 
ranch,  and  a  few  settlers  on  the  south  branch  of 
Big  Thompson  River,  twelve  miles  west  from  Love¬ 
land,  on  “Post  Road”  No.  5,  to  Estes  Park.  See 

Loveland.” 

Placer — Costilla  county,  population  350,  is  a 
station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  on 
the  southern  slope  leading  down  from  Veta  Pass 
into  San  Luis  Park.  It  is  a  regular  eating  station 
on  the  railroad  where  the  best  of  meals  are  furnished 
for  the  money  paid,  the  motto  being  “  a  fair  profit, 
but  a  square  deal.” 

The  town  consists  of  a  fine  station  building,  one 
Smelting  Furnace,  three  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  num¬ 
ber  of  small  shops,  and  some  good  private  residen¬ 
ces.  Placer  has  many  fine  “  prospects  ”  in  the  vicin- 

ity,  carrying  gold,  silver  and  lead.  One  lode  called 
the  Treasure,  is  said  to  assay  as  high  as  $20,000  to 
the  ton.  About  four  and  a  half  miles  north,  is  situ¬ 
ated  a  famous  Iron  mine ;  the  minerals  run  seventy 
per  cent,  iron  and  seventeen  per  cent,  silver.  A 
rail  track  is  to  be  laid  to  the  mine  and  the  ores  taken 
to  Pueblo  where  it  will  be  made  into  steel  imple¬ 
ments  by  the  great  steel  works  building  at  that 
city.  Distance  from  Placer  to  Pueblo,  ninety- 
two  miles;  to  Denver,  212  miles;  to  Fort  Garland, 
thirteen  miles;  Alamosa,  thirty-eight  miles. 

Placer  is  situated  at  the  eastern  base  of  Mount 
Blanca  and  Mount  Baldy,  and  the  tourist  desirous 
to  visit  either  of  these  lofty  peaks,  will  find  this  the 
best  point  to  stop,  and  prepare  for  the  journey. 
Game  of  all  kinds  is  numerous  about  this  neighbor¬ 
hood  ;  it’s  the  hunters'  paradise.  Fare  from  Pueblo, 
$9.25;  from  Denver,  $17.05.  See  Tour  7. 

Placerville — Ouray  county,  on  the  San  Mi¬ 
guel  River,  thirty  miles  west  from  the  town  of  San 
Miguel.  It  is  a  small  place ;  the  people  are  mostly 
engaged  in  placer  nlning  along  the  river.  The 
Bennett  Dry  Placer  Amalgamator  has  just  com¬ 
menced  operations  here,  but  with  what  success  we 
ire  not  informed.  Distance  from  Ouray,  thirty 
miles  by  trail.  “  Post  Roads  ”  Nos.  27  and  28. 

Platteville — Is  a  small  post  office  station, 
on  the  Cheyenne  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
situated  in  Weld  county,  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
South  Platte  River,  thirty-five  miles  north  from 
Denver;  fare,  $2.90.  The  river  bottoms  are  occu¬ 
pied  by  farmers,  and  also  on  the  highlands,  where 
water  can  be  had  for  irrigation,  producing  good 
crops  of  all  kinds.  Near  Platteville  the  Julesburg 
Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific,  joins  the  Cheyenne 
Division.  Tour  3. 

Platte  River— A  station  on  the  South  Park 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  on  the  main  South 
Platte  River,.  Park  county.  For  miles  above  and 
below  this  place  the  grounds  are  marshy,  and  many 
salt  springs  and  salt  lakes  abound.  A  few  miles 
south  is  located  the  South  Park  Salt  Works,  for 
which,  see  Tour  No.  5.  Northwest  of  the  station,  one 
and  one-half  miles,  is  Buffalo  Springs,  which  is  be¬ 
coming  something  of  a  summer  resort.  Distance 
from  Denver  to  Platte  River,  113  miles;  fare,  $9.55. 
Tour  5. 

Platte  Canon — Jefferson  county.  See  “En¬ 
terprise.” 

Platte  Valley — Weld  county,  is  a  small 
ranch  and  post  office  on  the  south  side  of  the  South 
Platte  River,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Julesburgh 
Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  fifteen  miles 
east  from  Greeley.  Cattle  and  sheep  occupy  the 
country.  “Post  Roads”  No.  3.  Fare  from  Greeley, 
$1.50. 

Platte  Station — Park  county,  is  a  post  of¬ 
fice  and  old  stage  station,  on  the  Weston  Pass 
wagon  road,  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  mountains, 
and  eight  miles  west  from  Weston  Station,  on  the 
South  Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway.  Since 

CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  133 

the  stages  and  freight  teams  left  this  route,  the  peo¬ 
ple  at  the  station  are  mostly  engaged  in  stock-rais¬ 
ing.  There  are  some  good  mineral  “prospects” 
near,  but  not  developed.  No  regular  conveyance. 

Pleasant  Valley  —  Fremont  county.  See 
“Howards.” 

Plum  —  Post  office  name,  Sedalia,  Douglas 
county,  is  a  small  station  on  the  Denver  &  Eio 
Grande  Railway,  twenty-four  miles  south  from 
Denver,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Platte  Canon,  on 
Plum  Creek.  Stock-raising,  principal  industry. 
Fare,  $1.60.  Tour  6. 

Poncho  Springs — Chaffee  county,  is  situa¬ 
ted  on  the  South  Arkansas  River  and  the  Gunnison 
Extension  of  the  Denver  &Rio  Grande  Railway,  six 
miles  west  from  South  Arkansas  station.  Popula¬ 
tion,  170.  There  are  a  number  of  general  merchan¬ 
dise  stores  and  several  hotels,  the  Cottage  Home 
and  Poncho  Springs  Hotel  are  the  principal  ones. 
The  Elgin  Smelter,  a  branch  of  one  in  Leadville,  is 
located  just  below  the  town,  on  the  river. 

The  Springs,  from  which  the  town  derived 
its  name,  are  located  to  the  south  of  the  village 
about  one  mile,  away  up  on  the  side  of  the  moun¬ 
tain,  reached  by  a  good  wagon  road.  There  are 
a  great  number  of  these  hot  springs,  the  waters 
of  which  are  conducted  a  few  hundred  yards  down 
the  mountain  to  baths,  fitted  up  for  the  accommo- 
tion  of  visitors.  A  small  hotel  and  half  a  dozen  of 
tents  “for  rent”  are  provided  for  the  boarders  or 
families  who  wish  to  stop  awhile  to  enjoy  the 
waters.  These  springs,  like  many  other  good  things 
in  Colorado,  are  in  litigation,  and  we  were  unable 
to  procure  an  analysis  of  the  waters,  or  any  infor¬ 
mation,  further  than  the  price  of  board  and  baths. 

The  board  was  $11  per  week :  the  baths  fifty  cents 
each.  When  the  owners  of  these,  and  other  springs 
in  Colorado,  understand  that  it  is  necessary  for  them 
to  procure  an  analysis  of  the  waters  they  have  to 
sell,  for  the  information  of  the  public,  these  springs 
will  be  much  better  patronized,  provided  they  pos¬ 
sess  any  real  medicinal  virtues,  which  can  better  be 
ascertained  by  a  reliable  analysis  of  the  waters. 

It  is  claimed,  these  Hot  Springs  are  very  benefi¬ 
cial  in  cases  of  rheumatism  and  kindred  diseases. 
One  thing  is  certain,  they  are  patronized  to  the  full 
extent  of  the  accommodations  provided. 

Poncho  Pass  road  turns  south  from  the  town,  and 
Monarch  Pass  is  due  west.  The  scenery  is  very 
beautiful  and  varied,  particularly  from  the  Springs, 
which  are  500  feet  higher  than  the  town.  Stock- 
raising,  farming  and  mining  occupies  the  time  of  the 
settlers  in  the  town  and  vicinity.  Along  the  streams, 
and  where  water  is  used  for  irrigating,  good  crops 
of  vegetables  are  raised,  and  some  wheat.  Marys¬ 
ville  is  seven  miles  west  from  Poncho;  Arborville, 
twelve  miles,  and  Garfield  fourteen  miles.  Fare, 
from  South  Arkansas,  fifty  cents ;  from  Denver,  223 
miles;  fare,  $12.15.  See  Tour  6.  Also  “  Post  Roads” 
79. 

Portland — Ouray  county,  is  situated  on  the 

Uncompahgre  River,  four  miles  north  from  Ouray, 
on  what  is  known  as  the  “  four  mile  strip  ”  where 
vegetables  for  the  Ouray  market  are  grown  success¬ 
fully.  One  store,  ranch,  and  a  few  scattered  settlers 
comprise  the  town.  For  distances  and  fares,  see 
“  Ouray.” 

Poughkeepsie — San  Juan  county,  is  situa¬ 
ted  away  above  “  timber  line  ”  near  the  summit,  and 
on  the  western  slope  of  the  Uncompahgre  moun¬ 
tains,  twelve  miles  northwest  from  Silverton,  by 
wagon  road  and  trail  up  Cement  Creek,  and  seven 
miles  south  by  trail  from  Ouray.  It  has  a  store, 
restaurants,  saloons,  many  comfortable  buildings, 
and  a  summer  population  of  about  250.  It  is  the 
biggest  little  mining  camp  in  the  San  Juan  country. 
The  ores  are  galena  and  grey  copper,  carrying  gold 
and  silver.  The  principal  producing  mines  are: 
Alaska,  Saxon,  Alpha,  Adelpha,  Red  and  Rodgers. 
These  mines  are  being  worked  vigorously ;  the  ores 
are  sent  to  Crook’s  works  at  Lake  City,  and  to  the 
Gladstone  Works  on  Cement  Creek,  above  Silver- 
ton.  These  ores  run  by  mill  process-  from  $50  to 
$125.  The  Bonanza,  Pittsburg,  (an  extension  of  the 
Alaska)  and  Last  Chance,  are  owned  by  parties  in 
Kalamazoo,  Michigan;  one  of  whom  is  L.  P.  Ken¬ 
dall,  Esq.,  post  master  and  editor  of  the  Telegraph. 
The  ores  do  not  run  high  in  minerals,  but  are  thought 
to  be  inexhaustible.  In  Poughkeepsie  Basin,  just 
below,  are  located  some  valuable  mines,  chief  of 
which  are:  Alabama,  Oberto,  Poughkeepsie,  and 
Pride  of  the  Alps,  (gold  and  silver)  runs  from  $50  to 
$1,000.  Also,  near  by,  the  Summit,  Mountain 
Queen,  Philadelphia,  Indian  Chief,  Washington  and 
Custer,  which  runs  from  $50  to  $400,  galena,  grey 
copper  and  gold. 

Besides  the  above,  there  are  hundreds  of  undevel¬ 
oped  mines,  on  which  only  assessment  work  has 
been  done  that  “prospect”  equally  rich.  The  scen¬ 
ery  about  this  region  is  most  rugged  and  grand. 
Game  is  abundant,  including  grouse  and  quail,  and 
an  occasional  grizzly  bear.  For  fares  and  distan¬ 
ces,  see  “Ouray,”  “ Lake  City,”  and  “Silverton,” 
the  only  three  points  from  which  the  camp  can  be 
reached. 

Powers  —  Bent  county,  on  the  Arkansas 
River,  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Rail¬ 
way,  109  miles  east  from  Pueblo.  A  small  station  of 
little  note.  Fare,  $6.20.  Tour  8. 

PowTderhorn — Gunnison  county,  is  a  ranch 
and  station  at  the  junction  of  the  stage  roads  from 
Ouray,  Gunnison  City,  South  Arkansas  and  Lake 
City.  Surrounding  population  about  seventy-five, 
engaged  in  farming  and  stock-raising. 

Distance  from  South  Arkansas,  ninety-five  miles; 
fare,  $14.25;  from  Lake  City,  twenty-eight  miles; 
fare,  $3.75;  from  Alamosa,  103  miles;  fare,  $14.25; 
from  Gunnison  City,  fifteen  miles;  fare,  $2.25.  On 
“Post  Roads”  Nos.  78  and  79. 

Preston — Summit  county,  is  a  small  mining 
camp,  three  miles  northeast  from  Breckenridge,  by 
saddle  trail,  and  six  miles  by  wagon  road.  It  is  sit- 

134  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE . 


uated  in  Gold  Run  Basin,  where  are  located  some 
good  placer  “diggings,”  and  extensive  canals  and 
ditches  for  working  them  by  hydraulic  process. 
The  basin  in  which  they  are  located  is  one  mile 
wide,  and  about  four  miles  in  length— all  pay  gravel. 
The  upper  part  of  the  basin  is  a  limestone  porphyry 
formation,  where  carbonates  are  found.  In  the 
lower  half  is  a  slate  formation,  in  which  is  loca¬ 
ted  the  Discovery  Belt,  Intermediate,  Adelia, 
Timothy,  Inferno,  and  Surles.  These  lodes  contain 
gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead;  assay  rich,  and  are 
known  to  be  very  extensive. 

Preston  is  three  miles  from  Breckenridge ;  no  reg¬ 
ular  conveyance.  Mails,  by  saddle,  tri-weekly.  See 
“Breckenridge.” 

Price — Conejos  comity,  is  a  ranch  and  post 
office,  with  a  surrounding  population  of  about  200, 
engaged  in  raising  cattle  and  sheep,  lumbering,  coal 
mining,  and  farming.  It  is  situated  on  the  Navajo 
River,  three  miles  north  from  the  boundary  line,  di¬ 
viding  Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  in  a  most  beauti¬ 
ful  little  park,  through  which  passes  the  Little  Nav¬ 
ajo,  Spring  Creek,  and  the  Main  Navajo.  These  are 
mountain  streams  filled  with  the  finest  trout,  and 
the  park  and  mountains  with  abundance  of  game. 
In  the  park  are  five  large  Mineral  Springs,  hot  and 
cold.  The  largest  of  these  springs  is  128  feet  in  di¬ 
ameter,  and  the  smallest,  twenty-eight  feet.  Their 
waters  are  highly  spoken  of  for  the  cure  of  all  cu¬ 
taneous  affections. 

The  surroundings  are  mountains,  valleys,  heavy 
pine  timber,  abundance  of  grass  for  hay  and  graz¬ 
ing,  plenty  of  water  power,  coal  mines,  and  some 
good  gold  and  silver  “prospects,”  also,  a  Petroleum 
Spring.  The  occupations  of  the  settlers,  are  put¬ 
ting  up  hay,  farming,  lumbering  and  mining. 

Price  is  a  promising  locality,  eleven  miles  from 
the  San  Juan  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway,  and  twenty-four  miles  south-east  from 
Pagosa  Springs.  The  first  settler  in  this  park  was 
Barzillai  Price,  in  1878,  who  was  Clerk  of  the  District 
Court  of  Harrison  county,  Iowa,  from  1862  to  1864. 
He  has  done  well  in  his  new  home,  and  is  as  happy 
as  a  lord. 

Distance  from  San  Antonio  ninety-eight  miles. 

Stages  daily  from  “  End  of  the  Track,  ”  which  is 
hard  to  locate,  as  the  end  is  pushing  west  daily,  and 
it  will  not  be  long  before  Price  can  be  reached  by 
rail,  and  a  short  Stage  line.  See  “  San  Antonio  ’’for 
fares. 

Pueblo — county  seat  of  Pueblo  county,  sep¬ 
arated  from  South  Pueblo,  only  by  the  Arkansas 
river,  is  situated  on  the  north  bank,  a  short  dis¬ 
tance  above  its  junction  with  the  Fountain  Qui 
Bouille  Creek;  population,  3,317.  It  is  connected 
by  horse  cars  via  South  Pueblo,  with  the  Rio  Grande 
system  of  Railways,  to  the  north,  south  and 
west,  and  via  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe, 
with  the  Eastern  world;  distances,  to  Denver,  120 
miles ;  Kansas  City,  635  miles ;  Atchison,  619  miles ; 
Canon  City,  forty-one  miles;  Leadville,  159  miles; 


Alamosa,  130  miles,  and  by  stage,  as  in  “Post 
Roads  ”  Nos.  47  and  48.  See  Tour  6,  7  and  8. 

The  city  is  regularly  laid  out,  lighted  with  gas, 
has  horse  railroads,  telegraph,  telephone,  and  all 
the  modern  improvements  of  the  age,  with  abund¬ 
ance  of  water,  and  rows  of  shade  trees  lining  the 
side-walks  on  each  side  of  the  streets,  besides 
which,  streams  of  pure  water  are  continuously  run¬ 
ning. 

The  county  buildings  are  the  best  in  the  State; 
the  schools  are  good;  church  accommodations 
ample ;  most  of  the  denominations  are  represented. 
Pueblo  has  two  banks,  smelting  works,  a  planing 
mill,  rolling  mill,  foundry  and  machine  shop,  two 
flouring  mills,  several  poor  hotels,  and  two  daily 
newspapers;  also,  Board  of  Trade,  Masonic  and 
Odd  Fellow’s  Halls,  and  three  places  of  amusement, 
Montgomery’s  Opera  House,  Chilcott’s  and  Lotus 
Halls.  The  Democrat,  daily  and  weekly,  and  the 
Colorado  Chieftain,  daily  and  weekly,  are  published 
here.  The  Chieftain,  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
influential  newspapers  in  the  State,  has  the  most 
complete  building,  and  the  largest  job  department 
in  southern  Colorado. 

Pueblo  is  the  centre  for  a  vast  extent  of  agricul¬ 
tural,  stock-raising,  and  mining  country,  and  for  its 
size,  does  an  immense  business,  but  sadly  needs 
a.  good  hotel. 

Fare  from  Pueblo  to  Denver,  $7.80;  Kansas 
City,  $27.  See  Tour  6,  7  and  8.  Also,  map  of 
Pueblo  and  surroundings.  Page  61. 

Pulaski — Las  Animas  comity,  on  the  Las 
Animas,  or  Purgatoire  River,  sometimes  called  the 
“Picketwire.”  It  is  a  cross-roads  post  office,  near 
the  line  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Rail¬ 
way.  The  occupation  of  the  people  is  stock  rais¬ 
ing,  coal-mining  and  farming;  good  crops  are  pro¬ 
duced  wherever  the  land  is  irrigated — and  nary  seed 
without.  The  nearest  railroad  station  is  Hoehnes, 
one  and  a  half  miles  distant.  For  fares  see  “  Ho eh- 
nes.”  “Post  Roads”  No.  52. 

Quebec  —  Huerfano  county,  on  the  head¬ 
waters  of  Santa  Clara  Creek,  a  small  ranch  and 
post  office,  ten  miles  southwest  from  Santa  Clara,  a 
station  on  the  El  Moro  branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway.  Cattle,  sheep,  goats  and  babies, 
are  the  chief  productions  of  the  setters,  many  of 
whom  are  Spanish-Mexicans.  See  “  Santa  Clara.” 

Quiretla — or  Bassickville,  is  in  Custer  county, 
two  miles  north  of  Rosita,  and  four  miles  east 
from  Silver  Cliff;  has  a  post  office,  saw  mill,  smelt¬ 
ing  works,  a  few  stores,  and  about  500  population. 
Here  is  located  the  celebrated  Bassick  mine, 
discovered  in  June,  1877.  It  is  a  “chimney,”  or 
round  deposit  of  ore  from  six  to  twenty-five  feet  in 
width.  The  ore  consists  of  galena,  zinc-blend,  grey 
copper,  and  tellurides  of  gold  and  silver,  chloride 
of  silver  and  free  gold.  The  ores  run,  from  a  depth 
of  fifteen  feet  to  150  feet,  from  $80  to  $4,000  per 
ton.  There  are  quite  a  number  of  good  paying 
mines  in  the  vicinity,  and  hundreds  of  as  good  “pros- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  135 


pects  ”  as  the  Bassick,  at  the  surface,  before  much 
depth  was  reached.  No  regular  conveyance.  See 
fares  to  “ Rosita”  and  “ Silver  Cliff” 

Ralston — Jefferson  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway, 
four  miles  north  from  Golden,  and  twenty  miles 
northwest  from  Denver.  Fare  $1.00.  It  is  situated 
on  Ralston  Creek,  the  lands  of  which  are  of  the  most 
productive  in  the  State.  Farming  principally; 
some  stock-raising  and  coal  mining  in  the  vicinity. 
Irrigation  is  extensively  practiced  in  this  section  of 
country,  and  has  been  from  an  early  day.  Tour  1. 

Raton — Las  Animas  county,  on  the  Las  Ani¬ 
mas,  or  Purgatoire  River,  is  a  farming  and  stock- 
raising  community  of  about  150  people.  The  farm¬ 
ing  lands  are  limited  only  by  the  water  supply  for 
irrigation.  Distance  eighteen  miles  northeast  from 
Trinidad;  east  from  El  Moro  fifteen  miles,  and  eight 
miles  from  Hoehnes  station,  on  the  Atchison,  To¬ 
peka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  from 
which  a  tri-weekly  buck-board 
stage  connects.  Fare  $2.00.  See 
“  Hoeli-ne’s.” 

Recoil — Summit  county,  a 
new  mining  camp  on  Ten-Mile, 
near  Kokomo.  There  are  in  the 
vicinity,  both  fissure  and  con¬ 
tact  mines,  but  placer  mining  is 
the  principal  occupation  of  the 
people.  See  “  Kokomo.” 

Red  Cliff— Summit  county, 
is  a  new  and  live  mining  town, 
situated  on  a  triangular  piece 
of  land,  a  miniature  valley,  at 
the  junction  of  Turkey  Creek 
with  the  Eagle  River,  on  the  east 
side.  Near  the  town,  rise  Battle, 

Griner  and  Iron  Mountains,  cov¬ 
ered  with  timber,  and,  if  reports 
are  true,  they  are  filled  with 
gold,  silver,  and  other  valuable 
minerals.  The  town  has  a  popu¬ 
lation  of  about  1,000  hardy  and 
determined  people,  who  have 
left  the  ordinary  comforts  of  life 
behind  them,  to  come  here  and 
wrest  from  the  surrounding  hills, 
gulches  and  canons,  the  golden 
treasures  which  they  contain. 

The  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  Red 
Cliff,  during  the  year  1880,  at¬ 
tracted  much  attention  from 
mine  operators,  and  the  opin¬ 
ions  of  competent  experts  are, 
that  Red  Cliff  will  soon  be  one  of 
the  principal  mining  towns  of 
the  State.  The  formation  is  the 
Weber-quartzite,  the  lower,  mid¬ 
dle  and  upper  carboniferous 
strata,  are  in  sight  in  the  deep 


canons  of  the  streams.  A  well  defined  contact  be¬ 
tween  lime  and  porphyry  has  been  traced  for  thir¬ 
teen  miles,  and  prospectors  have  located  claims 
at  various  points  along  the  exposed  line.  A  large 
amount  of  work  has  been  done  during  the  year 
since  the  opening  of  the  camp,  principally  on 
prospects  and  assessment.  During  the  same  time 
several  large  corporations  have  begun  work.  One 
smelter  has  been  erected,  and  others  are  in  em¬ 
bryo.  Some  mineral  lodes  have  been  discovered 
on  the  Mt.  Holy  Cross,  seven  miles  southwest, 
which  are  said  to  be  very  rich,  and  the  present 
prospects  are  that,  Holy  Cross  City,  will  soon 
be  added  to  the  list  of  mining  towns  in  Color¬ 
ado.  Red  Cliff  is  well  supplied  with  stores  of  all 
kinds,  has  several  saw  mills  and  hotels,  chief  of 
which  is  the  National.  It  also  has  schools,  several 
church  organizations,  a  cornet  band,  and  soon 
will  have  a  railroad;  but  one  thing  is  lacking,  a 
daily  newspaper.  Distance  from  Red  Cliff  to 


FREIGHT  TEAMS  CLIMBING  UTE  PASS. 


136  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Leadville,  via  Tennessee  Pass,  twenty-six  miles, 
fare  $3.00 ;  stage  daily— soon  will  be  rail ;  Kokomo, 
by  trail,  fifteen  miles;  Breckenridge,  via  Frisco, 
thirty-two  miles ;  mouth  of  Gore  Creek,  ten  miles; 
Grand  River,  fifty-five  miles.  Fare  from  Denver, 
298  miles,  rail  and  stage ;  total  fare,  $18.00. 

Red  Hill — A  railroad  station  on  the  South 
Park  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  in  the  South 
Park,  Park  county,  ninety-three  miles  from  Denver. 
Before  the  completion  of  the  Fairplay  branch, 
stages  left  here,  on  the  arrival  of  trains  for  Fair- 
play  and  Alma,  four  and  ten  miles  distant,  to  the 
westward.  In  the  summer  of  1880,  a  fearful  powder 
explosion  occurred  here  which  entirely  destroyed 
the  place,  causing  a  heavy  loss,  since  which 
only  a  station  building  has  been  erected.  Cattle 
and  sheep  herds  are  to  be  seen  on  all  sides,  with 
game  in  abundance.  Distance  from  Denver,  ninety- 
three  miles,  fare  $7.85.  Tour  5.  Double  daily  trains. 

Red  Elephant  —  Clear  Creek  county,  is  a 
small  mining  camp,  situated  on  Red  Elephant 
Mountain,  one  mile  north  of  Lawson,  and  forty- 
seven  miles  west  from  Denver,  via  Colorado  Divis¬ 
ion  Union  Pacific  Railway.  It  consists  of  post  of¬ 
fice,  one  store,  and  several  boarding  houses  and 
miners’ homes;  population,  300.  On  this  mountain, 
in  1865,  a  prospector  picked  up  a  small  piece  of 
“Blossom  Rock”  that  assayed  $18,000  to  the  ton, 
•since  which  time  the  main  lode  has  been  hunted 
without  success;  but  the  hunt  resulted  in  the  dis- 
j  covery  of  many  valuable  lodes,  some  running  as 
high  as  $2,500. 

From  Denver,  by  rail  to  Lawsons,  forty-six  miles; 
fare,  $3.75;  over  the  other  mile  there  is  no  regular 
conveyance.  Tour  2. 

Resort  —  Platte  Canon,  Jefferson  county,  is 
called  “Park  Siding”  by  the  railroad  company.  It 
is  a  station  on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway,  thirty-four  miles  from  Denver; 
fare,  $2.65.  The  principal  occupation  of  the  citizens 
is  getting  out  wood,  ties,  posts  and  lumber.  Popu¬ 
lation,  about  100.  Hands  are  in  demand  for  the 
above  work,  at  $1.50  a  day  and  board. 

There  are  four  saw  mills  in  the  vicinity  of  the  sta¬ 
tion,  and  timber  enough  in  the  canons,  gulches,  and 
ravines,  and  on  the  mountains  to  last  for  many  years 
— almost  inexhaustible.  The  scenery,  too,  is  very 
fine,  as  well  as  the  hunting  and  fishing.  Tour  5. 

Rico — Ouray  county,  is  a  new  mining  town  of 
great  promise.  It  is  situated  on  the  East  Fork  of 
the  Dolores  River,  in  a  beautiful  little  valley  at  the 
junction  of  Silver  Creek,  thirty-five  miles  southwest 
from  Silverton.  The  Dolores  and  Pioneer,  are  the 
two  principal  hotels.  Population  894,  of  which  num¬ 
ber  only  fifty-eight  are  females.  The  town  has  two 
banks,  stores,  restaurants,  saloons,  and  shops  of  all 
kinds,  and  one  large  smelting  works— the  “  Grand 
View,”  owned  by  Senator  Jones  and  others.  Sur¬ 
rounding  Rico,  rise  Expectation,  Dolores  and  Tele¬ 
scope  mountains,  where  are  located  most  of  the 


mines  for  which  this  camp  is  noted.  On  Telescope, 
or  as  it  is  locally  called  “  Nigger  Baby  Hill,”  gold 
was  first  discovered  by  army  officers  twelve  years 
ago.  The  ores  are  gold,  silver  and  copper,  with 
iron  carbonates.  The  principal  mines  being  worked 
are:  the  Newman  and  Puzzle,  which  run  from  $500 
to  $4,000  to  the  ton;  Grand  View,  Alma,  Mateo, 
Hope,  Cross,  Edith,  and  Black  Diamond,  average 
runs  from  $75,  to  $400  per  ton. 

Three  miles  from  the  town,  on  Margurette  Creek, 
are  located  some  valuable  mines,  in  charge  of  Bev. 
Randolph  Keim,  Esq.,  late  General  Passenger 
Agent  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railway.  The  Dolores 
Neivs,  is  a  weekly  published  in  Rico,  is  ably  man¬ 
aged,  and  to  which  we  refer  the  reader  for  reliable 
current  news.  Coal  is  found  four  miles  below,  and 
twelve  miles  above  Rico,  in  abundance,  is  bitume- 
nous  and  cokes  well.  Soda  springs  are  located  in 
the  town,  and  a  sulphur  lake  half  a  mile  above,  up 
the  Dolores ;  the  sulphur  is  very  strong.  Near  the 
town  are  forests  of  timber  and  several  saw  mills. 
Game  of  all  kinds,  can  be  found  in  the  adjoining  j 
hills,  and  trout  in  all  the  streams. 

The  San  Juan  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  | 
Grande  Railway,  now  pushing  rapidly  for  Silverton, 
will  come  within  twenty  miles  of  Rico,  at  the  foot 
of  Cascade  Hill,  on  the  Rio  de  las  Animas,  twenty- 
two  miles  south  from  Silverton,  which  with  the 
completion  of  the  wagon  road  now  building  from  j 
Rico  to  the  same  point,  will  be  of  untold  value  to  \ 
the  citizens,  who  have  now  only  poor  trails.  Every 
passenger,  pound  of  freight,  and  the  mails  and 
express,  for  Rico  and  neighboring  camps  have 
now  to  be  packed  in  by  “Burro  Punchers,”  on  the 
back  of  the  ass,  or  broncho  ponies,  at  an  expense  of 
from  four  to  ten  cents  per  pound,  according  to  the 
state  of  the  trail  and  the  demand  for  packers. 

There  are  two  trails  from  Silverton,  one  via  Ophir, 
thirty-five  miles,  and  the  other  is  down  the  Rio  de 
las  Animas  to  Cascade  Hill  post  office,  by  wagon 
road,  twenty-two  miles,  and  from  thence  by  trail 
twenty  miles;  the  latter  is  the  most  preferable. 
Other  trails  lead  north  from  Rico  to  San  Miguel  and 
Ouray.  See  “  Post  Roads”  Nos.  27  and  61. 

Rito  Alto — Saguache  county,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  San  Luis  Park,  on  Rito  Alto  Creek,  at  the 
western  base  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  mountains. 

It  is  a  sheep  and  cattle-raising  community  of  a  few 
hundred  settlers  scattered  about.  Distance  from 
Saguache,  twenty  miles  southeast,  and  fifteen  miles 
east  of  south  from  Villa  Grove,  on  “  Post  Road”  No. 
56,  connecting  at  Villa  Grove  with  No.  79.  Fare,  to 
Villa  Grove,  $2.25;  from  South  Arkansas,  forty-three 
miles,  $6.75;  from  Denver,  260  miles,  fare  $18.40. 
Tour  7. 

Riverside — Chaffee  county,  on  the  Arkansas 
River.  This  is  a  small  station  on  the  “  Joint  Track  ” 
railroad,  between  Buena  Vista  and  Leadville,  seven 
miles  north  of  Buena  Vista;  post  office,  good  station 
building,  and  several  residences  comprise  the 
place.  Some  placer  mining  is  done  in  the  vicinity, 


CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


.and  some  lumbering  and  stock-raising.  Distance 
from  Denver,  142  miles ;  fare  $12.35.  Tour  6. 

River  Bend — Elbert  county,  a  small  station 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way,  eighty-four  miles  east  from  Denver;  fare,  $4.10. 
It  is  situated  on  the  Big  Sandy  River,  in  a  section  of 
country  devoted  wholly  to  stock-raising.  Tour  4. 

!  “Post  Roads”  No.  36. 

Roaring;  Forks  —  Gunnison  county.  See 
“Aspen.” 

Robinson  —  Bent  county,  on  the  Arkansas 
River,  is  a  small  station  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  Fe  Railway,  seventy-three  miles  east  from 
Pueblo ;  fare,  $4.20.  Tour  8. 

Robinson’s  Camp  —  Summit  county.  See 
“ Ten  Mile.” 

Rock  Ridge — Formerly  “Ivan  Cracken,”  in 
Douglas  county,  at  the  head  of  Cherry  Creek  Canon. 
Some  hay  is  gathered  for  market,  but  stock-raising 
is  the  principal  dependence  of  the  few  settlers  in 
the  vicinity;  on  “Post  Road”  No.  32.  Distance  from 
Denver,  south,  forty- two  nyles;  fare  $5.00. 

Rock  Ford — Bent  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  on 
the  south  side  of  the  Arkansas  River,  fifty-four  miles 
east  from  Pueblo;  fare,  $3.00.  Sheep,  cattle,  and 
cow-boys  occupy  the  country,  with  a  little  farming 
along  the  river,  where  the  land  is  irrigated. 

Rockcliff—  Saguache  county,  on  Saguache 
River,  is  a  post  office  and  ranch,  situated  in  a  beauti¬ 
ful  little  park  surrounded  by  mountains.  There  are 
some  good  farming  lands  in  the  park,  where  small 
grains  and  vegetables  are  raised,  and  hay  cured  for 
market.  It  is  sixteen  miles  northwest  from  Sagua¬ 
che,  on  the  old  Cochetopa  wagon  road,  on  ‘lPost 
Roads ”  Nos.  78  and  79. 

Rock  wood — La  Plata  county,  is  a  small 
wayside  post  office,  at  the  foot  of  the  Grand  Canon 
of  the  Rio  de  las  Animas,  twelve  miles  north  from 
Animas  City.  Grazing  lands,  timber,  game  and 
grand  scenery  surround  the  place.  It  is  on  “Post 
Roads ”  No.  68,  from  Silverton,  south,  thirty-four 
miles;  fare,  fifteen  cents  per  mile.  See  “ Animas 
City,”  and  “Silverton,”  for  fares  and  distances  to 
the  outside  world.  It  is  on  the  line  of  the  San  Juan 
Extension,  and  will  have  railroad  communication 
before  the  close  of  1881. 

Rocky — Park  county,  is  situated  on  a  branch 
of  the  Platte  River,  and  the  wagon  road  from  Garo’s 
to  Colorado  Springs,  twenty-seven  miles  east  from 
Garo’s,  a  station  on  the  South  Park  Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway.  Stock-raising  is  the  only  industry. 
Game  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity. 

Distance  from  Denver,  via  Garo’s,  131  miles,  rail 
and  stage;  rail,  $8.80;  stage,  $2.50;  total,  $11.30;  frofh 
Colorado  Springs,  thirty-seven  miles;  fare,  $5.00. 
“Post  Roads ”  No.  38.  Tour  5. 

Rollinsville — Gilpin  county,  is  on  South 
Boulder  River,  thirteen  miles  north  from  Central 
City,  via  Black  Hawk ;  population,  200 ;  elevation, 


137 


8.323  feet.  It  has  a  post  office  and  hotel— Rollins 
House;  one  stamp  mill,  and  a  concentrator.  It 
is  situated  in  a  beautiful  little  valley,  surrounded 
by  mountain  ranges  in  every  direction.  The  Mid¬ 
dle  Park  wagon  road,  commences  here  and  extends 
westward,  via  Boulder  Pass,  to  the  Middle  Park; 
said  to  be  a  good  easy  grade.  Distance  to  Hot  Sul¬ 
phur  Springs,  forty  miles,  and  Grand  Lake,  thirty- 
five  miles. 

Rollinsville  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Rollins  Gold 
&  Silver  Mining  Company,  who  have  a  great 
many  patented  mines  in  the  vicinity,  amounting  to 
26,000  lineal  feet,  also  1,100  acres  of  farming  land, 
under  fence  and  patent;  1000  acres  timber  lands,  and 
400  acres  of  patented  placer  mining  lands.  All  this 
vast  property  has  been  acquired  by  the  company, 
through  their  Superintendent,  the  veteran  miner, 
J.  Q.  A.  Rollins,  Esq.,  one  of  Colorado’s  early  pio¬ 
neers.  The  farming  land  yielded  the  company  for 
the  year  1880,  in  hay,  oats,  wheat  and  vegetables, 
$8,250. 

The  placer  lands  patented,  as  well  as  the  whole 
valley  and  mountains,  in  this  region,  show  the 
“color”  in  every  pan  of  dirt,  but  the  necessary 
water  supply  for  washing,  has  heretofore  been  want¬ 
ing  to  make  these  “diggings”  profitable.  To  sup¬ 
ply  this  want,  the  Rollins  company,  after  securing 
titles  to  the  best  lands,  commenced  building  a 
canal  and  flume  to  take  the  water  from  the  river, 
and  carry  it  along  the  side  of  the  mountain,  where 
the  necessary  fall  can  be  had  to  work  the  placers  by 
hydraulic  methods.  This  canal  is  nearly  three 
miles  in  length,  six  feet  on  the  bottom  and  eight 
feet  on  the  top,  and  four  feet  deep.  It  was  com¬ 
pleted  just  at  the  close  of  the  season,  and  will  be 
ready  early  in  the  spring  of  1881,  with  a  number  of 
the  Little  Giant  hydraulics  for  placer  mining,  put  in 
place  for  work,  and  when  done,  will  be  the  best  and 
most  conveniently  arranged  hydraulic  water  power 
ever  placed  in  position  in  Colorado ;  pressure,  160 
feet. 

Rollinsville  is  thirteen  miles  from  Central  City,  by 
Stage;  fare  $2.00,  and  fifty-two  miles  from  Denver 
via  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway; 
fare  by  rail  to  Central  City  and  stage,  $5.10.  See 
Tour  2.  “ Post  Roads”  No.  11. 

Rosita — Is  the  county  seat  of  Custer  county, 
situated  in  the  Wet  Mountian  Valley,  fifty  miles 
southwest  from  Pueblo,  thirty  miles  south  from 
Canon  City,  and  seven  miles  southeast  from  Sil¬ 
ver  Cliff. 

The  name  Rosita,  is  Spanish,  for  Little  Rose,  and 
is  pronounced  Ro-z-ta.  The  town  was  laid  out  in 
1873,  and  now  contains  a  population  of  about  1,100, 
most  of  whom  are  engaged  in  mining  pursuits, 
while  others  apply  themselves  to  agriculture  and 
stock-raising. 

The  town  is  provided  with  stores  of  all  kinds,  one 
bank,  several  hotels,  chief  of  which  is  the  Grand 
View,  two  stamp  mills,  (30  stamps, )  one  concentra¬ 
tion  works  and  another  one  building,  and  one 
weekly  newspaper,  the  Sierra  Journal. 


138  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


The  mines  and  mineral  “  prospects  ”  in  the  vicinity 
of  Rosita,  are  counted  by  thousands.  The  ores 
are  chlorides,  carbonates,  galena  and  sulphates, 
carrying  copper,  iron  and  lead.  The  principal  mines 
being  worked  are :  Humboldt,  Colona,  Leavenworth, 
Twenty-Six,  Invincible,  Derigo,  Eureka,  Paywell, 
Blue  Bird,  Hector,  Silver  Coin,  and  many  others. 
The  mill  runs  of  these  ores  range  from  $100  to 
$2,200  per  ton ;  probable  average  about  $250. 

The  scenery  about  Bosita  is  very  fine ;  and  game, 
such  as  deer,  elk,  bear,  antelope,  mountain  sheep, 
turkeys  and  grouse  are  abundant. 

Rosita  soon  expects  to  be  connected  with  the  “  out¬ 
side  ”  world  by  rail,  but  at  the  time  we  write,  De¬ 
cember,  188Q.,  stage  coaches  are  the  only  convey¬ 
ances.  See “  Wet  Mountain”  Valley . 

Rosita,  is  southwest  from  Pueblo  by  hack; 
fare  $5.00;  and  south  from  Canon  City  by  stage 
coach:  fare  $4.00.  Prom  Denver  170  miles  via 
Pueblo,  rail  and  hack;  fare  $12.80;  via  Canon 
City,  191  miles;  fare  by  rail  and  stage,  $12.80.  See 
“  Post  Roads  ”  Nos.  45  and  47.  Double  daily  line  of 
coaches  between  Rosita  and  Silver  Cliff,  seven 
miles.  Fare,  $1.00. 

Rose’s  Cabin— Hinsdale  county,  is  a  small 
mining  camp  on  Henson  Creek,  fifteen  miles  west 
from  Lake  City.  The  place  consists  of  a  post  office, 
store,  restaurant,  a  few  miners’  cabins,  and  about 
fifty  population. 

In  the  summer  a  large  amount  of  ores  are  packed 
into  this  place  on  burros,  from  the  mines  to  the 
westward,  and  with  those  mined  near,  are  shipped 
on  wagons  to  Lake  City,  for  reduction.  In  the 
vicinity  are  a  great  many  mines  and  good  “pros¬ 
pects  ”  which,  with  improved  facilities,  will  make 
this  one  of  the  prosperous  camps  of  the  country.  It 
is  reached  by  daily  stages  from  Lake  City  and 
Animas  Forks.  Fare  from  the  former,  $2.25:  from 
the  latter,  $1.00.  “ Post  Roads”  No.  15.  By  trail  it 
is  twelve  miles  to  Ouray. 

Running  Creek  —  Elbert  county,  on  Box 
Creek,  in  a  section  of  country  devoted  to  stock-rais¬ 
ing  and  lumbering.  It  is  thirty-miles  southeast 
from  Denver,  and  fifteen  miles  east  from  Castle 
Rock,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  “Post  Roads ” 
No.  33.  Fare  from  Castle  Rock,  $2.00 ;  from  Denver, 
forty-seven  miles,  by  rail  and  stage,  $4.15.  Tom'  7. 

Russell  Gulch — Is  situated  about  two  miles 
south  from  Central  City,  is  one  of  the  oldest  placer 
mining  camps  in  the  State— one  that  in  1860  had  a 
population  of  over  2,500,  all  scrambling  among  the 
rich  placer  diggings  after  that  “Almighty  Dollar.” 
Now  the  camp  has  a  population  of  about  400,  most 
of  whom  are  working  in  the  lode  mines.  For  mills 
and  mines  being  worked  in  this  district,  see  “Gilpin 
County,”  under  the  heading  of  “Central  City.”  Dis¬ 
tance,  thirty-eight  miles  from  Denver,  via  Colorado 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  to  Central  City; 
fare,  $3.10;  from  which  there  is  no  regular  convey¬ 
ance  ;  distance  two  miles  farther,  south.  Tour  2. 


Russell — Costilla  county.  See  “ Sangre  de 
Christo.” 

'  Rustic — Larimer  county,  is  a  rustic  ranch 
and  post  office,  on  the  North  Park  Toll  Road,  from 
Fort  Collins,  forty-five  miles  distant,  reached  by 
stage,  semi-weekly;  fare,  $5.00.  It  is  situated  on 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Cache  la  Poudre  River,  in  a 
section  where  lumbering  and  raising  cattle  and 
sheep,  is  the  principal  occupation  of  the  settlers, 
and  where  grand  scenery,  fine  trout,  and  game  in 
great  variety,  abound.  Population,  about  fifty,  in 
the  vicinity.  It  is  a  fine  resort  for  invalids  and 
pleasure-seekers. 

Saguache  —  (Pronounced  Ci-wach)  is  the 
county  seat  of  Saguache  county,  situated  in  the 
northern  portion  of  San  Luis  Yalley.  It  is  a  stock- 
raising  and  farming  comraunity.  On  Saguache 
River,  which  comes  down  from  Cochetope  Hills  to 
the  northwest,  are  some  fine  farms,  where  wheat 
and  vegetables  are  raised  very  successfully.  Hay 
is  put  up  in  large  quantities,  of  late,  and  hauled  to 
the  mining  towns,  where  it  sells  from  $75  to  $150  per 
ton.  Sheep  and  cattle-raising,  however,  is  the  prin¬ 
cipal  occupation  of  the  settlers,  about  one-half  of 
whom  are  Spanish-Mexieans,  and  live  in  adobe 
houses,  surrounded  by  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  and 
dogs.  The  town  consists  principally  of  adobe  and 
log  buildings,  yet  there  are  a  few  good  brick  and 
stone  buildings  for  business  purposes,  and  several 
good  wooden  private  residences. 

Recent  reports  locate  rich  mines  in  the  mountains 
near,  to  the  northward,  but  developments  are  not 
such  that  definite  figures  can  be  given.  The  town 
contains  a  bank,  several  good  general  merchan¬ 
dise  stores,  three  hotels ;  chief  of  which  is  Priors’, 
one  weakly  newspaper— the  Chronicle— and  a  scat¬ 
tered  population  of  about  600. 

Distance  from  South  Arkansas,  forty-nine  miles; 
fare,  $7.50.  Alamosa,  sixty-five  miles;  $7.50. 
Del  Norte,  thirty-one  miles;  $3.50.  See  “Post 
Roads  ”  Nos.  76  and  79. 

Salida — Chaffee  county,  a  new  name  for  South 
Arkansas.  Just  below  the  town  are  located  extensive 
beds  of  fire  clay.  It  covers  several  hundred  acres  of 
ground,  and  to  what  depth  is  unknown.  There  are 
perpendicular  faces  exposed  to  view,  from  thirty  to 
fifty  feet  in  height,  and  from  fifty  to  seventy-five 
feet  in  width.  See  “  South  Arkansas.” 

Salina— Boulder  county,  is  situated  in  Gold 
Run  Gulch,  Narrow  Canon,  on  the  road  between 
Boulder  and  Gold  Hill,  two  miles  south  from  Gold 
Hill,  and  nine  miles  from  Boulder;  one  hotel,  the 
Salina  House,  three  mills,  several  stores  and  saloons, 
and  a  high  priced  toll  gate,  comprise  the  business 
portion  of  the  town.  In  the  past  there  has  been  a 
great  deal  of  work  done  along  the  creeks  and 
gulches,  washing  for  gold,  and  at  the  present  there 
are  some  “diggings”  being  worked,  with  profit. 
From  Boulder,  nine  miles;  stages  daily;  fare  $1.00. 
“Post  Roads”  No.  8. 

Salt  Creek — Pueblo  county,  is  a  small  sta- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


tion  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  situated 
in  a  section  devoted  to  lime  burning-  and  stock-rais¬ 
ing.  Here  is  located  the  best  lime  rock  in  the  state. 
Distance,  twenty  miles  south  from  Pueblo;  fare, 

'  $2.05 ;  from  Denver,  140  miles ;  fare,  $9.85.  Tour  7. 

Sanborn — Bent  comity,  is  situated  on  the 
broad  plains,  sixty  miles  east  from  Colorado  Springs, 
and  thirty-four  miles  southwest  from  Hugo,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway.  It 
has  a  scattering  population  of  about  100 ;  all  of  whom 
are  engaged  in  raising  cattle  and  sheep.  It  is  in  the 
great  stock  range  of  Colorado.  Reached  by  hack 
semi-weekly;  fare,  $3.00.  See  “Hugo.”  Tour  4. 

Sangre  de  Christo — Is  a  small  station  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  in  Costilla 
county,  on  the  southern  slope,  leading  down  from 
Yeta  Pass.  The  town  is  called  Russell,  and  is  sur¬ 
rounded  by  high  mountains  covered  with  tall  spruce 
and  pine  trees,  about  the  size,  and  in  fact  looks 
like  a  vast  forest  of  telegraph  poles. 

We  heard  of  some  mines  in  the  vicinity— undevel¬ 
oped— said  to  assay  very  rich  in  silver,  gold,  and 
copper.  Distance  from  Pueblo,  eighty-seven  miles ; 
from  Denver,  207  miles.  Fare  from  Pueblo,  $8.75; 
from  Denver,  $16.55.  Tour  7. 

Sangre  de  Christo — Saguache  county,  is  a 
post  office  on  the  head  waters  of  Cottonwood  Creek, 
in  the  western  edge  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Range 
of  mountains.  It  is  in  the 
Luis  Maria  Baca  Grant, 
where  sheep  and  cattle  range 
at  will,  the  care  of  which  is 
the  principal  occupation  of 
the  few  settlers,  most  of 
whom  are  Spanish-Mexicans. 

From  Alamosa  it  is  thirty- 
seven  miles  northeast;  Sa¬ 
guache,  thirty  miles  south¬ 
east,  and  Villa  Grove,  thirty- 
three  miles  east  of  south. 

“  Post  Roads”  No.  56. 


San  Antonio — Recent¬ 
ly  changed  to  Antonito,  Con¬ 
ejos  county,  is  a  new  town, 
laid  out  and  cared  for  by  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Rail¬ 
way.  It  is  the  junction  of 
the  New  Mexican  and  San 
Juan  Extensions.  See  Tour  7. 
i  The  Railroad  Company  have 
i  a  fine  depot  building  here, 
built  of  volcanic  stone,  ex¬ 
cavated  from  the  cuts  on  the 
San  Juan  Extension.  The 
town  contains  several  stores, 
a  few  poor  hotels,  and  a 
large  amount  of  saloons, 
gambling  houses,  and  about 
350  citizens.  Distance  to  Con¬ 
ejos,  one  and  a  half  miles 
north;  Santa  Fe,  117  miles; 


Pueblo,  159  miles;  Denver,  279  miles ;  Durango,  182 
miles;  Silverton,  240  miles.  Fare,  from  Alamosa, 
$2.90;  Pueblo,  $15.90;  Denver,  $23.70. 

Sail  Carlos — Pueblo  county,  nine  miles  south 
from  South  Pueblo,  is  a  station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  on  San  Carlos  Creek.  Fare, 
ninety  cents;  south  from  Denver  121  miles;  fare  $8.70. 
Tour  7. 

San  Juan — Hinsdale  county,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  and  the  stage  road  from  Alamosa  to  Silver- 
ton,  five  miles  northwest  from  Antelope  Springs. 

It  is  a  station  and  post  office,  8,900  feet  altitude,  sur¬ 
rounded  by  mountains  filled  with  game  of  all  kinds, 
and  the  Rio  Grande  with  trout.  Distance  from  Ala¬ 
mosa,  eighty-five  miles;  fare,  $11.00.  See  “Alamo¬ 
sa  ”  for  eastern  fares  and  distances.  “  Post  Roads  ” 
No.  76. 

Sail  Isabel — Saguache  county,  is  on  San  Is¬ 
abel  Creek,  at  the  western  base  of  the  Sangre  de 
Christo  Mountains,  San  Luis  Park;  population,  400. 
The  principal  occupation  of  the  people  is  stock-  j 
raising  and  mining. 

It  is  distant  from  Alamosa  fifty  miles,  and  forty- 
eight  miles  from  Poncho  Springs.  The  minerals 
are  chiefly  gold.  One  reduction  works  completed, 
and  two  more  projected.  The  mines  in  this  locality 
are  well  situated  to  work  winter  and  summer,  as  the 
climate  here  is  mild,  and  is  unsurpassed  in  Colo- 


TUE  OLD  MAN  OE  THE  MOUNTAINS. 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


140 


rado.  Labor  is  in  demand ;  wages,  $30.00  per  month 
on  ranches,  and  $3.00  per  day  in  mines.  Servant 
girls  are  in  great  demand. 

Fare  from  Poncho  Springs,  stage,  $9.00;  from 
Denver,  via  Poncho  Springs,  and  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  271  miles;  fare,  $21.15;  to  Alamosa, 
$10.00.  “ Post  Roads”  No.  56. 

San  Luis — County  seat  of  Costilla  county,  is 
situated  on  the  Rio  Culebra,  in  the  most  productive 
section  of  San  Luis  Park,  on  a  grant  of  land  form¬ 
erly  owned  by  Charles  Beaubien,  eighteen  miles 
north  from  the  boundary  line  between  Colorado 
and  New  Mexico,  and  sixteen  miles  south  from  Fort 
|  Garland ;  fare,  $1.00. 

The  agricultural  lands  that  are  irrigated  are  very 
productive,  raising  small  grains  and  vegetables  to 
perfection.  Grazing  is,  however,  the  chief  industry ; 
sheep  and  cattle  are  numerous. 

San  Miguel — Ouray  county,  is  situated  on 
the  river  of  that  name,  near  its  source,  on  the  west¬ 
ern  slope  of  the  Uncompahgre  Mountains;  altitude, 
8,800  feet;  population,  200.  The  location  of  the 
town,  in  the  centre  of  San  Miguel  Park,  is  quite 
pretty.  It  contains  several  good  stores,  a  hotel, 
two  stamp  mills,  and  one  concentrating  works. 

The  mines  in  and  about  the  town  are  both  gold 
and  silver  lode,  and  placer  mines.  The  principal 
lode  mines  are:  Smuggler,  Sheridan,  Humboldt, 
Cimmaron,  Union,  and  Cleveland,  that  run  from 
$150  to  $520,  in  gold  and  silver.  The  Boomerang,  a 
little  east  of  the  town,  is  another  of  those  peculiar 
deposits,  resembling  the  “Mineral  Farm”  at  Ouray. 
There  are  a  great  many  gold  mines  in  the  vicinity, 
and  some  extensive  placer  mines,  many  of  the  latter 
are  being  worked  by  hydraulic  process,  very  suc¬ 
cessfully,  by  companies  who  have  expended  large 
sums  in  ditches,  flumes,  and  other  expensive  appli¬ 
ances. 

This  country  is  surely  destined  to  become  the 
most  important  placer  mining  portion  of  the  State, 
if  not  of  the  world.  The  whole  section  for  many 
miles  along  the  rivers  and  streams,  where  pros¬ 
pected,  are  found  rich  in  gold,  but  water  is  the  one 
thing  needful.  Should  the  experiment  now  being 
made  at  Placerville,  this  county,  with  the  dry  pro¬ 
cess,  succeed,  it  will  cause  a  revolution  in  placer 
mining. 

San  Miguel  is  twenty-seven  miles  south  from 
Ouray,  by  trail,  and  fifty  by  daily  stage.;  fare,  $8.00. 
It  is  also  connected  by  trail  with  Ophir,  Rico,  and 
Silverton— by  saddle  in  summer,  and  snow-shoes  in 
winter.  Miners  are  in  demand ;  wages,  $4.00  per  day. 

Santa  Clara — Huerfano  county,  is  situated 
on  the  El  Moro  Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway,  and  Santa  Clara  Creek,  in  the  midst  of  the 
finest  stock-range  in  Colorado,  sixty  miles  from  Pu¬ 
eblo,  and  180  miles  south  from  Denver.  Fare  from 
Pueblo,  $6.00 ;  from  Denver,  $13.80.  Tour  7. 

Santa  Maria  Lake — Hinsdale  county,  is  sit¬ 
uated  near  the  stage  road  from  Alamosa  to  Lake 
City,  four  miles  north  from  Antelope  Springs.  It  is 


about  two  miles  in  length,  but  quite  narrow,  and 
without  visible  outlet.  The  wagon  road  runs  along 
its  eastern,  and  a  high  rocky  mountain  range 
rises  from  its  western  shore.  The  watei's  are  per¬ 
fectly  clear,  smooth,  and  reflects  the  mountains 
and  every  object  with  undeviating  fidelity. 

Sclmyler — Arapahoe  county,  a  small  station 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Division,  Union  Pacific  Rail¬ 
way,  on  Sand  Creek,  twelve  miles  east  from  Den¬ 
ver;  fare,  forty  cents.  Tour  4. — Cattle  and  sheep 
range. 

Scofield — Gunnison  county.  No  regular  con¬ 
veyance.  See  “Gothic.” 

Sedalia — Douglas  county.  See  “Plum” 

Sedgwick — Saguache  county,  thirty-six  miles 
west  of  south  from  Poncho  Springs,  on  Kerber 
Creek.  This  is  a  new  mining  camp,  started  up 
since  July,  1880,  and,  at  the  end  of  the  year,  con¬ 
tained  a  population  of  about  650.  It  is  fifteen  miles 
northwest  from  Villa  Grove,  in  the  mountains.  The 
ores  are  carbonates  and  galena,  rich  in  silver  and 
lead.  Smelting  works  are  in  course  of  erection,  and 
everything  is  on  the  “Boom.”  See  “Bonanza.” 

Carpenters  are  in  demand;  wages  from  $3.00  to 
$5.00,  per  day;  also  servant  girls.  Fare  from  Pon¬ 
cho  Springs,  stage,  $7.50;  from  Denver,  259  miles, 
via  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  and  stage,  total  fare, 
$19.65. 

Sliavano — Chaffee  county,  is  a  small  mining 
camp  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  South  Arkansas 
River,  six  miles  north  from  Marysville,  at  the  south¬ 
ern  base  of  Mt.  Shavano,  which  has  an  altitude, 
14,239  feet.  Hack  from  Marysville,  fare  seventy-five 
cents.  See  “  Marysville”  for  further  fares. 

Sherman — Hinsdale  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  town  sixteen  miles  southwest  from  Lake  City, 
on  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison  River.  It  is  in  a 
perfect  forest  of  timber,  with  high  mountains  on 
each  side,  filled  with  the  precious  minerals— the  Al¬ 
mighty  Dollar,”  in  its  native  home.  It  is  in  a  wild 
and  romantic  nook,  where  game  and  fish  abound. 
The  Sherman  House  provides  for  the  wants  of  the 
public,  and  a  store  full  of  general  merchandise 
tempts  the  100  citizens  to  spend  their  money  at 
home.  Lake  Fork  comes  down  from  Burrow’s  Park, 
on  the  north,  Cottonwood  Creek  from  the  west,  and 
Cataract  Gulch  from  the  south.  This  is  strictly  a 
mining  camp,  both  placer  and  lode  mines.  Work  in 
the  placers  has  only  recently  commenced,  and  j)ros- 
pect  rich.  The  lode  mines  run  gold,  silver,  copper 
and  lead,  and  prospect  inexhaustible.  The  Black 
Wonder,  Salamanca,  Washington,  Irish  World,  Rose, 
Golden  Chance,  etc.,  which  yield  by  mill  runs  from 
$50  to  $2,000  per  ton.  The  ores  in  several  of  the 
above  are  ruby  and  brittle  silver,  with  copper 
pyrites,  carrying  gold.  Most  of  the  ores  shipped  go 
to  Lake  City  for  reduction,  over  a  good  toll  road 
and  easy  grade,  via  Lake  San  Christobal.  Distance, 
sixteen  miles ;  fare  $2.50.  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  77.  See 
“  Lake  City  ”  for  eastern  distances  and  fare. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  141 


Slaghts — Post  office  called  Fairville,  is  situ¬ 
ated  in  Park  county,  and  is  a  station  on  the  South 
Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  fifty-eight 
miles  from  Denver;  fare,  $4.70.  Sawing  out  lum¬ 
ber  and  getting  out  wood  for  shipment  is  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  settlers.  The  mountains  and  hills 
j  on  each  side  are  covered  with  a  young  growth  of 
j  pines,  but  rather  scrubby.  About  a  dozen  buildings 
:  are  in  view,  and  comprise  the  place  Game  can  be 
!  found  in  the  hills,  and  some  trout  in  the  streams, 
j  Two  passenger  trains  daily  Tour  5. 

Silverton — County  seat  of  San  Juan  county, 
situated  in  Baker’s  Park,  on  the  Rio  de  las  Animas, 
is  from  its  geographical  position  and  railroad  pros¬ 
pects,  destined  to  be  the  principal  city  on  the  south - 
i  ern  slope  of  the  San  Juan  country.  Its  location  is 
most  admirable,  on  a  high  level  above  the  river, 
with  broad  streets,  bordering  shade  trees  and  run¬ 
ning  waters  on  each  side ;  surrounded  by  grand  old 
mountains  covered  in  places  with  forests  of  timber, 
and  filled  with  precious  minerals  of  all  kinds:  a  cli¬ 
mate  the  most  healthful,  with  game  in  great  variety, 
for  the  taking:  scores  of  mining  dependencies  on 
all  sides,  and  a  live  railway  crowding  labor  to  the 
utmost  to  reach  these  mountain  bonanzas.  Her 
prospects  for  the  future  are  indeed  a  most  promis- 
j  ing  one. 

Baker’s  Park  extends  from  Mineral  Creek  just 
below  Silverton  to  Eureka,  ten  miles  north,  with 
a  width  at  Silverton  of  nearly  two  miles  which 
gradually  narrows  to  one-fourth  mile  at  Eureka.  It 
is  completely  encircled  with  mountains,  many  of 
the  peaks  rising  near  4000  feet  above,  and  in  places, 
nearly  vertical.  In  the  upper  part  of  the  park,  the 
mountains  take  the  shape  of  immense  walls  of 
variegated  coloring,  with  many  peculiar  castulated 
shapes  and  forms. 

The  town  contains  stores  of  all  kinds,  filled  with 
great  stocks  of  merchandise;  with  shops,  restau¬ 
rants,  saloons,  stables,  etc.,  in  the  usual  numbers, 
for  a  place  of  its  size.  The  Walker  and  Silverton, 
are  the  two  principal  hotels,  while  the  La  Plata 
Miner  records  all  the  news  weekly.  It  has  one 
large  smelting,  one  sampling,  and  one  chloiination 
works,  three  saw-mills,  two  banks,  Masonic  and 
Odd  Fellow’s  Lodges,  good  schools  and  churches, 
and  a  population  of  about  850 ;  altitude  9,200  feet. 

The  ores  of  this  section  are  galena,  silver  and  gray 
copper,  some  gold.  Many  of  the  principal  mines 
working,  are:  on  Hazelton  Mountain,  northeast, 
Aspen,  Victor,  Susquehanna,  Monmouth,  Susque¬ 
hanna  Tunnel,  and  J.  L.  P.  Tunnel,  all  of  which 
properties  are  owned  by  the  San  Juan  &  New  York 
Mining  Company,  w’ho,  also  own  the  smelting 
works,  near  the  city,  and  are  building  similar  works 
at  Durango.  The  ores  from  this  pool  of  mines 
yield  $150  in  silver,  and  from  $40  to  $60  in  lead.  On 
the  same  mountain  are  the  Prospector,  Pelican  and 
Gray  Eagle,  of  the  same  general  character  as  the 
above 

In  Boulder  Gulch,  two  miles  north  from  the  town, 


are  located  the  Queen  of  Boulder,  Parker  City,  and 
Dakota,  that  run  from  $70  to  $150,  per  ton. 

On  Kendall  Mountain,  opposite  the  town,  are 
located  the  Idaho,  Seymour,  Pompeii  and  Titusville, 
on  which  development  work  has  been  done.  The 
ores  run  from  $50  to  $150  per  ton,  which  is  called 
in  this  region,  low  grade. 

On  Sultan  Mountain,  just  south  from  Silverton, 
are  the  Cleveland,  Belcher,  Empire  and  Isle  of 
Beauty,  which  yield  by  mill  run  from  $100  to  $1,000; 
on  the  same  mountain  is  the  North  Star  mine, 
which  has  2,000  feet  of  work  upon  it,  and  during  1880, 
it  produced  an  average  of  $2,000  per  ton  in  silver, 
and  40  per  cent,  in  lead. 

On  Mineral  Creek,  eight  miles  west,  is  the  Torna¬ 
do,  Silver  Crown,  Corn  Exchange  and  G.  W.  The 
ores  are  galena— silver,  and  run  from  30  to  80 
ounces;  some  choice  lots  200  ounces. 

On  King  Solomon  Mountain,  four  and  one-half 
miles  northeast,  are  located.  North  Star,  Potomac, 
Terrible,  Creedmore,  Garfield  and  King  Solomon; 
ores,  galena  and  gray  copper,  and  run  from  40  to  80 
ounces. 

We  could  fill  this  book  by  naming  the  mines  in 
this,  Animas  District,  of  which  there  are  over  3000 
locations ;  suffice  to  say,  they  are  scattered  all  over 
the  mountains,  and  along  all  the  creeks,  rivers  and 
ravines.  The  principal  ores  however,  are  on  Sultan, 
Anvil,  Green,  Hazelton,  Galena  and  King  Solomon 
Mountains,  along  Cement  and  Mineral  Creeks,  and 
in  Boulder,  Arastra,  Champlain  and  Cunningham 
Gulches. 

There  are  also  a  number  of  smelting  works  and 
mills  in  the  vicinity,  outside  of  the  city,  and  more 
building. 

Distance  and  fares  from  Silverton  are : 

To  Howardsville  five  miles :  fare,  75  cents ;  Ani¬ 
mas  Forks,  fourteen  miles;  fare,  $2.00.  “ Post 
Roads.”  Nos.  30  and  67 ;  Lake  City,  thirty-five 
miles,  via  Henson  Creek;  fare,  $5.25;  via  Burrow’s 
Park,  thirty-six  miles;  fare,  $5.50.  “ Post  Roads , 
Nos  30,  67  and  76;  Alamosa,  via  Del  Norte,  140 
miles;  fare,  $20.00.  ‘Post  Roads  No.  67  and  76; 
via  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  from 
Alamosa  to  Denver,  250  miles;  fare  $20.80.  Total 
from  Silverton  to  Denver,  390  miles;  fare,  $40.80; 
Animas  City,  forty-six  miles;  fare  $6.90.  Post  Road 
No.  68;  see  also,  Post  Roads  Nos.  61,  70,  26  and  27. 
Ouray,  via  Red  Mountain  trail,  sixteen  miles;  via 
Mineral  Point  trail,  twenty-six  miles. 

Silverdale — Is  a  small  silver  mining  camp, 
one  mile  south  from  Georgetown,  on  the  road  to 
Green  Lake,  Clear  Creek  county.  Here  is  located 
the  Marshall  tunnel  which  cuts  many  valuable 
lodes,  also  the  Robinson  and  Curtley  tunnels.  The 
principal  ore  producing  mines  are:  the  Colorado 
Central,  Equator,  S.  J.  Tilden,  and  the  Robinson 
and  Curtley  groups.  Distance  from  Denver,  fifty- 
three  miles.  See  “  Georgetown  ”. 

Silver  Plume — Is  one  and  a  half  miles  west 
from  Georgetown,  on  the  middle  Fork  of  Clear 
Creek,  in  Clear  Creek  county,  and  is  strictly  a 


142 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


kirk,  Pelican- 
Dives,  Consoli¬ 
dated  Pay  Rock 
and  Hopeful,  Sil¬ 
ver  Plume,  Snow 
Drift,  Elm  City, 
Cold  Stream, 
Denver,  and  the 
properties  be¬ 
longing  to  the 
Diamond  Tunnel 
MiningCompany, 
and  the  Maine  & 
Phoenix  Consoli¬ 
dated  Mining 
Companies.  Dis¬ 
tance  from  Den¬ 
ver,  fifty- four 
miles  west,  by 
rail  and  coach; 
fare.  $4.80,  of 
which  $4.30  is  by 
rail,  via  Colorado 
Division,  Union 
Pacific  Railway, 
and  fifty  cents  by 
coach.  See  “ Post 
Road”  No.  13. 


Silver  Park 

—Custer  county, 
a  post  office  and 
stage  station,  on 
the  wagon  road 
from  Pueblo  to 
Rosita,  situated 
in  the  mountains 
near  the  head  of 
Hardscrabble 
Creek,  forty  miles 
south  of  west 
from  Pueblo  and 
nine  miles  north¬ 
east  from  Rosita. 
Some  mines  in  vi¬ 
cinity,  not  much 
developed ;  fare 
to  Pueblo  $4.00 ; 
Hack  line  to  Rosi¬ 
ta,  fare,  $1.00.  See 
“Post  Roads ”  No. 
47. 


CLEAR  CREEK  CANON. 

mining  town;  population,  600.  It  has  the  usual 
stores  and  residences  for  a  town  of  its  size,  with  one 
concentrating  works,  and  one  stamp  mill. 

Near  Silver  Plume  are  situated  the  following 
noted  silver  mines,  the  greater  portion  of  the  ores 
from  which,  go  to  Georgetown  for  treatment;  Dun- 


Silver  Cliff- 

The  infant  of  Sep¬ 
tember,  1878,  the 
mushroom  of  1879 
and  the  giant  in  1880,  that  jumped  from  nothing  to 
the  third  rank  in  the  list  of  Colorado  cities,  in  pop¬ 
ulation  and  wealth— is  a  monument  to  the  progress 
of  “Young  America,”  as  applied  to  the  mining 
regions  of  the  west,  particularly  Colorado.  To 
say  the  above  fact  is  exceedingly  marvelous ! 


< 


...  .  - 


'  - - - — — ■ 1  ■  — - 

CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  143 


would  be  only  a  faint  expression;  let  a  few  other 
facts  be  adduced.  The  first  mineral  discovery  at 
Silver  Cliff  was  made  by  J.  B.  Edwards,  June 
29th,  1878.  In  September  the  first  building  was 
erected.  The  census  of  June,  1880,  gave  a  popula¬ 
tion  of  4,674;  and  at  the  close  of  the  year  it  exceeded 
5,000.  Four  stamp  mills,  (200  stamps)  two  concen¬ 
tration,  two  smelting,  and  one  sampling  works,  ten 
hotels,  three  saw- mills  and  plaining  mills,  two 
banks,  two  daily  and  three  weekly  newspapers,  tel¬ 
egraph  and  telephone,  with  water  works,  gas  works, 

!  and  horse  railroads  building;  these,  together  with 
churches  of  all  denominations,  schools,  amusement 
halls,  and  hundreds  of  business  houses  of  all  kinds, 

I  comprise  this  city,  which  is  about  to  be  connected 
!  by  railroad  with  the  “  outside  world.” 

|  Silver  Cliff  occupies  a  central  position,  in  the  beau- 

j  tiful  and  productive  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  on  the 
eastern  side,  facing  the  great  Sangre  de  Christo 
range  of  mountains,  which  extend  north  and  south 
as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach.  Although  built  in  a 
|  remarkable  short  time,  and  with  great  rapidity,  the 
mills,  and  a  great  number  of  the  hotels  and  busi- 
|  ness  blocks,  would  compare  favorably  with  any  city 
in  the  state,  or  in  the  west.  The  Powell,  Baleom 
and  Carbonate,  are  the  principal  hotels.  The  Pros¬ 
pect,  daily  and  weekly,  the  Republican,  daily  and 
weekly,  and  the  Miner,  weekly,  are  published  here. 

The  shrill  whistles  of  steam  mills  treating  ores, 
are  heard  from  far  and  near,  yet  there  is  a  great- 
demand  for  more.  The  story  of  the  discovery 
of  rich  mineral  at  Silver  Cliff,  runs  as  follows; 
Just  to  the  north  of  the  town  is  a  sipping  hill, 
terminating  very  abruptly,  and  known  as  “  the 
cliff,”  a  miner  named  Edwards  chancing  along  in 
the  spring  of  1877,  built  his  camp  fire  for  the  night, 
beneath  the  cliff.  Next  morning  he  noticed  a  pecu¬ 
liar  metalic  lustre  about  the  stone  effected  with  the 
heat,  and  breaking  off  a  piece  had  it  assayed,  and 
the  returns  gave  $27  silver  to  the  ton.  This  did  not 
suit  him  and  he  drifted  to  other  parts,  but  in  June 
of  the  following  year,  he  returned  and  went  to  work 
prospecting,  and  the  first  assay  gave  $1,700  per  ton 
in  silver.  Soon  the  fame  of  the  “  new  strike  ”  attract¬ 
ed  men  from  all  parts  of  the  state,  resulting  in  the 
discovery  of  one  of  the  richest  mining  regions  in 
Colorado,  if  not  in  the  world,  as  there  is  practically 
no  limit  to  the  amount  of  rich  mineral  deposits 
found  in  this  region.  To  exhaust  these  mines  it  will 
require  millions  of  industrious  men  for  many  gene¬ 
rations,  with  all  the  aid  improved  machinery  can 
probably  lend  them.  In  fact  it  cannot  be  done  until 
the  mountains  and  whole  earth  is  worked  over,  as 
every  rock  contains  silver  and  gold,  and  every  foot 
of  earth  valuable  mineral. 

When  such  improvements  are  made  in  machinery 
and  works  for  manipulating  low  grade  ores  that  will 
afford  a  profit  from  those  running  as  low  as  $3.00  to 
the  ton,  we  believe  the  whole  mountain  region  of 
the  State  of  Colorado,  would  be  found  to  possess 
the  requisite  value  of  mineral. 

Silver  Cliff  is  in  Custer  county,  at  an  elevation  of 


7,920  feet,  and  besides  the  mines  located  in  the  im¬ 
mediate  vicinity,  there  are  thousands  surrounding 
her  on  all  sides,  some  of  which  have  mills  and  smelt¬ 
ing  funiaces,  employing  great  numbers  of  men,  be¬ 
sides  many  small  neighboring  hamlets  that  are  trib¬ 
utary,  and  all  receive  their  supplies  of  goods  from 
this  infant  city  of  the  Cliff.  The  minerals  in  this 
region  combine  the  various  qualities  of  ore,  both 
“smelting”  and  “free  milling.”  The  former  are 
found  in  carbonate  deposits,  and  galena  with  grey 
copper,  in  fissure  veins;  the  latter  in  mass  deposits, 
in  the  form  of  chloride  and  horn  silver,  in  the  phor- 
pliyry  formation.  The  principal  ore  producing 
mines  near  the  Cliff,  are:  Bull-Domingo,  ($40  sil¬ 
ver,  and  sixty  per  cent,  lead),  Plata  Yerda,  (gray 
copper),  Vanderbilt,  Lady  Franklin,  Songbird,  Milk¬ 
maid,  Bambler,  St.  Mary’s,  Alta  Yerda,  Island  City, 
Crescent,  and  Terrible.  The  ores  from  these  mines 
run  from  $15  to  $2,500— probably  average  about  $35. 
There  are  hundreds  of  mines  in  this  same  section 
not  sufficiently  developed  to  determine  their  value. 

Distance:  Canon  City,  thirty-one  miles;  fare, 
$3.00;  Denver,  192  miles;  $14,90;  Kosita,  seven 
miles,  double  daily  coach;  $1.00;  Dora,  six  miles; 
seventy-five  cents.  See  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  24,  46, 
58  and  59  •  also  “Wet  Mountain  Valley.” 

Slumgullion — Hinsdale  county,  is  a  villain¬ 
ous  mountain,  the  summit  of  which  is  11,590  feet  al¬ 
titude,  reached  ten  miles  south  from  Lake  City,  on 
the  stage  road  to  Alamosa,  via  Wagon  Wheel  Gap. 
The  road  is  principally  through  heavy  timber,  nine 
miles  of  which — crossing,  the  summit — is  “cordu¬ 
royed”  with  logs,  alternating,  from  six  to  twenty  j 
inches  in  diameter.  It  is  said  the  reason  for  this 
kind  of  road  building  was:  Before  the  road  was 
corduroyed,  the  freighters  complained  of  the  bad 
road  and  high  toll,  and  were  wont  to  “cuss”  the 
owner  of  the  road  at  every  opportunity,  finally  be¬ 
ing  compelled  by  the  complaints,  to  put  the  road  in 
passable  condition,  declared  he  wo  aid  give  the 
freighters  “something  to  cuss  about.”  The  effect  of 
riding  over  the  road  is  much  like  walking  back¬ 
wards  up  staii’s,  and  then  sliding  down  with  the 
feet  slightly  elevated. 

But  we  started  out  to  say,  that  the  northern  slope 
of  the  mountain,  for  five  miles  towards  Lake  City, 
is  composed  of  soil  and  rock  of  a  bright  yellow  color. 
The  scale  on  many  of  the  rocks  will  burn,  when  it 
comes  in  contact  with  a  flame,  much  like  brimstone. 
Alum  and  Iron  Springs  are  numerous  in  the 
vicinity.  The  dirt,  when  wet,  seems  to  have  no 
bottom,  and  will  stick  as  close  to  anything  as  some 
hackmen  to  a  “  tender-foot.  ”  A  large  amount  of 
bog  iron,  used  for  a  flux  at  the  smelters  is  taken 
from  these  various  deposits,  and  is  found  quite 
valuable. 

Smith  Hill — Gilpin  county,  a  small  station 
on  the  Colorado  Division  Union  Pacific  Bailway,  on 
North  Clear  Creek  thirty-two  miles  west  from 
Denver;  fare,  $2.60.  Tour 2. 

South  Arkansas — Chaffee  county,  is  an 


144  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

important  station  on  the  Denver  &  Dio  Grande 
Railway,  217  miles  from  Denver,  and  sixty-one 
miles  south  from  Leadville.  It  is  situated  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the 
South  Arkansas,  its  most  important  branch,  which 
comes  down  from  the  western  mountains.  It  is 
here  that  the  Gunnison  &  Salt  Lake  Extension  of 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  branches  off  to  the  west¬ 
ward,  via  Poncho  and  Marshall  Passes,  for  the 
famous  mining  regions  of  Gunnison  and  San  Juan. 
At  present  this  is  the  shipping  and  supply  point  for 
all  the  region  to  the  westward,  but  will  be  such 
only  for  a  short  time,  as  over  150  miles  of  the  grade 
from  here,  is  now  under  contract,  divided  into 
twelve  mile  sections,  and  at  present  every  section  is 
being  worked  The  company  have  a  fine  large 
stone  depot  and  a  round-house  here.  Stores  of  all 
kinds;  several  hotels,  chief  of  which  is  Grays 
Hotel,  at  the  depot;  schools,  and  many  new  build¬ 
ings  of  all  kinds,  comprise  the  town;  census 
population.  303;  at  the  close  of  the  year  double 
that  number. 

Building  is  still  progressing  throughout  the  city, 
and  the  prospects  of  a  large  town  at  this  junction 
are  favorable. 

Several  mining  camps  tributary  to  South 
Arkansas,  are  improving  rapidly,  and  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  rich  “ prospects ”  are  announced;  Fare,  $11.- 
65.  Tour  6,  “  Post  Roads  ”  79.  See  “  Salida.  ” 

South  Fork — Rio  Grande  county,  is  a  stage 
station,  ranch,  post  office  and  pop  shop,  on  the  Rio 
Grande  Del  Norte,  near  the  junction  of  the  South 
Fork,  which  comes  in  from  the  south.  Game  and 
trout  are  abundant  in  the  mountains  and  streams, 
while  cattle  and  sheep  roam  over  the  hills.  It  is 
sixteen  miles  west  from  Del  Norte,  reached  by 
daily  coaches.  See ’’Post  Roads”  No.  76. 

South  Platte— Jefferson  county,  is  situated 
in  Platte  Cafxon  at  the  junction  of  the  North  and 
South  Forks  of  Platte  River,  on  the  South  Park 
Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  twenty-nine  miles 
from  Denver.  It  is  a  romantic  nook,  abounding 
with  game  within  a  short  distance  from  the  station. 
From  this  point  along  up  the  South  Fork,  some 
Railroad  Company  is  grading  a  road  bed,  but  just 
what  company,  seems  to  be  a  mystery.  There  are 
those  who  claim  the  work  is  being  done  by  the  Chi¬ 
cago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  others,  by  the  Atchi¬ 
son,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe:  then  again,. by  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande.  Quien  Sabe  ?  Fare  $2.05.  Tour  5. 

South  Platte — Weld  county,  is  a  ranch  and 
post  office,  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the  South 
Platte  River,  nearly  opposite  Buffalo,  ontheJules- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  sixty- 
four  miles  west  from  Julesburg,  and  seventy  miles 
east  from  Greeley.  Grazing  lands,  cattle  and  sheep 
occupy  the  country.  “Post  Roads”  No.  3.  Fare 
from  Greeley,  $7.00. 

South  Pueblo — Pueblo  county,  is  on  the 
South  side  of  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  Pueblo 
City,  only  separated  by  the  river  named.  It  is  reg¬ 


ularly  laid  out.  with  a  complete  city  organization ; 
population,  1,443.  It  has  a  number  of  hotels,  chief 
of  which  is  the  Union  Depot,  Grand  Central,  and 
Victoria,  and  one  weekly  newspaper— the  Banner— 
also  street  railroads,  telephones,  churches,  schools, 
fire  department,  and  various  secret  orders.  The 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway  Company,  have  ma¬ 
chine  shops  and  a  very  large  round-house  here, 
near  the  Union  Depot,  where  all  their  trains  arrive 
and  depart.  The  residence  portion  of  the  town  is 
located  south  of  the  depot,  upon  the  high  table  or 
mesa  lands,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  Pueblo  and 
surrounding  country  for  many  miles.  A  reservoir  to  i 
the  south  of  the  city,  supplies  all  necessary  water 
and  runs  through  the  streets,  on  each  side,  which  are  ! 
lined  with  rows  of  planted  trees,  giving  the  city  a 
very  cool  and  beautiful  appearance.  This  part  of 
the  city  cannot  be  seen  from  that  portion  lying  on 
the  river  bottom,  near  the  depot.  See  Map,  page  61. 

Horse  cars  run  between  South  Pueblo  and  Pueblo 
every  ten  mines ;  fare  ten  cents. 

The  Colorado  Coal  &  Iron  Company  have  ex¬ 
tensive  Steel  Works  in  course  of  erection,  about 
one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  the  depot,  on  the  high 
mesa,  which  will,  when  completed,  be  the  largest 
of  the  kind  in  America.  The  mines  from  which  the 
company  will  draw  their  supplies  of  iron  are  located 
at  Placer  station,  ninety-two  miles  south,  and  are 
said  to  produce  almost  pure  metal,  and  of  the  best 
quality. 

One  of  the  greatest  attractions,  at  present,  at 
South  Pueblo,  is  the  Hot  Wells  or  Springs,  lo¬ 
cated  about  one-fourth -of  a  mile  east  of  the  depot. 
They  have  a  peculiar  history. 

The  Pioneer  Coal  Company  of  Colorado,  of  which 
Silas  Clark,  Esq.,  is  Superintendent,  in  August,  1876, 
commenced  drilling  for  oil  at  this  place.  In  the  fol¬ 
lowing  December,  at  a  depth  of  1,166  feet,  they 
struck  water,  and  in  January,  1880,  it  flowed  to  the 
surface.  Boring  was  continued  until  March,  when 
the  water  increased  to  such  an  extent  as  to  stop  the 
work— at  a  total  depth  of  1,400  feet.  When  the  fiof 
first  commenced,  twenty-five  barrels  a  day  were 
discharged,  since  which  time  it  has  increased  to  4,000 
barrels  per  day,  and  still  gradually  increasing.  The 
pressure  noiv,  through  a  pipe  one  and  one-half 
inches  in  diameter,  is  seventy  pounds ;  temperature, 
82°  to  86°.  No  complete  analysis  has  been  made, 
but  those  that  have  been,  give  seventy-three  grains 
of  mineral  matter  to  the  gallon.  The  principal  con- 
stituants  are  iron,  carbonate  of  lime,  white  sulphur, 
magnesia,  potassium,  and  silicates. 

It  was  soon  discovered  that  this  water  pos¬ 
sessed  extaordinary  medicinal  qualities,  and  bath¬ 
houses  have  been  erected,  one  20x36  feet,  four  feet 
deep,  for  a  swimming  bath,  and  six  private  baths, 
hot  and  cold.  The  water  is  strongly  magnetic, 
often  electrifying  those  who  take  the  baths. 

The  people  around  about  Pueblo  use  the  water 
for  drinking  purposes,  as  well  as  bathing,  taking  it 
away  in  jugs.  A  large  amount  is  shipped  east,  in 
barrels,  for  use  in  baths,  losing  very  little  of  its 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  145 


medicinal  qualities.  Accommodations  are  provided 
at  the  Springs,  and  a  dozen  or  more  cottages  are 
building,  which  will  be  furnished  for  those 
who  desire  them,  at  reasonable  charges.  A  large 
hotel  is  also  in  contemplation. 

The  waters  are  specially  recommended  for  rheu¬ 
matism,  kidney  diseases,  and  kindred  complaints. 
See  “Pueblo.”  Distance  from  Denver,  120  miles; 
fare,  $7.80.  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  47  and  48.  Tours 
6,  7  and  8. 

Soda  Springs — Lake  county,  just  west  of 
the  Arkansas  River,  is  situated  on  the  eastern  slope 
of  the  Sawache  mountains,  and  Colorado  Gulch,  five 
and  a  half  miles  west  from  Leadville,  and  connected 
with  that  city  by  a  broad  boulevard.  The  proprie¬ 
tors  of  the  hotel  have  provided  baths  for  the  accom¬ 
modation  of  their  guests,  many  of  whom  drive  out 
from  Leadville,  enjoy  the  waters  and  return  at 
night.  Game  can  be  found  on  the  mountains  to  the 
west  of  the  town,  and  also  good  trout  fishing  in  the 
small  streams.  A  company  has  been  chartered  to 
build  a  horse  railroad  from  Leadville  to  the  Springs, 
which  will  be  done  at  an  early  day.  Now,  a  hack 
runs  regularly  to  the  city,  and  to  all  regular  pas¬ 
senger  trains.  Fare,  $1.00  round  trip.  Half  a  mile 
south  from  the  Springs  are  several  small  lakes,  pro¬ 
vided  with  row  boats ;  several  fine  groves  of  trees 
are  near,  and  the  place  has  become  a  great  resort 
in  summer  for  pic-nic  parties  from  Leadville. 

Spanish  Bar — Or  Fall  River,  is  in  Clear 
Creek  county,  on  South  Clear  Creek,  thirty-eight 
miles  west  from  Denver,  and  two  miles  west  from 
Idaho  Springs,  at  the  junction  of  Fall  River,  which 
comes  down  from  the  north,  with  Clear  Creek.  It 
is  a  small  place,  surrounded  with  mills  and  mines, 
chief  of  which  is  the  Freeland  mill,  half  a  mile 
below  the  town,  which  is  capable  of  treating  sixty 
tons  of  ore  per  day;  and  the  new  concentrating 
works  near  by,  several  hundred  tons.  Population, 
350.  Fare,  from  Denver,  $3.20.  Tour  2. 

-  Spike  Buck — Fremont  county,  is  a  small 
station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  fifteen  miles  west  from  Canon 
City.  Fare,  $1.55;  from  Denver,  176  miles;  fare 
$14.40.  Tour  6. 

Spring  Valley — A  post  office  in  the  valley  of 
that  name,  five  miles  east  of  Greenland,  a  station 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  Distance 
from  Denver  fifty-two  miles.  This  is  a  lovely  valley 
about  six  miles  in  length,  mostly  devoted  to  stock, 
although  some  hay  is  marketed,  and  some  wheat 
and  vegetables  raised.  It  was  first  settled  July  10th, 
1860,  by  Redman,  Lincoln,  Giles,  Sheldon,  Spencer 
and  a  small  boy.  Of  these,  two  were  killed  by 
Indians,  one  “skipped  the  country;”  Sheldon  is 
happy  and  prosperous  at  Colorado  City,  and  the 
“small  boy”  is  recording  events,  and  hunting  a 
“  grub  stake.”  Distance,  fifty-two  miles  south  from 
Denver.  Fare,  rail  and  hack,  $3.55;  rail  $3.05;  hack, 
fifty  cents.  “  Post  Road”  No.  35.  Tour  6. 
Starkville — Las  Animas  county,  on  the  Las 


Animas  River,  is  a  small  station  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  five  miles  south  from 
Trinidad,  near  the  northern  base  of  the  Raton 
Range  of  mountains.  Here  are  located  extensive 
coal  mines,  where  the  Railway  Company  procure 
the  greater  portion  of  its  supply.  Distance  from 
La  Junta  sixty-eight  miles;  Pueblo,  131  miles;  fare, 
$8.50.  Tour  8. 

Steamboat  Springs— Routt  county,  is  situ¬ 
ated  sixty-five  miles  northwest  from  Troublesome, 
on  Snake  River;  surroundings,  Soda,  Sulphur 
Springs  and  stock-raisers.  There  is  a  good  wagon 
road  all  the  way  from  Troublesome,  via  Gores  Pass, 
as  it  is  on  the  old  survey  for  a  railroad  to  Salt  Lake 
from  Denver.  Distance  from  Denver,  179  miles,  and 
twelve  miles  east  of  the  White  River  Indian  Reser¬ 
vation.  Hayden  is  twenty  miles.  See  “Post  Roads” 
No.  12;  no  regular  conveyance  beyond  Hot  Sul¬ 
phur  Springs. 

Sterling — Weld  county,  on  the  line  of  the 
Julesburgh  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  on 
the  South  Platte  River,  and  consists  of  a  ranch  and 
post-office.  The  country  is  wholly  devoted  to  stock- 
raising,  cattle  and  sheep.  Along  the  river  bottom 
the  lands  are  rich,  but  somewhat  alkaline;  good 
crops  could  be  raised  with  irrigation.  It  is  three 
miles'  southwest  from  Sarinda,  on  “Post  Road ” 
No.  3. 

St.  Charles — Pueblo  county,  is  a  ranch  and 
crossroads  post-office,  situated  in  a  section  of  coun¬ 
try  devoted  wholly  to  raising  cattle  and  sheep,  thir¬ 
teen  miles  southwest  from  Pueblo  and  six  miles 
west  from  San  Carlos  Station,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  on  Post  Road  No.  48.  Fare,  $1.50. 

St.  Elmo — Chaffee  county,  is  four  miles  west 
from  Alpine,  on  Chalk  Creek,  and  the  Gunnison 
Extension  of  South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  and  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway, 
“Joint  Track”.  It  is  a  new  mining  town,  with 
stores,  hotels,  etc.,  and  a  population  of  about 
400.  The  Mountaineer,  weekly,  is  published  here. 
The  principal  occupation  of  the  people  is  mining; 
the  ores  are  galena,  carrying  silver,  gold  and  cop¬ 
per.  Those  being  worked  are :  Mary,  Mollie, 
Murphy  and  the  Tilden  Campaign,  and  several 
others.  The  mill-runs,  give  from  $60  to  $350  per 
ton.  Near,  at  Iron  City,  is  located  smelting  works; 
laborers  are  in  demand,  wages  $2.50  per  day  and 
board. 

This  town  gives  promise  of  soon  being  a 
camp  of  some  importance.  The  Railway  station  is 
called  Forest  City.  Fare  from  Denver  by  rail, 
$13.25.  Tour  5. 

St.  John — Summit  county,  is  situated  about 
one  mile  south  from  Montezuma,  upon  the  moun¬ 
tains.  It  has  a  post-office,  store,  saw-mill,  and  one 
smelting  furnace.  Population,  fifty.  It  is  the  head¬ 
quarters  of  the  Boston  Silver  Mining  Company. 
Mails  from  Montezuma  by  saddle.  See  “Montezuma.” 

St.  Mary’s — Huerfano  county,  on  the  Huer¬ 
fano  River,  consists  of  a  ranch,  hotel,  post  office, 


146  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

and  about  150  inhabitants,  in  the  near  surroundings, 
who  are  mostly  engaged  in  raising  cattle  and  sheep. 
Farming  is  only  limited  by  the  water  supply  for 
irrigation.  St.  Mary’s  is  a  point  where  half  a  dozen 
wagon  roads  centre  on  “ Post  Roads”  No.  54.  It  is 
ten  miles  northwest  from  Walsenburgh;  fare,  $1.50. 
See  “  Walsenburgh.” 

Stonewall— Las  Animas  county,  is  situated 
on  the  head  of  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Las  Animas 
River,  in  the  mountains,  thirty- six  miles  west  from 
Trinidad.  Surrounding  population  about  300,  most 
of  whom  are  engaged  in  stock-raising,  with  some 
farming  in  the  vicinity.  Cattle  and  sheep,  goats 
and  babies,  Mexicans  and  Americans,  possess  the 
country,  together  with  black  tail  deer,  elk,  bear,  and 
wild  turkeys  and  trout  in  all  the  streams  in  abun¬ 
dance.  These  with  high  mountains,  higher  winds, 
good  water,  and  poor  hash,  comprise  the  town  and 
its  surroundings.  Situated  on  “  Post  Roads”  No.  29. 
Fare  from  Trinidad,  $4.00. 

Suffolk — El  Paso  county,  is  a  ranch  and  post 
office  on  Black  Squirrel  Creek,  where  cattle,  sheep, 
and  “cow-boys”  abound,  and  nothing  else.  It  is 
twenty-five  miles  east  from  Colorado  Springs,  and 
twenty-five  miles  west  from  Sanborn.  No  estab¬ 
lished  public  conveyance. 

Sugar  Loaf— Boulder  county,  eleven  miles 
west  from  Boulder  City,  and  five  miles  from  Crisman, 
is  a  small  mining  camp  with  post  office,  store,  and 
some  good  mines  and  mineral  prospects,  and  one 
stamp  mill.  From  Boulder  City,  stage  and  saddle ; 
fare,  seventy-five  cents.  See  “ Post  Roads”  Nos.  8 
and  9. 

Sulphur  Springs  —  Gunnison  county,  is 
twelve  miles  north  from  Crookville,  on  the  north 
side,  and  at  the  foot  of  Tomichi  Dome,  which  rises 
3,560  feet  above  the  Springs.  These  Springs  are  said 
to  contain  rare  medicinal  qualities.  Crude  baths 
are  provided,  and  several  log  cabins  for  the  accom¬ 
modation  of  visitors.  Crookville  is  the  nearest 
point  from  which  the  Springs  can  be  reached  by 
established  conveyances. 

Summit — Park  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  line  of  the  South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  situated  on  the  divide,  between  the  wa¬ 
ters  of  the  Platte  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  120  miles 
from  Denver,  and  fifteen  miles  from  Buena  Yista. 
Timber  covers  this  dividing  line  on  either  side,  and 
game  abounds.  Two  passenger  trains  each  way, 
daily.  Fare  from  Denver,  $10.20.  Tour  5. 

Summit  Park — El  Paso  county,  is  a  ranch 
post  office,  in  a  beautiful  little  park,  away  up  in  the 
mountains,  via  Ute  Pass  wagon  road,  seventeen 
miles  northwest  from  Colorado  Springs.  It  is  sur¬ 
rounded  by  magnificent  mountain  scenery,  abund¬ 
ance  of  game,  plenty  of  trout  in  the  streams,  petri¬ 
fied  trees  not  far  distant,  and  a  lovely  place  to  so¬ 
journ  for  a  season.  “ Post  Roads ”  No.  38. 

Summit — Bio  Grande  county,  is  the  most  el¬ 
evated  mining  camp  in  Colorado,  being  11,092  feet 
above  sea  level.  It  is  twenty-seven  miles  southwest 

from  Del  Norte,  reached  by  a  good  wagon  road  in 
summer,  and  by  saddle  and  snow  shoes  in  winter. 

It  lies  mainly  on  the  slope  of  South  Mountain,  a  di¬ 
vide  between  the  waters  of  the  North  and  South 
Forks  of  Alamosa  Creek. 

Here  are  located  some  of  the  richest  mines  in  the 
State.  In  fact,  if  may  be  said  the  whole  mountain 
is  a  mine,  as  the  locations  number  nearly  2,500;  but 
of  that  number,  only  about  a  dozen  have  been  suc¬ 
cessfully  developed. 

No  true  fissure  veins  have  as  yet  been  found; 
the  mineral-bearing  rock  consists  of  “rotten”  or  de¬ 
composed  quartz,  carrying  free  gold — the  metal  be¬ 
ing  free  from  impurities,  and  more  easily  milled 
than  any  other  gold  ore  in  the  State. 

The  principal  mine  is  the  Little  Annie,  which 
runs,  on  an  average,  $80,  but  have  often  been  $2,000 
per  ton.  The  vein  is  seventeen  feet  in  width,  and 
apparently  inexhaustible.  The  Ida,  Golden  Queen, 
Major,  Yellow  Jacket,  Golden  Star,  and  Summit,  are 
also  good  paying  mines.  At  Summit  there  are  five 
mills,  running  ninety-eight  stamps.  Extensive 
placer  mines  have  been  discovered  on  the  slope  of 
South  Mountain,  and  preparations  are  now  being 
made  to  work  them  by  hydraulic  process. 

Game,  such  as  bear,  deer,  elk,  grouse,  quail  and 
grizzlies,  are  numerous.  Fare  from  Del  Norte, 
$3.00 — See  “Post  Roads”  No.  74— to  Pagosa  Springs, 
southwest,  thirty-five  miles,  only  a  trail — “Post 
Roads”  No.  76.  Summit  is  connected  with  Del  Norte 
by  telephone. 

Sun  View — El  Paso  county,  is  a  lone  ranch, 
and  post  office,  at  the  head  of  Little  Turkey  Creek, 
close  to  the  eastern  base  of  the  mountains,  eleven 
miles  south  from  Colorado  Springs.  It  is  on  the 
wagon  road  that  swings  around  the  side  of  the 
mountains  to  Canon  City.  Some  little  farming,  but 
principally  cattle  and  sheep  raising.  Game  is  abun¬ 
dant  in  the  foot-hills  and  mountains,  and  grand 
scenery  surrounding.  “Post  Roads”  No.  4.  Fare 
from  Colorado  Springs,  $1.25. 

Sunshine — Boulder  county,  is  a  small  min¬ 
ing  town,  on  the  “telluride  belt”  seven  miles 
northwest  from  Boulder  City,  on  Four  Mile  Creek 
and  the  road  to  Gold  Hill.  The  ores  are  mostly  sil¬ 
ver.  The  principal  mines  are :  Yellow  Pine,  Grey 
Copper,  Yancover,  Princeton,  Eclipse,  Charlotte, 
Royal  Oak  and  Gold  Nugget,  which  run  from  $25 
to  $200  per  ton.  The  surroundings  are  mountains, 
punctured  with  prospect  holes  and  tunnels  in  every 
direction.  From  Boulder,  by  hack,  daily;  fare  fifty 
cents.  See  “ Post  Roads”  No.  7.  Distance  from 
Denver,  fifty-two  miles  via  rail  and  stage;  fare,  $2.80. 

Surinda — Weld  county,  on  the  Julesburgh 
Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  situated  on 
the  north  side  of  the  South  Platte  River,  just  east 
from  Pawnee  Creek.  The  bottoms  along  the  river, 
with  water  for  irrigation,  are  good  lands  for  farming 
purposes,  but  rather  alkaline ;  further  back  it  is  only 
adapted  and  occupied  for  grazing  purposes.  It  is 
fifty-four  miles  west  from  Julesburgh,  thirty-six 

CROFUTT' S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


miles  south  from  Sidney,  and  eighty-five  miles  east 
from  Greeley,  on  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  3. 

Swan  City  — Summit  county,  is  situated  on 
Swan  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Blue,  in  a  forest  of 
timber  The  town  was  laid  out  May  11th,  1880,  and 
contains  a  store,  post  office,  hotel,  a  dozen  log  cab¬ 
ins.  and  about  100  people  in  the  vicinity.  Placer 
mines  and  quartz  mines  are  both  being  worked; 
some  assays  run  as  high  as  $800  to  the  ton.  Dis¬ 
tance  from  Breckenridge,  northeast,  eight  miles. 
Game  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity,  deer,  bear,  elk, 
grouse  and  turkeys;  also  fine  trout.  Two  miles 
above  Swan  City  is  Georgia  Gulch,  once  a  famous 
placer  mining  camp,  of  which  Parkville  was  the 
centre,  now  almost  abandoned.  From  Breckenridge 
by  hack,  fare  $1.50.  From  Denver  via  rail,  stage  and 
hack,  113  miles;  total  fare,  $11.35. 


Swallows — Pueblo  county — Taylorsville  post 
office  —  is  a  small  station  of  the  Denver  &  Bio 
Grande  Kailway,  on  the  Arkansas  Kiver  bottom,  four¬ 
teen  miles  west  from  Pueblo  *  fare  $1.40.  This  place 
was  named  from  a  peculiar  incident  that  happened 
here,  years  ago.  Two  old  “  stagers  ”  in  the  country 
had  been  rivals  for  the  affections  of  a  beautiful 
Indian  girl,  and  when  one  of  them  succeeded  in 
winning  her  the  other  made  a  vile  statement  con¬ 
cerning  her  character,  which  coming  to  the  ears  of 
her  then  husband,  he  strapped  on  his  “guns”  and 
started  in  search  of  the  offender;  they  met  and  one 
of  them  swallowed  it.  Guess  which  one !  “  Contin¬ 
ued  in  our  next.” 

Table  Rock — El  Paso  county,  on  the  head¬ 
waters  of  Knight’s  Creek,  and  the  northern  slope  of 
the  Arkansas  Divide,  in  the  timber.  The  principal 


ROLLING  DOWN  CLEAR  CREEK  CANON. 


148  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


occupation  of  the  people  in  this  vicinity  is  lumber¬ 
ing,  and  raising  cattle  and  sheep.  It  is  ten  miles 
north  of  east  from  Monument,  a  station  on  the  Den¬ 
ver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  with  which  it  is  con¬ 
nected  by  “ Rost  Road ”  No.  36.  Fare,  $1.00  See 
“Monument.” 

Table  Mountain — Pueblo  county,  ranch  and 
post  office,  in  the  southwestern  portion  of  the 
county,  close  beside  the  mountains.  Some  lands 
cultivated,  but  raising  sheep  and  cattle  is  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  settlers  in  the  vicinity. 

It  is  five  miles  west  from  Greenhorn,  and  thirty 
miles  southwest  from  Pueblo,  on  “ Post  Road”  Nos. 
48  and  49.  Fare,  $3.50. 

Tabor  City — Lake  county,  is  on  Chalk  Creek, 
and  the  Kokomo  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railway,  thirteen  miles  north  from  Lead- 
ville,  and  seven  miles  south  from  Kokomo.  It  was 
named  for  Gov.  Tabor,  of  Leadville  bonanza  no¬ 
toriety,  and  consists  of  a  store,  and  about  one  dozen 
buildings  of  all  kinds. 

It  is  at  the  western  base  of  Buckskin  Mountain, 
which  rises  14,296  feet  above  sea  level.  Game  is 
abundant  in  the  vicinity,  and  if  reports  are  true, 
some  good  lode  mines.  Population,  about  150.  Fare 
from  Leadville,  $1.00;  from  Denver,  185  miles,  $16.00. 

Tampas — Pueblo  county,  a  small  station  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway— New 
Mexican  Extension— sixteen  miles  southwest  from 
La  Junta,  and  seventy-nine  miles  from  Pueblo; 
fare,  $4.55.  Tour  8. 

Taylorsville — Pueblo  county.  See“ Swallows .” 
Taylors — Larimer  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Colorado  Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  113 
miles  north  from  Denver;  fare,  $5.70.  The  sur¬ 
rounding  country,  a  high  rolling  prairie,  is  in  pos¬ 
session  of  the  sheep  and  cattle  men,  principally  the 
former.  Tour  1. 

Teller — Larimer  county,  is  situated  near  the 
head  of  Jack  Creek,  in  the  North  Park,  surrounded 
by  snow  clad  mountain  peaks,  100  miles  southwest 
from  Laramie  City,  Wyoming  Territory,  and  about 
eighty  miles  north  from  Georgetown.  Mining  is 
the  only  occupation  of  the  people  in  the  vicinity, 
about  400  in  number,— smelting  works  building. 

Miners  are  in  demand  at  wages  from  $2.50  to  $3.50 
per  day.  The  ores  are  principally  silver,  with 
some  gold,  assay  from  $20  to  $3,000. 

Game  is  abundant  in  the  park ;  such  as  deer,  elk, 
bear  and  grouse,  but  no  fish  worth  the  name,  unless 
a  “  sucker”  can  be  called  a  fish. 

Stage  in  summer  twice  a  week;  fare  $10;  from 
Georgetown  eighty  miles  via  Lulu ;  $12. 

Tellurium — Hinsdale  county — elevation  10,- 
872  feet;  is  a  small  mining  camp,  of  a  dozen  persons 
situated  in  Burrows  Park,  near  the  headwaters  of 
the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison  River.  The  place 
was  named  for  a  kind  of  mineral  that  certain  parties 
hoped  to  discover  near,  but  up  to  this  time,  have 
failed  in  their  efforts.  Near,  is  an  expensive  mill 
standing  idle  when  we  passed  through  the  town  in 


October  1880.  It  is  twenty-two  miles  west  from 
Lake  City;  fare  $3.25;  from  Animas  Forks,  nine  j 
miles;  fare  $1.50  on  “Post  Road”  No.  77.  ; 

Teluricle — Ouray  county,  is  a  new  mining  I 
camp,  situated  in  the  town  of  Columbia,  upper  San  j 
Miguel,  surrounded  by  high  mountains  covered 
with  timber  and  grass ;  altitude  about  8,300  feet.  It 
contains  a  store,  hotel,  and  a  population  of  100, 
most  of  whom  are  engaged  in  mining.  The  ores  are 
galena,  gray  copper,  iron  and  zinc,  free  gold, 
and  silver.  Some  of  the  principal  mines  are:  Nellie, 
Mendota,  Sheridan,  Cimmaron,  Snow  Drift,  Red 
Cloud,  Ajax,  Andrews,  Champion  and  some  others. 
Two,  twenty  and  forty  stamp  mills  are  building. 
This  is  a  good  winter  camp,  where  work  can  be  done 
at  all  seasons.  Game,  such  as  deer,  bear,  elk  and 
mountain  sheep  are  plentiful. 

It  is  forty-seven  miles  south  from  Ouray,  by  tri¬ 
weekly  stage  in  summer,  and  saddle  and  snow 
shoes  in  winter;  fare  $8.00;  from  Rico,  by  trail 
thirty  miles ;  Silverton  twenty-five  miles ;  saddle  in 
summer, and  snow  shoes  in  winter.  For  Eastern 
distances  and  fares,  see  “Ouray.”  Laborers  are  in 
demand;  wages  from  $3. to  $4.  per  day. 

Ten  Mile — Or  Robinson’s  Camp,  is  situated 
on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  in  Ten  Mile  Mining  District, 
one  mile  south  from  Kokomo ;  and  nineteen  miles 
north  from  Leadville ;  population,  850.  The  camp 
is  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Sheep  Mountain  with  the 
valley  of  Ten  Mile  to  the  south  and  east,  which  is 
half  a  mile  in  width  covered  with  a  heavy  growth  of 
wild  grasses.  The  town  has  several  hotels,  chief 
of  which  is  the  Robinson  and  Bonanza;  a  great 
many  stores  of  all  kinds,  and  one  of  the  largest 
smelting  and  milling  works  in  the  mountains. 
These  works  were  completed  in  October,  1880. 
The  main  building  is  120  by  fifty-six  feet.  There 
are  four  saw-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

The  principal  mines  are  owned  and  operated  by 
the  Robinson  Consolidated  Mining  Company,  and 
carry  carbonates,  galena  and  sulphurites ;  average, 
$180  and  selected  ore,  $800  per  ton.  Ten  Mile  is  on 
the  Kokomo  Extension  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway;  fare  from  Leadville,  $1.50;  from  Denver, 
191  miles;  fare  $16.50;  from  Georgetown  forty-one 
miles,  via  “High  Line ”  stage ;  fare  $6.00;  from 
Denver,  via  Georgetown  stage  and  Colorado  Divis¬ 
ion  Union  Pacific  Railway,  ninety-three  miles;  fare 
$10.30.  See  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  13  and  14. 

'Texas  Creek — Fremont  county,  is  a  small 
station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  situ¬ 
ated  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
Texas  Creek,  a  small  stream  which  reaches  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  from  the  south.  Distance  from  Canon  City, 
twenty-five  miles;  fare,  $2.50.  Connected  by  stages 
with  Silver  Cliff,  twenty-two  miles  south ;  fare,  $3.00 ; 
From  Denver,  186  miles;  fare,  $14.40.  See  “ Post 
Roads”  No.  59.  Tour  6. 

Texas  Creek — Fremont  county,  a  small  post  I 

office  town,  situated  on  Texas  Creek,  a  small  stream  i 

I 

which  runs  north  and  empties  into  the  Arkansas  j 


CBOFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  149 


River  opposite  Texas  Creek  Station,  on  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway.  The  surroundings  are 
mountains  and  small  valleys,  with  ranchmen  and 
[  stock-raisers  sandwiched  in  wherever  the  grass 
grows.  There  are  some  good  mineral  “prospects” 
near,  but  no  developments.  Fishing  and  hunting  are 
very  good,  which,  together  with  good  accommoda- 
!  tions  and  the  beautiful  climate,  make  this  place 
I  quite  attractive  in  summer.  It  is  six  miles  south 
of  Texas  Creek  Station,  on  the  stage  road  to  Silver 
Cliff;  from  Texas  Creek  Station,  fare  $1.00;  from 
Silver  Cliff,  sixteen  miles;  $3.50;  from  Denver, 
192  miles;  $15.40.  See  “Post  Roads”  No.  59.  Tour  6. 

Thatcher — Las  Animas  county,  on  tlie  Atchi¬ 
son,  Topeka  &  Santa Fe  Railway — New  Mexican  Ex¬ 
tension — is  a  small  station,  in  a  stock-raising  sec¬ 
tion  of  country,  forty-four  miles  south  from  La 
Junta,  and  107  miles  from  Pueblo ;  fare,  $6.15. 

Timber  Hill — Hinsdale  county,  on  the  Rio 
Grande  Del  Norte,  and  the  wagon  road  from  Alamosa 
to  Silverton.  Ranch  and  post  office  comprise  the 
place,  with  mountains,  bluffs,  and  timber  on  all 
sides.  It  is  twenty-eight  miles  east  from  Silverton, 
and  112  miles  west  from  Alamosa,  in  a  section  where 
game,  trout  and  rugged  scenery  abound.  Fare  from 
Alamosa,  $16.75.  “Post  Roads”  No.  76. 

Till  Cup  — Or  Virginia  City,  Gunnison  county, 
is  a  prosperous  mining  town,  situated  on  the  wes¬ 
tern  slope  of  the  Sawache  mountains,  forty-one 
miles  west  from  Buena  Yista,  and  eight  miles  north 
from  Alpine  Pass.  The  town  has  a  population  of 
about  600,  all  of  whom  are  engaged  in  mining, 
directly  or  indirectly.  The  town  contains  about  a 
dozen  stores  and  shops  of  all  kinds,  one  smelter, 
-several  hotels,  chief  of  which  are  the  Pacific  and 
Eagle.  Game  as  is  game  is  abundant  in  the  moun- 
j  tains  near.  It  is  the  home  of  the  grizzlies  and  moun¬ 
tain  lions.  The  streams  are  full  of  trout. 

The  principal  mines  producing  ore,  are :  Gold  Cup, 
Anna  Dedrika,  Jimmy  Mack,  Emma  Burr,  Tin  Cup, 
Mayflower,  King  and  Queen,  Cumberland,  and  the 
Forest  and  Hallock  groupe.  The  ores  are  sulphu- 
retts,  iron  carbonates,  black  sulphuretts  and  galena. 
Some  of  these  mines  are  of  astonishing  richness, 
running  from  $100  to  $25,000  per  ton.  The  Anna  Ded¬ 
rika  is  located  above  “timber  line”  and  the  main 
shaft  is  directly  on  the  “hog-back”  divide;  its  aver¬ 
age  run  is  400  ounces  in  silver,  with  one  ounce  in 
gold.  Some  choice  selections  of  ores  have  run  $25, - 
000  to  the  ton. 

Tin  Cup  is  surrounded  by  small  mining  camps, 
ranging  in  population  from  twenty-five  to  200.  The 
principal  one  is  Garfield,  about  ten  miles  distant, 
where  are  located  some  lodes  that  run  high  in  silver. 
From  Tin  Cup,  Hillerton  is  two  miles;  Pitkin  four¬ 
teen  miles,  Buena  Vista  forty-one  miles,  Denver  177 
miles.  Laborers  of  all  kinds  are  in  demand  in  the 
summer  months,  at  good  wages.  Fare  from  Buena 
Yista,  rail  and  stage,  via  Alpine  pass,  $5.00.  Liable 
to  change  as  the  railroad  is  extended.  Tour  5. 
“Post  Roads”  No.  64. 


Tomichi — Pronounced  Too-meech,  Gunni¬ 
son  county,  is  a  small  mining  camp,  formerly  called 
Argenta.  It  is  situated  on  Tomichi  Creek,  sur¬ 
rounded  by  mountains. 

Trinidad — The  county  seat  of  Las  Animas 
county,  is  five  miles  south  of  El  Moro,  and  is  an  old 
settled  place;  the  greater  portion  of  the  people 
are  of  Spanish  or  Mexican  descent ;  stock-raising  is 
the  principal  source  of  income.  It  is  situated  on 
the  Animas  or  Purgatoire  River,  and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway,  636  miles  southwest 
from  Atchison,  and  five  miles  south  of  the  line  of 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grand  Railway,  at  El  Moro.  The 
town  is  the  largest  in  southern  Colorado.  Popula¬ 
tion  2,226 ;  altitude  6,005  feet  above  sea  level.  Trini¬ 
dad  is  well  provided  with  fine  brick  and  stone  busi¬ 
ness  blocks,  where  merchandising  is  carried  on  in 
all  its  branches.  Churches  and  schools  are  flourish¬ 
ing  ;  secret  orders  are  well  represented.  Two  banks, 
three  newspapers— the  Republican,  daily  and  week¬ 
ly,  and  the  News,  weekly.  Of  hotels,  there  is  little 
choice,  Beal’s,  and  the  United  States  are  the 
largest. 

Coal  is  abundant  near  the  town,  and  of  the  same 
quality  as  that  at  El  Moro— same  vein  in  fact,  as 
the  xuincipal  El  Moro  mine  is  only  about  two  miles 
southeast  from  Trinidad.  Timber  of  good  quality 
is  found  about  two  miles  southwest  of  the  town 
where  are  located  three  large  saw  mills.  Iron  mines 
are  also  near,  but  not  developed. 

In  the  little  valleys  and  along  the  Animas  River, 
wheat,  oats,  barley,  and  other  small  grains,  and 
vegetables  are  raised  in  abundance,  making  Trini¬ 
dad  quite  an  agricultural  centre.  For  scenery,  Trin¬ 
idad  can  point  to  Mount  Fisher,  close  in  the  rear, 
which  is  9,460  feet  elevation;  and  also  the  Great 
Raton  Range,  to  the  south  and  west,  where  game  is 
abundant.  See“Post  Roads ”  Nos.  29,  52  and  53. 

Distance  from  Pueblo,  via  El  Moro  and  Chuchara, 
eighty-six  miles  by  rail,  and  five  miles  by  hack,  rail 
fare,  $8.60;  hack,  fifty  cents;  total,  ninety-one 
miles;  fare,  $9.10;  via  La  Junta,  all  rail,  143  miles; 
fare,  $8.20,  to  Atchison,  fare  $28.25;  to  Denver,  211 
miles,  rail  and  hack;  total  fare,  $16.90. 

Troublesome  —  Grand  county,  is  situated 
twelve  miles  due  west  from  Hot  Sulphur  Springs, 
Middle  Park,  on  Troublesome  Creek,  just  above  its 
junction  with  Grand  River,  and  about  one  mile 
from  the  great  valley  of  the  Grand.  The  surround¬ 
ing  country  is  occupied  with  ranchmen  who  raise 
potatoes  and  vegetables.  Oats  are  raised,  but  cut 
green  for  feed.  The  valley  of  the  Grand  is  about 
fifteen  miles  long,  by  five  miles  wide,  occupied 
chiefly  by  stock-raisers. 

The  town  of  Troublesome  is  composed  of  a  sol¬ 
diers’  camp,  store,  and  a  few  settlers’  cabins.  Dis¬ 
tance  fi’om  Denver,  114  miles;  from  Hot  Sulphur 
Springs  there  is  no  regular  conveyance.  See  “  Post 
Roads  ”  No.  12,  also,  “Hot  Sulphur  Springs.” 

Turkey  Creek — El  Paso  county,  is  situated 
twenty  miles  south  from  Colorado  Springs,  by  wag- 


150  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


LOWER  TWIN  LAKE. 


on  road  along  the  base  of  the  mountains,  and  twenty- 
five  miles  northeast  from  Canon  City.  A  post  office, 
a  lone  cabin,  one  man,  one  woman  and  two  babies, 
comprise  the  city ;  whose  chief  occupation  consists 
in  “  punching  cows.”  Game,  such  as  deer,  antelope, 
bear  and  elk,  are  often  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  at 
one  time  abundance  of  wild  turkeys,  but  now  they 
are  scarce.  Fare  from  Colorado  Springs,  $3.00;  from 
Denver,  ninety-five  miles,  $7.90.  “ Post  Roads”  No.  43. 

Twin  Lake  Station — Lake  county.  See 
“Hayden” 

Twin  Lakes — In  Lake  county,  is  the  most 
charming  summer  resort  in  Colorado.  They  are  sit¬ 
uated  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Sawache  Range  of 
mountains,  at  an  altitude  of  9,333  feet,  on  Twin  Lake 
Creek,  an  important  tributary  of  the  Arkansas 
River.  Hunter’s  Pass  is  directly  west,  and  Lake 
Creek  Pass,  to  the  southwest.  The  latter  affords  a 
short  route  to  the  Gunnison  country.  The  lower 
lake  covers  1,525  and  the  upper  475  acres,  the  length 
being  about  double  the  width.  The  upper  lake  is 
about  five  feet  the  highest,  connected  by  a  small 
stream,  which  ripples  over  a  pebbly  bottom,  clear, 
pure  and  cold,  half  a  mile  in  length  through  grassy 
meadow  lands  studded  with  scattering  shade  trees, 
affording  delightful  grounds  for  campers  or  pic-nic 
parties.  The  surroundings  are  most  grand  and 
beautiful.  Just  to  the  head  of  the  lakes  on  the  north 
stands  Mount  Elbert,  uncovered  except  by  a  mantle 
of  snow,  in  respect  for  the  beauties  on  every  side,  at 


an  altitude  of  14,360  feet,  or 
5,027  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  lakes.  To  the  south, 
opposite,  are  the  Twin 
Peaks  and  Grizzly;  some 
less  in  altitude  but  none 
the  less  beautiful  in  their 
varied  coloring  of  green, 
grey  and  gold.  The  lakes 
lay  in  a  general  direction 
from  east  to  west;  on  the 
south  side  the  mountains 
rise  from  the  waters’ edge, 
covered  with  pine,  spruce, 
aspen  trees  and  shrubs, 
extending  to  the  timber 
line,  where  game  of  all 
kinds  are  abundant,  in¬ 
cluding  the  grizzly  bear, 
mountain  grouse  and 
quail.  On  the  north  side, 
along  the  shore,  is  a  good 
carriage  road,  and  a  grassy 
bottom,  back  of  which  the 
country  is  a  rolling  prai¬ 
rie,  with  bluffs  near  the 
base  of  the  mountains 
covered  with  a  scrubby 
growth  of  pine  and  cedar 
trees.  The  accommoda¬ 
tions  for  tourists  consists 
in  five  hotels,  and  a  number  of  small  cottages.  The 
principal  houses  are :  “  Twin  Lakes  House,”  on  the 
north,  and  “Lakeside  House'’  on  the  south  sides. 
The  former  is  kept  by  Geo.  R.  Fisher,  Esq.,  who 
never  falters  in  his  efforts  to  make  the  stay  of  his 
guests  a  pleasant  and  happy  one.  Trout  and  game 
of  different  kinds  are  his  specialties,  and  right 
royally  are  they  served.  The  lakes  abound  in  trout. 
Boats  and  tackle  are  provided  at  the  hotels,  and 
those  that  could  not  be  happy  at  Twin  Lakes,  we 
fear  will  find  the  great  hereafter  an  uncomfortable 
abiding  place. 

Besides  the  hotels  and  cottages,  the  place  has  a 
post  office,  store,  restaurants  and  saloons,  and  to  the 
westward  some  good  “prospects”  for  minerals— gold 
and  silver.  Resident  population  about  250,  many  of 
whom  are  engaged  in  the  mines.  The  principal 
developed  mines  are:  Amazon,  Victory,  French 
Duke,  and  a  group  of  mines  owned  by  Sidney 
Smith,  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  The  assays  from 
the  above  are  said  to  run  from  $100  to  $1,800  per  ton. 
Distance  from  Leadville,  south,  sixteen  miles  by 
good  toll  road,  or  by  rail  to  Hayden  Station,  and  by 
hack  four  miles  west;  fare,  $1.50.  See  “ Fares  to 
Hayden.”  Tom'  7. 

Tyner — Larimer  county,  is  situated  in  the 
North  Park,  on  Jack  Creek,  where  silver  mines 
abound ;  the  country  around  about  is  very  moun¬ 
tainous  and  is  filled  with  game,  as  is  game.  The 
ores  are  ruby,  sulphuretts  and  silver  glance.  Gas 
Light,  Eldorado  and  Dolly  Varden,  are  the  principal 


CROFUTT*  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


WAGON  WHEEL  GAP,  RIO  GRANDE  DEL  NORTE.  (See  page  152.) 


mines,  some  of  which  assay  rich.  Population  in 
vicinity,  seventy-five.  Distance  from  railroad,  100 
miles  from  Laramie  City,  W.  T.  Stage  in  summer 
twice  a  week;  fare,  $12.00.  From  Georgetown,  rail 
and  stage,  eighty  miles,  fare,  $12.00. 


Ula — Custer  county,  is  in  Wet  Mountain  Val¬ 
ley,  on  the  west  side  of  Grape  Creek,  three  miles 
northwest  from  Silver  Cliff.  Population  about  200. 
It  has  a  post  office,  store,  hotel  and  thriving  ranch¬ 
men  on  all  sides,  with  the  Sangre  de  Christo  range  of 


152  CROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


mountains  to  the  westward,  only  a  few  miles.  Alti¬ 
tude, 7, 720  feet.  The  Ula  Home  is  the  only  hotel.  It  is 
said  there  are  some  good  mineral  prospects  near  the 
town,  but  little  has  been  done  in  developing  them. 
No  regular  conveyance.  See  “Silver  Cliff” 

Undercliffe — Pueblo  county,  is  a  ranch  post 
Office  on  the  Huerfano  River,  thirteen  miles  due 
east  from  Greenhorn,  a  station  on  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway.  The  farming  land  in  the 
vicinity  is  only  limited  by  the  water  supply  for  irri¬ 
gating,  which  is  small.  Stock  raising  is  the  chief 
industry.  “ Post  Road ”  No.  50. 

Valmont — Boulder  county,  is  situated  on 
Boulder  River,  and  the  Boulder  Yalley  Branch  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  forty-five  miles  north¬ 
west  from  Denver  and  three  miles  east  from  Boulder 
City.  Stock-raising  and  farming  is  the  principal 
occupation  of  the  people.  Pare  from  Denver,  $2.25  ; 
from  Boulder,  twenty  cents.  Daily  Trains.  See 
“Boulder.” 

Yallie — Fremont  county,  is  a  small  station 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  and  the  Ar¬ 
kansas  River,  thirty-eight  miles  west  from  Canon 
City ;  fare,  $3.85 ;  from  Denver,  199  miles ;  fare,  $15.75. 
Settlers  are  mostly  stock-raisers.  Tour  6. 

Villa  Grove — Saguache  county,  is  a  small 
town  in  Homan’s  Park,  a  few  miles  west  from  the 
western  base  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains, 
and  twenty-one  miles  northeast  from  Saguache. 
The  principal  occupation  of  the  settlers  is  stock- 
raising. 

Pare  from  Poncho  Springs,  $3.50 ;  from  Alamosa, 
eighty-six  miles,  $10.50;  from  Denver,  via  Pon¬ 
cho  Springs,  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  and 
stage,  245  miles,  $15.65.  See  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  76 
and  79. 

Yeta  Pass — On  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Moun¬ 
tains,  is  a  station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway,  209  miles  south  from  Denver,  at  an  alti¬ 
tude  of  9,339  feet  above  sea  level,  and  until  the 
South  Park  road  reached  the  Summit  of  Kenosha 
Hill,  was  the  highest  point  in  North  America  at¬ 
tained  by  any  railroad. 

The  place  consists  of  a  stone  station  building, 
telegraph  office,  etc.,  and  two  other  buildings,  sur¬ 
rounded  by  a  forest  of  tall  timber.  Game,  such  as 
deer,  elk,  mountain  sheep,  bear  and  grouse,  range 
near  the  station,  affording  the  hunter  rare  sport,  as 
well  as  profit.  Pare  from  Pueblo,  $8.55;  from  Den¬ 
ver,  $16.35.  Tour  7. 

Virginia  City  — Gunnison  county.  See  “  Tin 
Cup.” 

Virginia  Dale — Larimer  county,  in  the  ex¬ 
treme  northern  part,  was  once  a  noted  stage  station 
on  the  Overland  Stage  road,  across  the  continent. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  a  deep  gorge,  on  Dale  Creek, 
near  the  Cache  a  la  Poudre  River.  On  the  east  side 
of  the  canon,  the  wall  of  the  overhanging  rock  rises 
about  600  feet  high,  for  a  mile  along  the  stream,  giv¬ 


ing  a  wild  and  picturesque  beauty,  a  sublimity  and 
grandeur  to  the  scene,  rarely  surpassed.  This  point 
is  called  the  “Lover’s  Leap,”  though  we  never 
learned  that  any  one  ever  leaped  off;  but  if  the  leap 
was  made,  we  judge  that  the  jar  on  alighting  in  the 
valley,  600  feet  below,  must  have  knocked  all  the 
love,  romance  or  sentiment,  out  of  those  making  it. 
In  and  around  this  place  are  numerous  dells,  grot¬ 
toes,  gorges,  canons,  precipices,  towering  peaks  and 
rugged  recesses,  enough  to  employ  the  tourist  for 
some  time  in  examining  their  beauties. 

Some  “yellow-covered  novelist”  has  immortalized 
Virginia  Dale,  by  calling  it  the  “Robbers’  Roost,” 
though  failing  to  inform  us  what  they  roosted  on. 
But  aside  from  this  questionable  honor,  Virginia 
Dale  is  the  the  most  widely  known  and  celebrated 
of  any  locality  in  these  mountains.  There  are  a 
few  good  buildings  around  the  place,  where  excur¬ 
sionists,  who  visit  to  enjoy  the  scenery,  mountain 
air,  and  rare  fishing  and  hunting,  are  provided  for. 
It  is  nine  miles  east  of  south  from  Sherman,  a  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railway.  “Post  Roads” 
No.  2. 

Walia  toy  a — Huerfano  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  sixty- 
three  miles  south  from  Pueblo,  and  183  miles  from 
Denver.  It  is  situated  on  the  Cuchara  River,  along 
which  is  a  strip  of  good  agricultural  land,  occupied 
by  Spanish-Mexicans,  who  raise  some  grain  and 
vegetables,  and  more  sheep  and  goats.  Pare  from 
Pueblo,  $6.30;  from  Denver,  $14.10.  Tour  7. 

Walsems — Or  Walsenburg,  is  the  county 
seat  of  Huerfano  county,  situated  on  the  Cuchara 
River,  and  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  fifty- 
six  miles  south  from  Pueblo,  and  176  from  Denver. 
The  settlement  of  a  few  hundred  people  who  are 
mostlyGermans,  are  engaged  in  farming  along  the 
river  bottoms,  some  mining  and  stock-raising.  The 
valley  above  and  below  the  town  is  settled  by  Span¬ 
ish-Mexicans,  who  are  engaged  in  raising  sheep  and 
goats. 

Walsenburg  is  near  the  northern  base  of  the 
Spanish  Peaks,  and  is  the  best  point  to  stop  while 
exploring  those  lofty  wonders  of  the  mountain  sys¬ 
tem.  Pare  from  Pueblo,  $5.60;  from  Denver,  $13.40. 
Tour  7.  See  “  Post  Roads  ”  No.  54. 

Wagon  Wheel  Gap — Bio  Grande  county, 

is  one  of  the  most  charming  summer  resorts  in  Col¬ 
orado,  and  taking  it  in  allots  varied  attractions,  it 
has  no  peer  in  any  land.  Here  are  located  Hot  Sul¬ 
phur  Springs  of  remarkable  medicinal  properties. 
The  mountain  scenery  is  grand  and  beautiful  in  the 
extreme.  Game,  such  as  deer,  bear,  elk,  grouse, 
quail,  etc.,  are  abundant  in  the  hills,  and  speckled 
trout  in  the  streams,  which,  together  with  the  most 
healthful  climate,  add  greatly  to  the  pleasure  of  a 
season’s  sojourn  and  rambles  at  Wagon  Wheel  Gap. 
The  location  is  on  the  Rio  Grande  Del  Norte,  twenty- 
nine  miles  west  from  Del  Norte,  and  sixty-nine 
miles  from  the  railway  at  Alamosa,  at  a  point  where 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


a  high  mountain  range  extends  north  and  south  for 
a  hundred  miles  or  more,  which  has  been  cut 
through  by  the  action  of  the  waters  in  centuries 
passed,  leaving  a  gateway,  with  vertical  cliffs,  in 
places  overhanging  from  500  to  1,500  feet  in  height. 
These  great  walls  are  of  reddish  grey  sand  stone,  sev¬ 
eral  miles  in  length,  with  only  sufficient  room  along 
their  base  for  the  river  and  wagon  road.  Just  above 
this  “gap,”  comes  in  Hot  Spring  Creek,  where  are 
located  the  Springs,  a  fine,  large  hotel  and  bath 
accommodation  for  guests.  See  illustration,  page 
154. 

The  analysis  of  the  waters  are  as  follows.  Tem¬ 
perature,  148  °  Farenheit : 


Carbonate  of  Lime .  18.09 

“  of  Magnesia .  2.98 

Sulphate  of  Soda .  6.13 

Chloride  of  Sodium .  6.85 

Silica . 62 

Organic  Matter— Hydro  Sul .  7.00 


Total  solids . $42.65 


Hydro  sulphate  gas,  7  grains  in  19.2  cub.  in. 

Altitude,  8,459  feet. 

Hotel  rates  run  from  $2.00  to  $3.00  per  day,  and 
from  $10.00  to  $12.00  per  week. 

Located  on  the  stage  road  from  Alamosa  to  the 
western  San  Juan  cities;  from  Alamosa,  fare,  $7.00; 
from  Denver,  250  miles,  by  rail  to  Alamosa;  fare 
$20.80;  total,  $27.80.  “Post  Roads”  Nos.  76  and  79. 

Ward  District — Boulder  county,  is  a  small 
mining  camp,  forty  miles  northwest  from  Boulder 
City,  on  “Post  Road ”  No.  8.  It  is  situated  between 
Left  Hand  and  James  Creeks,  seven  miles  west  from 
Gold  Hill;  population,  100,  engaged  in  mining.  The 
principal  developed  mines  are:  Stoughton,  Utica, 
Columbia  and  Celestial.  The  ores  are  principally 
gold.  Reduction  works  and  stamp  mills  are  estab¬ 
lished  here.  Fare  from  Boulder,  $6.00.  “Post 
Roads”  No.  8. 

Watkins — Arapahoe  county.  See  “Box  Elder.” 

Webster — Park  county,  a  station  on  the 
South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  sev¬ 
enty  miles  from'Denver ;  fare,  $7.00.  When  this  sta¬ 
tion  was  the  “end  of  the  track,”  and  thousands  were 
en  route  for  Leadville,  it  was  a  very  busy  place.  At 
the  hotel,  one  dollar  for  a  blanket  and  lay  on  the 
floor,  was  the  best  accommodations  afforded.  One 
would  suppose  this  exorbitant  price  for  a  blanket 
would  satisfy  the  most  rapacious  landlord;  yet, 
when  the  the  demand  for  blankets  exceeded  the 
supply,  the  greedy  host  would  watch  for  a  sleeper, 
and  finding  one,  snatch  away  the  blanket  once  sold 
for  a  dollar  for  the  night,  and  sell  it  for  another  dol¬ 
lar,  and  so  on  adlibitum.  The  proprietor  of  the 
hovel  called  it  a  “poor  night”  when  the  same 
blanket  could  only  be  sold  three  or  four  times.  The 
few  people  who  still  remain  at  Webster,  sigh  for 
the  “good  old  times,”  and  say,  “we  will  soon  have  a 
bigger  boom  than  ever,”  and  point  you  to  the  min- 
ei’al  prospects  in  the  vicinity  with  great  confidence, 
both  in  Hill’s  Yalley,  and  the  Geneva  districts,  to  the 
north  and  westward.  The  scenery  about  Webster 


153 


is  very  interesting,  and  from  a  few  miles  west,  at 
a  point  on  the  south  side  of  the  river — the  one  from 
which  our  artist  made  the  illustration,  on  page  fifty 
— is  magnificent.  Two  passenger  trains  daily,  from 
the  east  and  the  west.  Tour  5. 

Weldon  Yalley — Weld  county,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  South  Platte  River,  opposite  Fremont’s 
Orchard,  is  a  ranch  and  post  office,  for  the  accom¬ 
modation  of  a  few  hundred  people,  who  are  engaged 
in  farming  and  stock-raising.  Grain  and  vegeta¬ 
bles,  of  all  kinds,  make  good  crops  when  irrigated, 
but  the  land  adapted  to  agriculture  is  quite  limited. 
The  place  is  on  the  line  of  the  Julesburgh  Branch  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  thirty-five  miles  east 
from  Greeley,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  “Post 
Roads”  No.  3.  Fare,  $4.50. 

Weissport — El  Paso  county.  See  “Divide.” 

West  Las  Animas — County  seat  of  Bent 
county,  is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Arkan¬ 
sas  River,  and  the  line  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  Fe  Railway,  in  the  midst  of  the  largest  and 
finest  body  of  agricultural  land  in  Southern  Colorado, 
about  fifteen  miles  in  width,  and  extending  for  forty 
miles  up  and  down  the  river.  The  town  has  stores, 
hotels  and  shops  of  all  kinds,  and  one  weekly  news¬ 
paper — the  Leader.  Carpenter’s  is  the  principal 
hotel.  Population,  400 ;  tributary,  600;  altitude,  3,948. 
It  is  the  principal  shipping  point  for  cattle  and 
sheep  in  this  portion  of  Colorado.  Large  herds  are 
driven  up  from  the  southern  country,  held  in  readi¬ 
ness  for  cars,  and  forwarded  to  the  eastern  markets. 
Distance  east,  fromPueblo,  eighty-three  miles ;  Kan¬ 
sas  City,  536  miles;  Fort  Lyons,  is  northeast,  four 
miles;  Trinidad,  southwest,  100  miles;  fare  from 
Pueblo,  $4.70.  Tour  8. 

Weston — Once  a  “booming”  station  on  the 
South  Park  Division  Union  Pacific  Railway,  is  in 
Park  county,  two  miles  west  of  Garo’s ;  now  entirely 
abandoned.  From  Weston,  when  it  was  the  “end  of 
the  track,”  an  immense  amount  of  freight  destined 
for  the  new  carbonate  camps  to  the  westward,  as 
well  as  stages  with  passengers,  mails  and  express, 
went  via  Weston  Pass,  over  the  “range”  to 
Leadville,  thirty  miles.  Distance  from  Denver,  106 
miles ;  fare  $9.  Tour  5. 

West  Gunnison — Gunnison  county,  is  one 
mile  west  from  Gunnison  City,  near  the  Gunnison 
river.  Population,  200.  It  is  claimed  this  will  be 
the  place  selected  by  the  railways  for  their  depots, 
round  houses,  etc.,  on  account  of  its  close  proxim¬ 
ity  to  the  river.  It  has  one  good  hotel,  the  Cuenin, 
and  several  stores,  and  one  weekly  newspaper,  the 
Gunnison  Review.  Mail  matter  is  supplied  from 
Gunnison  City.  See  also,  distances  and  fares  from 
the  same  place. 

Wet  Mountain  Valley— In  Custer  and 
Fremont  counties,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful,  as 
well  as  the  most  productive  of  all  the  mountain 
valleys  of  Colorado.  It  is  about  twenty-five  miles 
in  length,  with  an  average  width  of  three  miles  of 


154 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  - 


In  the  very  many  nooks,  vales, 
dells  and  parks,  which  surround 
this  great  undulating  basin,  are 
numberless  springs  and  rivulets, 
which,  with  the  waters  from  the 
melting  snow  on  the  mountains,  1 
find  their  way  to  and  from  Grape 
Creek,  a  stream  that  leaves  the  1 
valley  through  one  of  the  wildest  , 
and  most  romantic  canon  gorges 
in  th,e  State,  reaching  the  Arkansas 
Eiver  a  few  miles  west  from  Canon 
City.  See  “ Grape  Creel  Canon,” 
Page  67.  This  valley,  hemmed  in 
as  it  is,  on  all  sides,  the  cold  winds 
and  severe  storms,  usual  in  other 
localities  of  like  altitude,  (7,500 
feet),  and  geographical  position, 
are  greatly  modified,  being  protect¬ 
ed  by  the  mountain  ranges,  while 
in  summer  the  weather  is  corre¬ 
spondingly  cool  and  pleasant. 

The  first  settlement  in  the  valley 
was  in  1869.  In  March,  1870,  a  col¬ 
ony  of  Germans  from  Chicago,  con¬ 
ducted  by  Gen.  Carl  Walsten,  set¬ 
tled  in  the  valley  and  commenced 
farming  and  stock-raising  on  the 
co-operative  plan.  Six  months  of 
bickering  resulted  in  a  division  of 
interests,  each  for  himself;  some 
returned,  others  remained.  All  the 
original  settlers  that  were  content 
to  remain,  and  bide  their  time,  and 
work ;  are  rich,  or  in  very  comfort¬ 
able  circumstances.  The  agricul¬ 
tural  lands  in  the  valley  are  all 
taken  up,  and  the  greater  portion 
under  cultivation,  yielding  good 
crops  of  all  kinds  of  grain  and 
vegetables,  excepting  corn,  which 
find  a  ready  market  at  good  prices, 
in  the  mining  camps,  and  the  cities 
of  Silver  Cliff  and  Eosita. 

Wheatland— Larimer  coun¬ 
ty,  on  the  Cache  a  la  Poudre Eiver, 
is  a  ranch  and  post  office,  sur- 
x'ounded  by  rich  agricultural  lands, 
where  all  kinds  of  grain  and  veg¬ 
etables  yield  good  crops,  with  irri¬ 
gation,  which  is  very  generally 
practiced.  It  is  reached  by  “Post 
Road ”  No.  2. 


HOT  SULPHUR  SPRINGS,  WAGON  WHEEL  GAP.  (See  pages  152  and  153.)  Wheeler — Summit  COUnty,  is 


low  rich  bottom  land,  bordered  by  table  or  mesa 
lands  on  each  side,  of  from  two  to  five  miles  in  extent. 
On  the  north,  west  and  south,  rise  the  snow- clad 
peaks  of  the  Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains,  and  to 
the  east,  the  Wet  Mountain,  or  Greenhorn  range. 


situated  at  the  junction  of  West 
Ten  Mile  with  the  main  stream,  in  the  midst  of  a 
heavy  growth  of  timber.  It  is  a  small  hay  and 
mining  camp,  consisting  of  a  post  office,  hotel, 
several  shops  and  private  residences  and,  with 
immediate  surroundings,  a  population  of  150.  To 


I 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


UPPER  TWIN  LAKE. 

the  south  of  the  town  is  Copper  Mountain,  on  the 
east  is  a  solid  mountain  of  granite,  rising  abrupt¬ 
ly  from  the  bed  of  the  stream;  on  the  west  and 
northwest  is  Wheeler  Mountain.  In  all  of  these 
mountains  rich  mineral  “prospects”  have  been 
found,  some  of  which  assay  from  $40  to  $90  per  ton, 
in  silver.  Wheeler  is  about  seven  miles  north  from 
Kokomo,  and  fifteen  miles  from  Breckenridge. 

White  Rock — Boulder  county,  is  a  small 
station  on  the  line  of  the  Boulder  Yalley  Branch  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  forty-two  miles  from 
Denver,  on  Boulder  River.  Flouring  mills  and 
farming.  Fare  from  Denver,  $2.20. 

White  Pine — Gunnison  county,  is  a  small 
mining  camp  on  Tomichi  Creek,  five  miles  north 
from  Monarch  Pass,  and  about  twelve  miles  from 
Garfield,  the  nearest  point  reached  by  established 
conveyance. 

Widefielcl — El  Paso  county,  is  a  small  sta¬ 
tion  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway,  nine 
miles  south  from  Colorado  Springs,  and  eighty-four 
from  Denver.  Fare,  $5.45.  Tour  6. 

Willowville — Jefferson  county,  is  a  ranch 
and  post  office  away  up  in  the  mountains,  on 
Elk  Creek,  where  are  some  mineral  “prospects.” 
It  is  situated  on  the  Old  Bradford  Hill  wagon 
road,  five  miles  north  from  Crosson’s,  and  fifteen 


(See  pages  149  and  150.) 

miles  southwest  from  Morrison.  See  “ Crosson’s ” 
and  “Morrison.” 

Wild  Horse — Bent  county,  is  on  the  Big 
Sandy  River,  and  the  Kansas  Pacific  Division  Un¬ 
ion  Pacific  Railway,  141  miles  east  from  Denver. 
Fare,  $6.90.  It  is  on  a  broad  prairie,  occupied 
exclusively  by  stock-raisers.  Tour  4. 

Windham — Ouray  county,  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Uncompahgr-e  Canon,  on  the  Uncompahgre 
River,  three  miles  north  from  Ouray.  It  is  a  small 
ranch,  post  office,  and  a  few  buildings.  See  “Ouray.” 

Yorkville— Fremont  county,  a  post  office  and 
stage  station  on  the  stage  road  south  from  Canon 
City  to  Silver  Cliff.  The  road  is  rough  and  moun¬ 
tainous,  and  the  scenery  is  of  the  rugged  order. 
Game  is  most  abundant;  elk,  deer,  bear,  grouse  and 
an  occasional  grizzly.  Distance,  fifteen  miles  to 
Canon  City,  by  stage;  fare,  $2.50;  to  Silver  Cliff, 
fourteen  miles;  fare,  $1.50;  from  Denver  175  miles; 
fare  by  rail  and  stage,  $14.40.  See  “Post  Roads”  No.  45. 

Zapata— Costilla  county,  San  Luis  Park,  is 
situated  at  the  western  base  of  theSangre  de  Chris¬ 
to  mountains,  five  miles  northwest  from  Mount 
Blanco.  Sheep  and  cattle  occupy  the  attention  of 
the  few  people  in  the  vicinity.  Distance  twenty 
miles  northeast  from  Alamosa;  fare,  $2.50. 

«®“See  “ Kester ”  under  the  head  of  “Items  as  they 
Run.” 


156  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


POST  ROADS  IN  COLORADO. 


No.  1. — From  Greeley  west,  via  Hillsborough, 
Big  Thompson,  to  Namaqua,  twenty-five  miles,  and 
back,  twice  a  week.  Leave  Greeley  Mondays  and 
Thursdays,  at  10:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Namaque  at 
6:00  p.  m.  Leave  Namaqua  Tuesdays  and  Fridays, 
at  10 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Greeley  at  6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  2. — From  Greeley  northwest,  via  Liberty, 
Wheatland,  Fort  Collins  and  La  Porte,  to  Liver¬ 
more,  forty-seven  miles  and  back,  twice  a  week. 
Leave  Greeley  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  at  6 : 00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Livermore  by  9 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Livermore 
Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Greeley  by  9 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  3. — From  Greeley  east  and  northeast, 
via  Platte  Yalley,  Corona,  South  Platte,  Buffalo, 
Sarinda,  and  Sterling,  to  Sidney,  Nebraska,  140  miles 
and  back,  twice  a  week.  Leave  Greeley,  Mondays 
and  Thursdays,  at  8:00a.m.;  arrive  at  Sidney  fol- 
fowing  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  by  6:00  p.  M. 
Leave  Sidney,  Tuesdays  and  Thursdays,  and  arrive 
at  Greeley  the  following  Wednesdays  and  Satur¬ 
days,  by  7 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  4. — From  Longmont  west  via  Pella,  to 
Estes  Park,  from  July  1st,  to  September  30th, 
thirty-five  miles  and  back,  daily,  except  Sundays. 
Leave  Longmont  at  11 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Estes 
Park  by  7 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Estes  Park  at  8:30  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Longmont  by  4 : 30  p.  m.  Stage. 

No.  5. — From  Loveland  to  Estes  Park,  thirty- 
eight  miles,  increased  service  to  three  times  a  week, 
from  June  1st  to  30th,  of  each  year.  Stage. 

No.  6. — From  Boulder  southwest,  to  Mag¬ 
nolia,  nine  miles,  and  back,  three  times  a  week. 
Leave  Boulder,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Satur¬ 
days,  at  9:00a.m.;  arrive  at  Magnolia  by  12:00  m. 
Leave  Magnolia  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Sat¬ 
urdays,  at  2:00  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Boulder  by  5:00  p.  m. 

Hack. 

No.  7. — From  Boulder  northwest,  to  Sun¬ 
shine,  seven  miles  and  back,  six  times  a  week. 
Leave  Boulder  daily,  except  Sundays,  at  2 : 00  p.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Sunshine  by  4:00  p.  m.  Leave  Sunshine, 
except  Sundays,  at  8:30  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Boulder  by 
10 : 30  a.  m.  Hack. 

No.  8. — From  Boulder  west  and  north,  via  Oro- 
delfan,  Crisman,  Salina,  Left  Hand,  Rockville  and 
Jamestown,  to  Ward  District,  forty  miles  and  back, 
six  times  a  week,  between  Boulder  and  Left  Hand, 


eleven  miles,  and  three  times  a  week  the  residue. 
Leave  Boulder  daily,  except  Sundays,  at  8:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Left  Hand  by  11:00  a.  m.  Leave  Left 
Hand  daily,  except  Sundays,  at  3:00  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Boulder  by  6:00  p.  m.  Leave  Left  Hand,  Mondays, 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at  12:00  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Ward  District  by  8:00  p.  m.  Leave  Ward  District, 
Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Left  Hand  by  2 : 00  p.  m.  Stage. 

No.  9. — From  Crisman  west  to  Sugar  Loaf, 
five  miles,  and  back,  once  a  week.  Leave  Crisman, 
Fridays  at  10 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Sugar  Loaf  by  12 : 00 
•m.  Leave  Sugar  Loaf  Fridays  at  1 : 00  p.  m.  ;  arrive 
at  Crisman  by  3 : 00  p.  m.  Saddle. 

No.  10. — From  Boulder  west,  by  Nederland, 
to  Caribou,  twenty-two  miles,  and  back,  three  times 
a  week.  Leave  Boulder,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and 
Saturdays,  at  1:00  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Caribou  by  7 : 00 
p.  m.  Leave  Caribou,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Sat¬ 
urdays  at  6: 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Boulder  by  12:00  m. 

Stage. 

No.  11. — From  Central  City  east  and  north, 
via  Black  Hawk  and  Rollinsville,  to  Nederland, 
seventeen  miles,  and  back,  three  times  a  week. 
Leave  Central  City,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Satur¬ 
days,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Nederland  by  12:00  m. 
Leave  Nederland  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Satur¬ 
days,  at  1 : 00  p.m.  ;  arrive  at  Central  City  by  7 : 00  p.  r. 

Hack. 

No.  12. — From  Georgetown  northwest  by 
Empire  City,  Frasier  and  Twelve  Mile,  to  Hot  Sul¬ 
phur  Springs,  in  Middle  Park,  forty-seven  miles 
and  back  three  times  a  week.  Leave  Georgetown, 
Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at  6 :00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  at  6 :00  p.  m.  Leave 
Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and 
Saturdays,  at  6  :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Georgetown  6:00 
p.  m.  Stage. 

No.- 13. — From  Georgetown  via  “High  Line,” 
west  and  southerly,  via  Silver  Plume,  Montezuma, 
Junction  City  and  Frisco,  to  Kokomo,  forty-four 
miles  and  back,  daily,  from  May  1st  to  October  31st 
of  each  year.  Leave  Georgetown  at  12:00  noon; 
arrive  at  Kokomo  in  fourteen  hours.  Leave  Ko¬ 
komo  at  8 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  in  Georgetown  in  four¬ 
teen  hours.  Stage. 

No.  14. — From  Georgetown,  southerly,  via 
Decatur,  Chihuahua,  Montezuma,  Haywoods,  Dil- 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  157 


Ion  and  Frisco  to  Kokomo,  fifty  miles  and  back. 
Daily  in  the  summer  months.  Hack. 

No.  15.— F  rom  Lake  City,  westerly,  via  Cap¬ 
itol  City  to  Rose’s  Cabin,  fourteen  miles  and  back, 
daily.  Leave  Lake  City  at  8 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Rose’s  Cabin  by  6:00  p.  M.  Leave  Rose’s  Cabin  at 
8 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Lake  City  by  6 :00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  16. — From  Florence,  southeast,  via 
Greenwood,  Beulah,  Osage  Avenue  and  Table 
Mountain  to  Greenhorn,  fifty-four  miles  and  back, 
three  times  a  week.  Leave  Florence,  Mondays, 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at  7 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Greenhorn  by  4:30  p.  m.  Leave  Greenhorn,  Tues¬ 
days,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays  at  7 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive 
at  Florence  by  4 :30  p.  M.  Saddle. 

No  17. — From  Breckenridge,  west  of  north, 
via  Blue  River  and  Williams’  Fork,  to  Hot  Sulphur 
Springs,  Middle  Park,  sixty-two  miles  and  back, 
once  a  week.  Leave  Breckenridge,  Wednesdays  at 
6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Hot  Sulphur  Springs  by  9:00  p. 
m.  Leave  Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  Tuesdays,  at  6 :00 
a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Breckenridge  by  9:00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  18. — From  Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  north¬ 
east  to  Grand  Lake,  twenty-five  miles  and  back, 
twice  a  week,  from  June  1st  to  December  31st,  of 
each  year.  Leave  Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  Mondays 
and  Fridays,  at  9  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Grand  Lake  by  6 :00 
p.  M.  Leave  Grand  Lake  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays 
at  9 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Hot  Sulphur  Springs  by  6 :00 
p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  19. — From  Greeley,  east,  along  the 
Platte  River,  by  Lemons,  Weldon  Valley,  Morgan 
and  Plesant.  Plain,  to  Buffalo,  100  miles  and  back 
once  a  week.  Leave  Greeley,  Wednesdays  at  1 :00 
p.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Buffalo,  Tuesdays  by  2 :00  p.  m.  Leave 
Buffalo  Thursdays  at  8 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Greeley, 
Friday,  by  9 :00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  20. — From  Como,  southeast,  via  Bordens- 
ville  and  Mountaindale  to  Florisant,  forty-eight 
miles  and  back,  once  a  week.  Leave  Como  Mondays 
6:00  a.m.;  arrive  at  Florisant  by  7:00  p.  m.  Leave 
Florisant  Tuesdays  at  6 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Como  by 
7 :00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  21. — From  Conejos,  north  of  west,  to  Pa- 
gosa  Springs,  eighty-five  miles  and  back,  three 
times  a  week.  Leave  Conejos,  Mondays,  Wednes¬ 
days  and  Fridays,  at  8 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Pagosa 
Springs  in  twenty  hours.  Leave  Pagosa  Springs, 
Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays  at  8:00  a.  m.  ;  ar¬ 
rive  at  Conejos  in  twenty  hours.  Trail. 

No.  22. — From  Jamestown,  south  of  east,  to 
Balarat,  four  and  a  half  miles  and  back,  twice  a 
week.  Leave  Jamestown  Mondays  and  Fridays  at 
8 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Balarat  by  9 :30  a.  m.  Leave  Bal¬ 
arat  Mondays  and  Fridays  at  12 :00  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Jamestown  by  1 :30  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  23. — From  Breckenridge,  north  to  Frisco, 
then  south  to  Kokomo,  twenty-six  miles,  and  back, 
three  times  a  week.  Wagons  and  hacks  daily. 


No.  24. — From  Silver  Cliff,  north  to  Dora, 
six  miles,  and  back,  six  times  a  week.  Leave  Silver 
Cliff  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  10:30  a.  m.;  arrive  at 
Dora  by  12:30  p.  m.  Leave  Dora  daily,  except  Sun¬ 
day,  at  12 : 30  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Silver  Cliff  by  3 : 00  p.  m. 

Stages. 

No.  25. — From  Ouray,  southeast,  via  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  to  Mineral  Point,  ten  miles,  and  back, 
three  times  a  week.  This  is  a  villainous  trail. 

No.  26. — From  Ouray  southwest  to  San 
Miguel,  twenty-seven  miles,  and  back,  three  times 
a  week.  Leave  Ouray,  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and 
Fridays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  San  Miguel  by  8:00 
p.  m.  Leave  San  Miguel,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and 
Saturdays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Ouray  by  6:00 
p.  m.  Trail. 

No.  27. — From  Ouray,  west  and  south,  via 
Alder  Creek,  Placerville,  and  Ophir,  to  Rico,  ninety 
miles,  and  back,  daily. 

Summer  Schedule.— Leave  Ouray  at  6:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Rico,  second  day,  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Rico 
at  6: 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Ouray,  second  day,  by  6: 00 

p.  M. 

Winter  Schedule.— Leave  Ouray  at  6:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Rico,  third  day,  at  6:00  p.  M.  Leave  Rico 
at  6 : 00  a.  M. ;  arrive  at  Ouray,  third  day,  by  6 : 00  p.  m. 

Trail. 

No.  28. — From  Placerville,  west,  down  the 
San  Miguel,  via  Paradox  Valley,  La  Sal,  and  Old 
Mountain  Fort,  to  Salina,  Utah,  312  miles,  and  back, 
once  a  week.  Leave  Placerville,  Monday,  at  8:00 
a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Salina  in  132  hours.  Leave  Salina  at 
8:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Placerville  in  132  hours.  Trail. 

No.  29. — From  Trinidad,  west,  via  Davis,  to 
Stonewall,  thirty-six  miles,  and  back,  twice  a  week. 
Leave  Trinidad,  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays,  at  9:00 
a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Stonewall  by  6:00  p.  m.  Leave 
Stonewall,  Mondays  and  Fridays,  at  9 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive 
at  Trinidad  by  9 : 00  p.  m.  Hack 

No.  30. — From  Animas  Forks,  south,  via 
Eureka,  to  Howardsville,  eight  and  one-half  miles, 
and  back,  twice  a  week.  Leave  Animas  Forks, 
Mondays  and  Wednesdays,  at  8:00a.m.;  arrive  at 
Howardsville  by  12: 00  noon.  Leave  Howardsville, 
Mondays  and  Wednesdays,  and  arrive  at  Animas 
Forks  by  6 : 00  p.  m. 

No.  31. — From  White  River  Agency,  north, 
via  Windsor  and  Dixon,  to  Rawlins,  on  Union  Pacific 
Railway,  180  miles,  and  back,  once  a  week.  Leave 
White  River,  Mondays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Raw¬ 
lins,  next  Friday,  by  6:00  p.  m.  Leave  Rawlins, 
Mondays,  at  6 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  White  River,  Friday 
by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  32. — From  Denver,  southeast,  via  Cherry 
Creek,  Pine  Grove,  Franktown,  Rock  Ridge,  and 
Elbert,  to  Gomer’s  Mill,  sixty-four  miles,  and  back, 
once  a  week.  Leave  Denver,  Mondays,  at  8 : 00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Gomer’s  Mill,  next  day,  by  6:00  p.  m. 
Leave  Gomer’s  Mill,  Wednesdays,  at  8:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Denver,  next  day,  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 


158  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


POST  RIDER,  ON  THE  TRAIL. 


No.  33. — From  Castle  Rock,  east,  via  FranK- 
town  and  Running  Creek,  to  Kiowa,  twenty-seven 
miles,  and  back,  three  times  a  week.  Leave  Castle 
Rock,  Mondays,. Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at  8:00 
a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Kiowa  by  4 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Kiowa, 
Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at  8:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Castle  Rock  by  4 : 00  p.  m. 

Hack  and  Saddle. 

No.  34. — From  Castle  Rock,  south  of  west,  to 
Bear  Canon,  six  miles,  and  back,  once  a  week. 
Leave  Castle  Rock,  Saturdays,  at  1:00  p.  m.  ;  arrive 
at  Bear  Canon  by  3:00  p.  m.  Leave  Bear  Canon, 
Saturdays,  at  10:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Castle  Rock  by 
12:00  noon.  Hack. 

No.  35.  From  Greenland  east  to  Spring  Val¬ 
ley,  five  miles  and  back,  twice  a  week.  Leave 
Greenland  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  at  6:00  p.  m. 
Arrive  at  Spring  Valley  by  7 : 30  p.  m.  Leave  Spring 
Valley  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  at  3 : 30  p.  m.  Arrive 
at  Greenland  by  5 : 00  p.  m.  Hack  and  Saddle. 

No.  36.  F  rom  Monument  north  of  east,  via 
Table  Rock,  Gomer’s  Mills,  Bijou  Basin,  O  Z.  and 
Big  Sandy  to  River  Bend,  60  miles  and  back,  twice  a 
week.  Leave  Monument  Mondays  and  Tuesdays  at 
7 :  00  a.  M.  Arrive  at  River  Bend  next  day  by  12 : 00 
noon.  Leave  River  Bend  Wednesdays  and  Fridays 
at  7 : 00  a.  M.  Arrive  at  Monument  next  day  by  8 :  00 
p.  m.  Hack  and  Saddle. 

No.  37o  From  Colorado  Springs  northeast  to 
Easton,  19  miles  and  back,  once  a  week.  Leave 
Colorado  Springs  Mondays  at  9:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at 
Easton  by  2 :  00  p.  M.  Leave  Easton,  Tuesdays  at  9 : 00 
a.  m.  Arrive  at  Colorado  Springs  by  2 : 00  p.  m. 

Hack. 

No.  38.  From  Manitou  west,  via  Summit 
Park,  Florisant,  Rocky  and  Hartsel  to  Garo’s,  74 


miles  and  back,  three  times  a  week.  Leave 
Manitou  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays 
at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Garo’s  next  days  by 
5 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Garo’s,  Mondays,  Wednesdays 
and  Fridays  at  6:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Manitou 
next  days  at  5 : 00  p.  m.  Coach. 

No.  39.  From  Morrison  west,  via  Ever¬ 
green  to  Brookvale,  20  miles  and  back,  once  a 
week.  Leave  Morrison,  Mondays  at  10 :  00  a.  m. 
Arrive  at  Brookvale  by  4:00  p.  M.  Leave 
Brookvale  Tuesdays  at  9 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive  at 
Morrison  at  3 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  40.  From  Webster,  west,  via  Hall’s 
Valley,  Montezuma,  St.  John,  Peston  and  Lin¬ 
coln  City  to  Breckenridge,  39  miles  and  back, 
three  times  a  week.  Leave  Webster,  Mondays, 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays  at  7 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive 
at  Breckenridge  next  day  by  6 :  00  p.  m.  Leave 
Breckenridge  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fri¬ 
days  at  7:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Webster  next 
days  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  41.  From  Como  northwest,  via  Ham¬ 
ilton  and  Conger  to  Breckenridge,  18  miles 
and  back,  six  times  a  week.  Leave  Como  daily, 
except  Sunday,  at  6:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Brecken¬ 
ridge  by  12 : 00  noon.  Leave  Breckenridge  daily, 
except  Sunday,  at  1:00  p.  m.  Arrive  at  Como  by 
7 : 00  p.  m.  Concord  Coaches. 

No.  42.  From  Fairplay,  west,  via  Alma  to 
Dudley,  7  miles  and  back,  six  times  a  week.  Leave 
Fairplay  daily,  except  Sundays,  at  8 :  00  a.  m.  Arrive 
at  Dudley  at  10 :  00  a.  m.  Leave  Dudley  daily,  except 
Sundays,  at  4:00  p.  m.  Arrive  at  Fairplay  by  6:00 
p.  m.  Coach. 

No.  43.  From  Canon  City  northeast  via 
Glendale,  Turkey  Creek  and  Little  Fountain  to 
Colorado  Springs,  45  miles  and  back,  once  a  week. 
Leave  Canon  City,  Mondays  at  6 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive  at 
Colorado  Springs  by  9 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Colorado 
Springs  Wednesdays  at  6 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Canon 
City  by  9 :  00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  44  From  Canon  City  northwest  via  Cur¬ 
rant  Creek  and  Kester  to  Garo’s,  61  miles  and  back, 
once  a  week.  Leave  Canon  City  Mondays  at  7:00 
a.  m.  Arrive  at  Garo’s  next  day  by  5 :  00  p.  m.  Leave 
Garo’s  Fridays  at  7 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Canon  City 
next  day  by  7:00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  45.  From  Canon  City  south  via  Yorks- 
ville  and  Galena  to  Rosita,  28  miles  and  back,  six 
times  a  week.  Leave  Canon  City  daily,  except 
Sundays,  at  8 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Rosita  by  3 : 00  p.  M. 
Leave  Rosita  daily,  except  Sundays,  at  4:00  a.  m. 
Arrive  at  Canon  City  by  11 : 30  a.  m. 

Four-Horse  Coaches. 

[Changes  will  be  made  when  rail  road  reaches  Silver  Cliff.] 

No.  46. — From  Yorkville  southwest  to  Sil¬ 
ver  Cliff,  sixteen  miles  and  back,  six  times  a  week. 
Leave  Yorkville  daily,  except  Sunday,  at  1 : 00  p.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Silver  Cliff  by  4:00  p.m.  Leave  Silver 


CBOFUTT’ S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE .  159 


Cliff  daily,  Sundays  excepted,  at  4:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive 
at  Yorkville,  8 : 00  a.  m.  Six  horse  coaches. 

[Changes  will  be  made  when  rail  road  reaches  Silver  Cliff.] 

No.  47. — From  Pueblo,  south  of  west,  via 
Greenwood  and  Silver  Park  to  Rosita,  forty-nine 
miles  and  back,  six  times  a  week.  Leave  Pueblo, 
daily,  except  Sundays,  at  7:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
;  Rosita  by  5:00  p.  m.  Leave  Rosita,  at  8:00  a.  m., 
daily,  except  Sunday;  arrive  at  Pueblo,  by  6:00 
p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  48. — From  Pueblo,  southwest,  via  St. 
Charles,  Agate  and  Muddy  Creek,  to  Greenhorn, 
thirty-five  miles,  and  back,  three  times  a  week. 
Leave  Pueblo,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays 
at  7 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Greenhorn  by  2:00  p.  m. 
Leave  Greenhorn,  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and 
Fridays  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Pueblo  by  7 : 00  p.  m. 

Hack. 

No.  49. — From  Greenhorn,  northwest,  via 
Table  Mountain  and  Osage  Avenue,  to  Beulah,  six¬ 
teen  miles,  and  back,  twice  a  week.  Leave  Green¬ 
horn,  Tuesdays  and  Fridays  at  2 : 00  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Beulah,  by  7:00  p.  m.  Leave  Beulah,  Tuesdays  and 
Fridays  at  7 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Greenhorn  by  12 : 00, 
noon.  Hack  and  Saddle. 

No.  50. — From  Boonville,  southwest,  via 
Jackson  and  Juniata,  to  Huerfano,  nineteen  miles, 
and  back,  once  a  week.  Leave  Boonville,  Satur¬ 
days  at  7:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Huerfano  by  12 : 00 
noon.  Leave  Huerfano,  Saturdays  at  1:00p.m.; 
arrive  at  Boonville  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  51.— From  West  Las  Animas,  southwest 
via  Higbee  to  Bent’s  Canon,  fifty  miles,  and  back, 
once  a  week.  Leave  West 
Las  Animas,  Mondays  at  6 : 00 
a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Bent’s  Canon, 
by  7:00  p.  m.  Leave  Bent’s 
Canon,  Tuesdays  at  6*:  00  a. 
m.  ;  arrive  at  West  Las  Ani¬ 
mas  by  7 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  52. — From  Trinidad 
northeast  to  Pulaski,  thir¬ 
teen  miles,  and  back,  once  a 
week.  Leave  Trinidad  Mon¬ 
days  at  1 : 00,  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Pulaski  by  5:00  p.  m.  Leave 
Pulaski  Mondays  at  9:00  a. 
m.  ;  arrive  at  Trinidad  by 
11 : 00  a.  m.  Hack  and  Saddle. 

No.  53. — From  Trinidad 
southeast,  via  Barela  and 
San  Jose,  to  Madison,  New 
Mexico,  forty-five  miles,  and 
back,  once  a  week.  Leave 
Trinidad,  Fridays  at  6:00  a. 
m.  ;  arrive  at  Madison  by  7 :00 
p.  m.  Leave  Madison  Satur¬ 
days  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Trinidad  by  7 : 00  p.  m. 

Hack  and  Saddle. 


No.  54. — From  Walsenburgh,  northwest,  via 
St.  Mary’s  and  Badito,  to  Gardner,  thirty  miles, 
and  back,  three  times  a  week.  Leave  Walsenburgh, 
Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at  8:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Gardner  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Gardner 
Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays  at  8:00  a.  m.  ; 
arrive  at  Walsenburgh  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  55. — From  Badito,  southwest,  via  Bussell 
to  Fort  Garland,  thirty-eight  miles,  and  back,  once 
a  week.  Leave  Badito,  Saturdays  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  ar¬ 
rive  at  Fort  Garland  by  8:00  p.  m.  Leave  Fort  Gar¬ 
land  Mondays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Badito  by 
8 : 00  p.  m.  Trail. 

No.  56. — From  Sangre  de  Christo,  west  of 
north,  via  San  Isabel,  Rio  Alto,  Cotton  Creek  and 
Bismarck,  to  Villa  Grove,  thirty-three  miles,  and 
back,  once  a  week.  Leave  Sangre  de  Christo  at  1 : 00 
p.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Villa  Grove  by  8 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Villa 
Grove  at  5 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Sangre  de  Christo  by 
12 : 00  noon.  Hack. 

No.  57. — From  Livermore,  south  of  west,  to 
Elkhorn,  twelve  miles  and  back,  twice  a  week. 
Leave  Livermore  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  at 
8:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Elkhorn  by  12:00  noon.  Leave 
Elkhorn  Tuesdays  and  Fridays,  at  2 : 00  p.  m.  ;  arrive 
at  Livermore  by  7  :'00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  58— From  Silver  Cliff,  south,  to  Blum- 
enan,  twelve  miles  and  back,  three  times  a  week. 
Leave  Silver  Cliff,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Satur¬ 
days,  at  7:00  xi .  m.  ;  arrive  at  Blumenan  by  9 : 30  a.  m. 
Leave  Blumenan  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fri¬ 
days,  at  ,3 :00  p.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Silver  Cliff  by  5:00  p.  m. 

Hack. 


160  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  G  XJIDE. 


No.  59. — From  Silver  Cliff,  west  of  north, 
to  Texas  Creek,  twenty-two  miles  and  back,  six 
;  times  a  week.  Coaches. 

No.  60. — From  Livermore,  southwest,  via 
Elkhorn  to  Lulu,  sixty-two  miles  and  back,  twice  a 
week.  Hack  in  summer  and  Saddle  in  winter. 

No.  61. — From  Cascade,  west,  to  Eico, 
twenty  miles  over  a  villainous  trail. 

No.  62. — From  Alamosa,  northeast,  via  Zap- 
ato  and  Costilla  to  Silver  Cliff,  seventy  miles  and 
back,  three  times  a  week.  -  Trail. 

No.  63. — From  Crested  Butte,  west,  to  Ir¬ 
win,  eight  miles.  Hack. 

No.  64. — From  Buena  Vista,  southwest,  via 
Alpine,  Pitkin  andParlins  to  Gunnison  City,  eighty- 
one  miles  and  back,  daily,  on  a  schedule  of  twenty 
hours  in  summer,  and  thirty-six  hours  in  winter. 

Rail,  hack  and  coach. 

No.  65. — From  Gunnison  City,  east  of  north, 
viaHowville  (Jack’s  cabin);  to  Crested  Butte  and 
Gothic,  forty  miles,  three  times  a  week.  Leave 
Gunnison  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at 
7:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Crested  Butte  or  Gothic,  by  7 :00 
p.  m.  Leave  Crested  Butte  or  Gothic,  Tuesdays, 
Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at  7 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Gunnison  by  7 :00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  66. — From  Gunnison  City,  south,  to  White 
Earth,  sixteen  miles  and  return,  daily.  Leave  Gun¬ 
nison  at  7:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  White  Earth  by  3 :00  p. 
m.  Leave  White  Earth  at  10 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Gun¬ 
nison  by  6 :00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  67. — From  Antelope  Springs,  west,  via 
San  Juan  and  Howardsville  to  Silverton,  sixty 
miles  and  back,  three  times  a  week.  Leave  Ante¬ 
lope  Springs,  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at 
10 :30  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Silverton  next  days  by  8 :30  p.  m. 
Leave  Silverton  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fri¬ 
days,  at  5 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive-  at  Antelope  Springs  next 
days  by  2 :00  p.  m.  Hack  or  passenger  coach,  daily. 

No.  68. — From  Silverton,  south  and  west,  via 
Nicora  and  Hermosa,  to  Parrott  City,  sixty-nine 
miles  and  back,  once  a  week.  Leave  Silverton 
Tuesdays  at  6 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Parrott  City  next 
day  by  6:00  p.  m.  Leave  Parrott  City  .Fridays,  at 
6 :00  a.  M. ;  arrive  at  Silverton,  next  day  by  6:00  p.  m. 

Hack  and  Trail. 

No.  69. — From  Parrott  City,  north  of  west, 
viaMancosto  Dolores,  thirty-six  miles  and  back, 
three  times  a  week.  Leave  Parrott  City,  Tuesdays, 
Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at  7 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Dolores,  by  7:00  p.  m.  Leave  Dolores,  Mondays, 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays,  at  7 :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Prescott  by  7 :00  p.  m.  .  Trail. 

No.  70.— From  Silverton,  northwest,  via 
Ophir,  to  San  Miguel,  thirty- six  miles  and  back, 
twice  a  week.  Leave  Silverton  Mondays  and  Fri¬ 
days  at  6:00  a.  m;  arrive  at  San  Miguel  by  3:00  p. 
m.  Leave  San  Miguel  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays,  at 
6 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Silverton  by  •  00  p.  m. 

Horrid  trail. 


No.  71. — From  Ojo  Calienta,  New  Mexico, 
northwest,  to  Animas  City,  120  miles,  three  times  a 
week.  Leave  Ojo  Calienta,  Mondays,  Wednesdays 
and  Saturdays,  at  7: 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Animas  City 
Wednesdays,  Fridays  and  Sundays,  by  9:00  a.  m. 
Leave  Animas  City  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fri¬ 
days,  at  7  :00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Ojo  Calienta  Wednes¬ 
days,  Fridays  and  Sundays,  by  9 : 00  a.  m. 

^  At  present,  a  daily  “ buck-board .” 

No.  72. — From  Animas  City,  south,  via  Du¬ 
rango  to  Farmington,  New  Mexico,  forty  miles  and 
back,  twice  a  week.  Leave  Animas  City  Mondays 
and  Fridays,  6 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Farmington  by 
by  6:  00  p.  m.  Leave  Farmington,  Tuesdays  and 
Saturdays,  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Animas  City  by 
6 : 00  p.  m.  Hack. 

No.  73.  From  Conejos,  west  of  north,  via 
Piedra  to  Del  Norte,  52  miles  and  back,  once  a 
week.  Leave  Conejos,  Monday  at  5 : 00  a.  m.  Arrive 
at  Del  Norte  next  day  by  4 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Del  Norte 
Wednesday  at  5:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Conejos  next 
day  at  4 : 00  p.  m.  Saddle. 

No.  74. — From  Del  Norte,  southwest  to  Sum¬ 
mit,  twenty  seven  miles  and  back,  three  times  a 
week,  from  May  1st  to  October  31st  of  each  year, 
and  once  the  residue. 

Summer  Schedule— Leave  Del  Norte,  Mondays, 
Wednesdays  and  Fridays  at  6:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at 
the  Summit  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Leave  Summit  Tuesdays, 
Thursdays  and  Saturdays  at  6 :  00  a.  m.  Arrive  at 
Del  Norte  by  6 :00  p.  m.  Hack. 

Winter  Schedule— Leave  Del  Norte,  Mondays  at 
8 :  00  a.  m.  Arrive  at  Summit  next  day  by  6:00  p.  m. 
Leave  Summit  Wednesday  at  8:00  a.  m.  Arrive  at 
Del  Norte  next  day  by  6 : 00  p.  m.  Saddle. 

No.  75.  From  Summit  southwest  to  Pagosa 
Springs,  35  miles  and  back,  tfiree  times  a  week  from 
May  1st  to  October  31st  of  each  year,  and  once  the 
residue. 

Summer  Schedule —  Leave  Summit  Tuesdays, 
Thursdays  and  Saturdays  at  6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at 
Pagosa  Springs  by  6:00  p.  m.  Leave  Pagosa 
Springs  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays  at  6 : 00 
a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Summit  by  6:00  p.m. 

Winter  Schedule — Leave  Summit,  Mondays  at 
8 : 00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Pagosa  Springs,  next  day  by 
6:00  p.  m.  Leave  Pagosa  Springs,  Wednesdays  at 
6:00  a.  m.  ;  arrive  at  Summit  next  day  at  6:  00  p.  m. 

Saddle  Trail  only. 

No.  76.— From  Alamosa,  northwest,  via  Del 
Norte,  Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  Antelope  Springs  and 
Belford  to  Lake  City,  115  miles.  Daily  Coaches,  four 
and  six  horses;  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

Connect  at  Lake  City  for  Barnum’s,  Cimma- 
ron  and  Los  Pinos  Agency,  to  Ouray,  211  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

No.  77. — From  Lake  City,  west,  via  Sherman, 
Burrow’s  Park,  Tellurium,  to  Animas  Forks,  thirty- 
one  miles,  and  back,  daily.  Saddle. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


No.  78. — From  Del  Norte,  northeast,  via 
Saguache,  thirty-one  miles,  Villa  Grove  and  Poncho 
Springs  to  South  Arkansas,  eighty  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

8®”  Connect  at  Saguache,  via  Barnum’s,  for  Lake 
City,  126  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

8®”  Connect  at  Barnum’s,  via  Cimmaron  and  Los 
Pinos  Agency  to  Ouray,  172  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

No.  79. — From  South  Arkansas,  west,  via 
Poncha  Springs,  Bound  Mound,  Crookville,  Pitkin, 
Gunnison,  sixty-seven  miles,  Powderhorn  and  Bar¬ 
num’s,  to  Lake  City,  daily,  132  miles. 

Coaches,  Passenger,  Mails  and,  Express. 


161 


8®”  Connect  at  Bounb  Mound,  via  Saguache,  Del 
Norte,  Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  Antelope  Springs,  to 
Lake  City,  161  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

8®*  Connect  at  Barnum’s,  via  Cimmaron,  Los  Pinos 
Agency,  to  Ouray,  179  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 

Connect  at  Saguache,  via  Sanderson,  Powder- 
horn  and  Barnum’s,  to  Lake  City,  144  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Mails  and  Express. 

From  South  Arkansas,  via  Del  Norte,  Lake 
City  and  Barnum’s,  to  Ouray,  200  miles. 

Daily  Coaches,  Passengers,  Mails  and  Express. 


Post  Offices  in  Colorado 


COMPLETE  TO  OCTOBER  31,  1880. 


Offices. 

Aspen . 

Acequia . 

Agate . 

Alamosa . 

Alder  Creek . 

Alexander . 

Alma . . 

Alpine . 

Altona . 

Animas  City . 

Animas  Forks . 

Antelope  Springs.. 

Apache . 

Apishapa . 

Arroya . 

Arkansas . 

Arvada . 

Arbourville . 

Ashcroft . 

Aurora . 

Badito . 

Bailey . 

Bald  Mountain . 

Balarat . . 

Barela . 

Barnum . 

Beaver  Brook . 

Belford . 

Bennet . 

Bent  Canon . 

Berthoud . 

Beulah . 

Bird . 

Bijou  Basin . 

Bismarck . 

Black  Hawk . 

Blumenan . 

Bonanza . 

Booneville . 

Bordenville . 

Boulder . 

Bowman . 

Breckenridge . 

Brighton . 

Bristol . 

Brook  vale . 

Brownville . 

Buckhorn . 

Buena  Vista . 

Buffalo . 


Counties. 

.  Gunnison. 
.Douglas. 
.Pueblo. 
.Conejos. 
Ouray. 

.  Lake. 

Park. 

.Chaffee. 

.Boulder. 

.La  Plata. 
.San  Juan. 
.Hinsdale. 
.Huerfano. 
.Las  Animas. 
.Elbert. 

.  Chaffee. 

.Jefferson. 

.Chaffee. 

.  Gunnison. 

,  Ouray. 

.Huerfano. 

.Park. 

.  Gilpin. 

.Boulder. 

.Las  Animas. 

.  Gunnison. 

.Jefferson. 

.Hinsdale. 

.Arapahoe. 

Las  Animas. 

.Larimer. 

.Pueblo. 

.Arapahoe. 

.El  Paso. 

.Saguache. 

.Gilpin. 

.Custer. 

.  Saguache. 

.Pueblo. 

.Park. 

.Boulder. 

.Gunnison. 

.  Summit. 

Arapahoe. 

.Larimer. 

Clear  Creek. 

Jefferson. 

Larimer. 

Chaffee. 

Weld. 


Offices. 

Counties. 

Buffalo  Creek . 

.  .Jefferson. 

Buffalo  Springs... 

.  .Park. 

Burrow’s  Park. .... 

.  .Hinsdale. 

Byers . 

Canfield . 

.  Boulder. 

Canon  City . 

.  .Fremont. 

Capitol  City . 

.  .Hinsdale. 

Carbonateville  .... 

.  .Summit. 

Carnero . 

. .  Saguache. 

Caribou . 

.  .Boulder. 

Cascade . 

. .  La  Plata. 

Castle  Rock . 

.  .Douglas. 

Catlin . 

Central  City . 

.  .Gilpin. 

Centreville . 

. .  Chaffee. 

Chaffee . 

.  .Chaffee. 

Chambers . 

.  Larimer. 

Cherry  Creek . 

. .  Arapahoe. 

Cheyenne  Wells. . . 

.  .Bent. 

Chihuahua . 

.  .Summit. 

Cleora . 

. .  Chaffee. 

Clinton . 

. .  Custer. 

Coal  Creek . 

.  .Fremont. 

Cochetopa . 

. .  Saguache. 

Colorado  City . 

.  .El  Paso. 

Colorado  Springs. . 

.  .El  Paso. 

Como . 

.  .Park. 

Conejos . 

.  .Conejos. 

Conger . 

.  .Summit. 

Cornwall . 

.  .Rio  Grande. 

Cotton  Creek . 

.  .Saguache. 

Cottonwood  SpringsChaffee. 

Cotopaxi . 

.  .Fremont. 

Crescent . 

.  .Larimer. 

Crested  Butte . 

.  .Gunnison. 

Creswell . 

.  .Jefferson. 

Crisman . 

.  .Boulder. 

Crooksville . 

.  .Gunnison. 

Crosson . 

.  .Jefferson. 

Chucharas . 

.  .Huerfano. 

Currant  Creek . 

.  .Fremont. 

Cockrell . 

.  .Conejos. 

Deane . 

.  .Douglas. 

Decatur . 

.  .Summit. 

Deer  Trail . 

.  .Arapahoe. 

Del  Norte . 

.  .Rio  Grande. 

Denver . 

.  .Arapahoe. 

Dickson . 

. .  Huerfano 

Dillon . 

.  .Summit. 

Divide . 

.  .Chaffee. 

Offices. 

Dolores . 

Dome  Rock. . . 

Douglas . 

Dudley . 

Dumont . 

Easton . 

Edgerton . 

Elkhorn . 

El  Moro . 

El  Paso . 

Empire  City. . 
Enterprise.. . . 

Erie . 

Estabrook. . . . 
Estes  Park. . . 

Eureka . 

Evans . 

Evergreen ... . 

Fair  Play . 

Fairville . 

Florence . 

Florida . 

Florissant 

Folsom . 

Forks  Creek. . 
Fort  Collins. . 
Fort  Garland. 
Fort  Lewis. . . 
Eort  Lupton. . 
Fort  Lyon. . . . 

Fountain . 

Franktown  . . . 

Fraser . 

Freeland . 

Free  Gold . 

Frisco . 

Galena . 

Garo . 

Gardner . 

Garfield . 

Georgetown. . 

Glendale . 

Golden . 

Gold  Hill . 

Gomer’s  Mills. 

Gothic . 

Granada . , 

Grand  Lake. . . 

Granite . 

Grant . 


Counties. 

.  La  Plata. 
.Jefferson. 
.Douglas. 
.Park. 

.Clear  Creek. 
.El  Paso. 

.El  Paso. 
.Larimer. 
.Las  Animas. 
El  Paso. 
.Clear  Creek. 
.Jefferson. 
.Weld. 

.  Park. 

.  Larimer. 
.San  Juan. 
.Weld. 
Jefferson 
.Park. 

Park. 

Fremont. 

.La  Plata. 

El  Paso. 

.Ouray. 

Jefferson. 

Larimer. 

Costilla. 

La  Plata. 
Weld. 

Bent. 

El  Paso. 

Douglas. 

Grand. 

Clear  Creek 

.Chaffee. 

Summit. 

Fremont. 

Park. 

Huerfano. 

Chaffee. 

Clear  Creek. 

Fremont. 

Jefferson. 

Boulder. 

Elbert. 

Gunnison. 

Bent. 

Grand. 

Chaffee. 

..Park. 


162 

CROFUTT’  S  GRIP- 

SACK  GUIDE. 

Offices. 

Counties. 

Offices. 

Counties. 

Offices. 

Counties. 

Greeley . 

.Weld.  • 

Meeker . 

.  Summit. 

St.  Charles . 

Pueblo. 

Greenliorn . 

.Pueblo. 

Modoc . 

.Boulder. 

St.  Elmo . 

Chaffee. 

Greenland . 

.Douglas. 

Morgan . 

.  Weld. 

St.  Mary’s . 

.Huerfano. 

Greenwood . 

.Fremont. 

Montezuma . 

.Summit. 

St.  John . 

.Summit. 

Grinnell . 

.Las  Animas. 

Mountain  Dale . 

.Park. 

Saline . 

.Boulder. 

Gunnison . 

.  Gunnison 

Mount  Vernon . 

.Jefferson. 

Salt  Creek . 

.Pueblo. 

Gwillimville . 

.El  Paso. 

Monument . 

El  Paso. 

Sanborn  . 

.Bent. 

Hahn’s  Peak . 

.Routt. 

Moraine . 

Larimer. 

Sangre  de  Christo. . . 

.  Saguache. 

Hall  Valley . 

.Park. 

Morrison . 

.Jefferson. 

San  Isabel . 

Saguache. 

Hamilton . 

.Park. 

Moscow . 

.Costilla. 

San  Juan . : . . 

.Hinsdale. 

Hancock . 

.  Chaffee. 

Muddy  Creek . 

Pueblo. 

San  Luis . 

.Costilla. 

Hartsel . 

.  Park. 

Mullenville . 

.  Park. 

San  Miguel . 

.Ouray. 

Hayden . 

.Routt. 

Mount  Sneffels . 

.Ouray. 

Santa  Clara . 

.Huerfano. 

Hayden  Creek  . 

.Fremont. 

Nathrop . 

.Chaffee. 

Sarinda . 

.Weld. 

Haywood . 

.  Summit. 

Nederland . 

.Boulder. 

Scofield . 

.  Gunnison. 

Haverly . 

.  Gunnison. 

Nepesta . 

.Pueblo. 

Sedalia . 

.Douglas. 

Henry _ ' . 

.  .Lake. 

New  Liberty . 

..Weld. 

Sedgwick . 

.  Saguache. 

Hermitage . 

.  Grand. 

Niegoldstown . 

.  San  Juan. 

Sharano . 

.Chaffee. 

Hermosa . 

.  .La Plata. 

Ni  Wot . 

.Boulder. 

Sherman . 

.Hinsdale. 

Higbee . 

.Bent. 

Ohio . 

.  .Gunnison. 

Silver  Cliff. . 

.Custer. 

Highland  Mary . 

.  San  Juan. 

Ojo . 

Huerfano. 

Silver  Park . 

.  Custer. 

Hillerton . 

.  Gunnison. 

Ophir . 

.  .Ouray. 

Silver  Plume . 

.Clear  Creek. 

Hillsborough . 

.Weld. 

Oro  City . 

.Lake. 

Silverton . 

.San  Juan. 

Horse  Shoe . 

.Park. 

Orodelfan . 

.  .Boulder. 

Soda  Springs . 

.Lake. 

Hortense . 

.Chaffee. 

Osage  Avenue.. . . . . 

.  .Pueblo. 

South  Fork . 

.Rio  Grande. 

Hot  Snrings . 

.  .Ouray. 

Osborn . 

.  .Boulder. 

South  Platte . 

.Weld. 

Hot  Sulphur  Springs.  Grand. 

Ouray . 

.  .Ouray. 

South  Pueblo . 

.Pueblo. 

Howardsville . 

.  .San  Juan. 

0.  Z . . 

.  .El  Paso. 

Spanish  Bar . 

.Clear  Creek. 

Howland . 

.  .Lake. 

Pagosa  Springs.... 

. .  Conejos. 

Spring  Valley . 

.Douglas. 

Huerfano  Canon. . . . 

.  .Huerfano. 

Parlin . 

. .  Gunnison. 

Starkville . 

.Las  Animas. 

Hugo . 

.  .Elbert. 

Park . 

.  Park. 

Steamboat  Springs. . 

.Routt. 

Husted . 

.  El  Paso. 

Parkdale . 

.  .Fremont. 

Sterling . 

.Weld. 

Hutchinson . 

.  .Jefferson. 

Parrott . 

.  .La Plata. 

Stonewall . 

Las  Animas. 

Idaho  Springs . 

. .  Clear  Creek. 

Pella . 

.  .Boulder. 

Suffolk . 

.El  Paso. 

Irwin . 

. .  Gunnison. 

Petersburg . 

.  .Arapahoe. 

Sugar  Loaf . 

.Boulder. 

Island  Station . 

. .  Arapahoe. 

Piedra . 

.  .Conejos. 

Summit . 

.Rio  Grande. 

Jackson . 

.PuelDlo. 

Pine  Grove . 

.  .Douglas. 

Summit  Park . 

.El  Paso. 

Jamestown . 

.Boulder. 

Pine  River . 

.  .La  Plata. 

Sunshine . 

.Boulder. 

Jefferson . 

.  .Park. 

Pinewood . 

.  .Larimer. 

Sun  View . 

El  Paso. 

Juniata . 

.Pueblo. 

Pinkhampton . 

. .  Larimer. 

Swan . 

.Summit. 

Julesburgli . 

..Weld. 

Placerville . 

.  .Ouray. 

Table  Rock . 

.El  Paso. 

Kester . 

.  .Park. 

Pitkin . 

. .  Gunnison. 

Table  Mountain .... 

.Pueblo. 

Kiowa . 

.  .Elbert. 

Platte  Station . 

.  Park. 

Tabor . 

Lake. 

Kit  Carson . 

.  .Bent. 

Platte  Valley . 

..Weld. 

Taylorville . 

.Pueblo. 

Kokomo . 

. .  Summit. 

Platteville . 

.  AVeld. 

Teller . 

.Larimer. 

Kuhn’s  Crossing. . . . 

.  .Elbert. 

Pleasant  Valley. . . 

.  .Fremont. 

Tellurium . 

Hinsdale. 

Lajara . 

.  .Conejos. 

Poncho  Springs.... 

. .  Chaffee. 

Teluride . 

.  Ouray. 

La  Junta . 

.  .Bent. 

Poughkeepsie . 

. .  San  Juan. 

Ten  Mile . 

.  Summit. 

Lake  City . 

.  .Hinsdale. 

Portland . 

. .  Ouray. 

Texas  Creek . 

.Fremont. 

La  Porte . 

. .  Larimer. 

Powderhorn . 

.  .Gunnison. 

Timber  Hill . 

.Hinsdale. 

Larkspur . 

.  .Douglas. 

Preston . 

. .  Summit. 

Tin  Cup . 

.  Gunnison. 

Las  Animas . 

.  .Bent. 

Price . 

Trinidad . 

.Las  Animas. 

La  Veta . 

.  Huerfano. 

Pueblo . 

.  .Pueblo. 

Troublesome . 

.Grand. 

Lawson . 

.  .Clear  Creek. 

Pulaski . 

.  .Las  Animas. 

Tumichi . 

..Gunnison. 

Leadville . 

.  .Lake. 

Quebec . 

.  .Huerfano. 

Turkey  Creek . 

El  Paso. 

Lincoln  . 

.  .Summit. 

Querida . 

.  .Custer. 

Twin  Lakes . 

.Lake. 

Linwood . 

.  .Las  Animas. 

Raton . 

Tyner . 

Larimer. 

Littleton . 

.  .Arapahoe. 

Red  Cliff . 

. .  Summit. 

Ula . 

.Custer. 

Livermore . 

.  .Larimer. 

Red  Elephant . 

. .  Clear  Creek. 

Undercliff  e . 

Pueblo. 

Longmont . 

.  .Boulder. 

Resort . 

.  Jefferson. 

Uncompahgre . 

.  Gunnison. 

LosPinos . 

. .  Gunnison. 

Rico . 

. .  Ouray. 

Valmont . 

.Boulder. 

Lost  Trail . 

. .  Hinsdale. 

Rito  Alto . 

. .  Saguache. 

Villa  Grove . 

.  Saguache. 

Louisville . 

.  .Boulder. 

River  Bend . 

.  .Elbert. 

Virginia  Dale . 

.Larimer. 

Loveland . 

.  .Larimer. 

Riverside . 

Wagon  Wheel  Gap. 

Rio  Grande. 

Lula . 

.  .Grand. 

Roaring  Fork . 

Walsenburgh . 

.Huerfano. 

Magnolia . 

.  .Boulder. 

Rockcliff . 

. .  Saguache. 

Ward  District . 

.Boulder. 

Mahonville . 

. .  Chaffee. 

Rock  Ridge . 

Watkins . 

.Arapahoe. 

Malta . 

Rockwood . 

. .  La  Plata. 

Webster . 

Park. 

Mancos . 

.  .La  Plata. 

Rocky  . 

.  Park. 

Weldon  Valley . 

.Weld. 

Manitou . 

.  .El  Paso. 

Rocky  Ford . 

.  .Bent. 

West  Las  Animas. . . 

.Bent. 

Manassa . 

.  .Conejos. 

Rollinsville . 

. .  Gilpin. 

Wheatland . 

.Larimer. 

Marshalltown . 

. .  Saguache. 

Rose’s  Cabin . 

Wheeler . 

.  Summit. 

Marshall . 

.  Boulder. 

Rosita . 

.  .Custer. 

White  Pine . 

.Gunnison. 

Mason  . 

.  .Larimer. 

Running  Creek _ 

.  .Elbert. 

Willowville . 

.Jefferson. 

Maysville . 

.  .Chaffee. 

Russell . 

.  .Costilla. 

Windham . 

.  .Ouray. 

Michigan . 

. .  Larimer. 

Russell  Gulch . 

. .  Gilpin. 

Weissport . 

El  Paso. 

Mineral  Point . 

. .  San  Juan. 

Rustic . 

. .  Larimer. 

Yorkville . 

.Fremont. 

Mears . 

.  .Chaffee. 

Saguache . 

. .  Saguache. 

Zapata . 

.Costilla. 

CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  163 


AN  UNDERGROUND  WORLD. 


A  LEADVILLE  ATTRACTION. 


The  Cyclopean  Cave  is  said  to  be  a  wonderful 
cavern,  away  down  in  the  bowels  of  the  earth.  We 
did  not  visit  it,  having  a  holy  horror  for  any  road  in 
that  direction ;  can  not  afford  to  go  that  way  or  get 
as  low  down;  consequently,  have  compiled  from  a 
reported  visit  made  by  the  editor  of  the  Leadville 
Chronicle,  one  of  those  fearless  “quill  drivers”  who 
are  ever  diving  into  hidden  mystery.  This  cave  is 
eight  miles  north-east  from  Leadville,  under  Gold 
Mountain.  The  story  of  its  discovery  is  extraordi¬ 
nary  ;  it  was  a  “prospect”  unlooked  for  by  the  dis¬ 
coverers;  one  surprising  in  the  extreme.  Two 
miners,  with  a  “grub-stake  outfit,”  were  engaged  in 
sinking  a  shaft,  and  had  got  down  some  fifty  feet; 
had  put  in  a  blast,  lighted  the  fuse,  and  retired  to  a 
safe  distance,  awaiting  the  explosion ;  it  came,  and 
on  investigation  the  miners  found  the  rocks  from  the 
blast  had  gone  clown  instead  of  up,  and  a  chasm  had 
been  opened  beneath  them,  to  an  unknown  depth. 
It  was  this  subteranian  mystery  the  Chronicle  man 
explored. 

Descending  to  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  ( see  figure  1) 
a  depth  of  forty-five  feet,  the  further  descent  is  at 
an  angle  of  forty  degrees,  over  a  soft  composition  of 
lime,  sand  and  water,  when,  suddenly,  a  vast 
chamber  appears,  which  forms  the  beginning  of  the 
main  cave.  This  chamber  shows  every  evidence  of 
the  action  of  waters ;  the  walls  of  lime,  bearing  traces 


of  the  angry  whirl- pool,  leaving  here  and  there  in 
the  forced  channels,  huge  boulders,  with  veins  of 
sulphuretts,  gold-bearing  rock,  and  streaks  of  heav¬ 
ily  stained  copper,  showing  plainly  by  the  light  of 
torches  on  every  side.  Again  proceeding,  first 
to  the  right,  then  to  the  left,  now  into  large,  open 
chambers,  with  ceilings  glittering  with  beautiful 
stalactites,  and,  again,  through  winding,  irregular 
avenues,  the  passage  closing  up,  leaving  only  a  small 
passage,  to  another  and  still  larger  cave,  the  walls 
reaching  to  only  a  few  feet  from  the  ground.  Roll¬ 
ing.,  like  a  barrel,  through  this  passage,  a  distance 
of  about  fifteen  feet,  a  beautiful  lake  is  reached,  the 
waters  of  which  are  as  pure  as  crystal. 

The  winding,  intricate  hall- ways  are  said  to  very 
much  resemble  the  catacombs  of  Rome.  The  prec¬ 
ious  stalactites  glitter  in  the  dim  light,  like  stars  in 
the  firmament.  Perhaps  the  most  symetrical,  if 
not  the  largest  of  the  apartments,  is  called  the 
Chronicle  Rotunda.  It  is  500  feet  below  the 
point  of  entrance  to  the  cave.  The  roof  rises 
some  seventy  feet,  and  is  nearly  conicle,  the 
general  appearance  being  that  of  the  interior  of 
an  immense  wigwam.  The  walls  are  ribbed  by 
the  action  of  the  water,  and  form  a  series  of 
horizontal  circles  around  the  room.  The  floor  is 
composed  of  a  clear  gravel,  and  through  it  trickles 
a  crystal  stream,  called  the  “River  Styx.”  ( See 
figure  2.) 

One  of  the  wonders  of  the  cave 
is  the  lake.  No  current  seems  to 
disturb  its  placid  surface ;  no  living 
thing  finds  life  within  its  depths; 
all  is  silent  as  the  grave,  within 
this  buried  pool,  where  never  yet  a 
breeze  has  stirred  a  ripple  or  a  sun¬ 
beam  played,  save  when  a  stealthy 
drop  shoots  from  the  darkness 
overhead  and  sinks  in  the  blacker 
night  below.  All  of  the  lake  is  not 
visible  from  any  one  spot ;  in  fact, 
its  exact  extent  is  not  at  present 
known,  as  it  loses  itself  beneath  a 
low,  rocky  arch  into  the  inky  dark¬ 
ness  beyond. 

There  are  many  other  chambers 
worthy  of  special  mention,  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  the 
cave  extends  for  many  miles. 

From  the  main  rotunda,  a  place 


164 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


called  the  “  Bottomless  Pit,”  is 
reached,  but  whether  it  is  bottom¬ 
less  or  not,  Has  not  been  fully  as¬ 
certained,  and  a  stone  let  fall,  re¬ 
turns  but  a  faint  sound  to  the 
waiting  listener.  On,  and  on,  one 
is  conducted,  through  narrow  pas¬ 
sages,  arches,  up  and  down  preci¬ 
pices,  among  tumbling  heaps  of 
pilasters,  columns  and  friezes,  di¬ 
vided  by  strata  at  regular  or  irreg¬ 
ular  intervals,  like  the  ruins  of 
some  Old  World  temple.  Other 
chambers,  recesses,  passages,  etc., 
have  been  called  “Griffiths  Pass,” 
“O’Connor  Grotto,”  “Viele’s  Stu¬ 
dio,”  “Stein  Gallery,”  “Miriam  Cat¬ 
aract,”  “Davis  Palace,”  “Bridal 
Veil,”  “Rachel’s  Piazza,”  “Serpents’ 
Glen,”  “Bessie’s  Boudoir,”  “Lady 
Harris’  Drawing-Room,”  “Beelze¬ 
bub’s  Nose,”  “The  Lover’s  Leap,” 
etc.,  etc. 


Figure  2. — Chronicle  Rotunda — River  Styx — W ashing  Gold. 


Some  Opinions  of  Crofutt’s  “  New  Overland.” 


“  We  took  great  interest  in  the  perusal  of  this  new 
American  guide  book-  it  contains  avast  amount  of 
information,  and  we  should  judge  the  writer  to  be  a 
person  perfectly  familiar  with  the  whole  country 
traversed  by  the  Pacific  Railway,  as  the  most  im¬ 
portant  features  of  each  particular  locality,  and  ob¬ 
jects  of  interest  are  described  in  a  brief,  judicious 
and  carefully  prepared  sketch,  apparently  aiming 
rather  at  a  clear  and  truthful  statement,  than  an 
overdrawn  picture.  The  condensed  form  and  fund 
of  valuable  information  contained  in  this  little  vol¬ 
ume  is  really  wonderful.” — The  Times,  London,  Eng. 

“From  the  fullness  and  variety  of  its  information, 
and  the  matter-of-fact  way  in  which  it  is  communi¬ 
cated,  gives  a  more  extensive  insight  into  the  almost 
inexhaustible  resources  of  the  far  West  than  any 
work  we  have  heretofore  seen.  The  book  is  exces¬ 
sively  interesting,  crammed  with  facts,  profusely 
illustrated  with  maps  and  engravings,  and  in  short 
a  complete  Vacle  Mecum  over  an  enormous  line, 
which  is  a  marvel  even  in  these  days  of  engineering 
triumphs.” — The  London  and  China  Telegraph,  Lon¬ 
don,  Eng. 

The  official  organ  of  the  Mormon  Church,  the  Des¬ 
ert  News,  (Salt  Lake  City,)  says :  “  It  is  just  such  a 
guide  as  is  needed  by  all  travelers  on  the  great 
Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  very  different  from  the  usual 
railway  time  tables,  being  discoursive  and  descrip¬ 
tive,  and  so  far  as  relates  to  this  city  and  territory, 
is  singularly  correct.” 

“  It  is  a  worthy  herald  of  such  an  achievement  as 
the  Pacific  Railroad.  Beside  being  a  complete  and 
authentic  guide,  in  the  strict  sense  of  the  term,  it 


possesses  the  charm  of  a  book  of  travels.  It  de¬ 
scribes  with  sufficient  minuteness  each  and  every 
station  on  the  Pacific  Railroad,  including  also  a 
description  of  prominent  places  in  the  territories 
through  which  the  railroad  passes.  The  traveler, 
with  the  Tourist  in  his  hand  as  a  reference,  knows 
exactly  where  he  is,  what  places  he  passes,  the 
mountains,  rivers,  and  other  matters  which  add  to 
the  value  and  interest  of  travel.” — Golden  Era,  San 
Francisco. 

“  It  is  replete  with  information  of  the  greatest  im¬ 
portance  to  the  settler  regarding  the  character  of 
the  soil,  the  people,  wealth,  prosperity,  climate, 
agricultural  and  mineral  resources  of  the  country, 
so  eagerly  sought  after  by  those  seeking  therein  a 
home.  In  brief,  it  is  a  condensed  history  of  the 
great  mineral  and  wealth-teeming  country  that  has 
been  bound  closer  to  our  own  in  an  indissoluble 
bond  of  iron,  which  will  prove  of  incalculable  ben¬ 
efit  to  both  in  the  numerous  avenues  of  trade,  com¬ 
merce  and  thought.  We  commend  it  with  pleasure.” 
— Art  Journal,  Chicago. 

“  The  work  is  valuable  for  reference,  as  it  contains 
descriptions  of  towns,  lakes,  mountains,  springs, 
etc.,  on  the  line  of  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  other 
information  of  great  interest  to  the  traveler.”— 
Daily  Bee,  Sacramento. 

“  The  work  is  not  only  valuable  to  the  tourist,  but 
to  those  desiring  to  inform  themselves  in  relation 
to  matters  connected  with  this  great  trans-conti¬ 
nental  thoroughfare.”—  Sentinel,  Milwaukee. 

“  Every  traveler  across  the  continent  should  pro¬ 
vide  himself  with  a  copy.” — Omaha  Herald. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  165 

ANCIENT  RUINS. 


The  great  numbe-’  of  pre-historic  ruins,  scattered 
over  the  American  continent,  from  Hudson  Bay  on 
the  north,  to  Patagonia  on  the  south,  have  been,  for 
i  the  last  three  hundred  years,  a  subject  of  much 
thought  by  some  of  the  most  learned  historians, 
writers  and  geologists  of  the  time.  Many  books 
have  been  written  and  theories  advanced  concern- 
:  ing  them;  yet  the  facts,  regarding  the  race  who 
!  inhabited  the  country,  the  age  of  the  world  when 
these  people  lived,  when  and  how  they  were  exter¬ 
minated,  or  whither  they  have  gone,  are  as  much  in 
doubt  to-day,  as  when  the  ruins  were  first  discovered. 

The  area  in  the  United  States  over  which  these 
remnants  of  a  lost  people  are  to  be  found,  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent,  cover  upwards  of  500,000  square  miles, 
of  which  about  5,000  miles  are  in  the  State  of  Colo¬ 
rado,  chiefly  in  the  western  and  southwestern  por¬ 
tion.  The  balance  are  to  be  found  in  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  Southern  Utah  and  California,  along  the 
Mississippi  Kiver,  and  in  several  of  the  northwestern 
States. 

These  ruins  consist,  in  part,  of  cities,  temples, 
walled  enclosures  and  cause-ways,  great  castles  and 
fortresses,  enormous  burial  mounds,  cliff  dwellings, 
scattering  hamlets,  canals  of  great  extent  and 
capacity,  together  with  pottery  and  numerous  im¬ 
plements  of  husbandry,  of  stone,  iron,  and  other 
metals,  with  many  other  unmistakable  evidences 
that  would  seem  to  prove  beyond  a  doubt  that  the 
people  who  possessed  the  .  country  and  built  the 
improvements,  which  now  appear  to  have  been 
abandoned  for  thousands  of  years,  were  of  a 
much  more  civilized  race  than  those  found  inhabit¬ 
ing  it  when  visited  by  our  earliest  explorers. 

According  to  several  writers,  this  ancient  people 
were  of  the  Aztec  and  and  Toltec  race,  and  that  a 
remnant  are  now  to  be  found  in  Central  Mexico,  but 
still  the  question,  “where  did  they  come  from?”  is 
not  answered.  We  are  told,  in  the  Mormon  Bible, 
that  they  are  of  the  “Lost  tribe  of  Israel and  that 
work  gives  a  vivid  account  of  the  “tribe’s”  voyage 
across  the  ocean,  their  wanderings,  wars  with  the 
natives  and  themselves ;  of  their  great  trials  and  de- 
scensions,  and  how,  from  unbelief  and  wickedness, 
the  Lord  forsook  them,  and  how  the  nomadic  Indi¬ 
ans  of  the  North  finally  exterminated  all,  save  one; 
and  that  he,  Maroni,  preserved  the  records  and 
fled  with  them  to  a  distant  part  of  the  country, 
where  he  buried  them;  and  how  he  then  laid  down 
and  died;  and  how  his  spirit  appeared  to  Joseph 
Smith;  and  how  Smith  covered  them,  etc.  If  such 
is  the  case,  then  the  only  question  remaining,  is : 
What  has  become  of  the  original  record  ?  Will  some 
of  our  readers  look  it  up? 

The  area  covered  by  these  ruins  in  Colorado,  are 
wholly  on  the  Pacific  drainage,  the  greater  portion 
on  the  San  Juan,  Mancos  and  Dolores  Bivers,  all 


tributaries  of  the  great  Colorado  Btver,  along  which, 
and  its  many  other  tributaries  in  Utah,  Arizona  and 
New  Mexico,  similar  ruins  are  to  be  found,  covering 
an  area  of  not  less  than  fifty  thousand  square  miles. 

The  section  of  Colorado  under  consideration,  is  in 
La  Plata  county,  in  the  extreme  southwestern  por¬ 
tion  of  the  State.  It  is  comparatively  flat— one 
great  mesa — cut  up  in  canons  and  huge  ravines,  in 
places,  to  a  great  depth.  The  heavy  showers  of 
rainfall  in  this  country,  at  certain  seasons,  and  the 
spring  floods  which  come  thundering  down  from  the 
snow-clad  mountains  of  the  San  Juan,  are  the  agents 
who  have  been  at  work  for  countless  ages  in  the 
construction  of  these  great  canons.  The  mouth  of 
these  canons,  where  they  reach  the  great  rivers,  are 
sometimes  half  a  mile  in  width,  with  sloping  verti¬ 
cals,  or  overhanging  walls,  in  places  2,000  feet  in 
height. 

Notwithstanding,  the  country  is  cut  up  with  great 
canons — innumerable  lateral  canons — and  huge  ra¬ 
vines,  it  is  by  no  means  a  total  desert,  as  some  writ¬ 
ers  represent,  as  along  the  streams  the  grass- covered 
meadows  and  broad  belts  of  rich  bottom  lands,  af¬ 
ford,  with  proper  cultivation,  a  considerable  area  of 
tillable  land ;  particularly  is  this  so  along  the  San 
JuanBiver.  Along  the  valley  of  the  Bio  Mancos, 
Dolores  at  the  big  bend,  San  Juan,  McElmo  and 
Hovenweep,  and  the  canons  in  the  vicinity,  are 
scattered  great  numbers  of  ruins  of  ancient  build¬ 
ings,  some  in  the  open  ground  of  the  valley,  and 
some  in  or  on  the  cliffs;  all  built  of  stone,  sur¬ 
rounded  by  broken  pottery,  evidently  the  remains 
of  that  great  Pueblo  race  which  once  occupied  all 
this  region,  but  which  is  now  without  an  inhabitant. 

The  country  lying  between  the  Bio  Mancos  and 
Dolores  is  generally  dry  and  sterile,  yet  it  is  every¬ 
where  covered  with  fragments  of  broken  pottery, 
showing  its  former  occupation  by  a  considerable 
number  of  inhabitants.  Near  the  mountains  the 
country  is  pretty  well  timbered,  and  along  the  river 
bottoms  are  rich  grasses,  with  some  cottonwoods. 

Prof.  Holmes,  of  Hayden’s  survey,  states  the  man¬ 
ner  of  walling  up  the  front  of  the  cave  dwellings,  as 
shown  in  the  illustration,  was  observed  frequently 
on  the  Bio  Mancos,  where,  in  corresponding  cliffs  of 
shaly  sand-stone,  there  are  many  well  preserved 
specimens.  The  view  represents  a  picturesque  out¬ 
standing  promontory,  hundreds  of  feet  above  the 
valley,  full  of  dwellings,  literally  honey-combed  by 
this  earth-burrowing  race,  and  as  one  from  below 
views  the  rugged,  window-pierced  crags,  he  is  un¬ 
consciously  led  to  wonder  if  they  are  not  the  ruins 
of  some  ancient  castle,  behind  whose  mouldering 
walls  are  hidden  the  dead  secrets  of  a  long  forgotten 
people;  but  a  near  approach  quickly  dispels  such 
fancies,  for  the  windows  only  prove  to  be  doorways  to 
shallow  and  irregular  apartments  of  small  dimen- 


166  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


sions.  It  is  hardly  probable  that 
these  elevated  places  were  the 
dwellings  proper  of  these  peo¬ 
ple,  but  occasional  resorts  for 
women  and  children,  as  a  place 
of  safety  in  times  of  war,  and  in¬ 
vasion  ;  and  that  the  somewhat 
extensive  ruins  in  the  valley  be¬ 
low  were  their  ordinary  dwell¬ 
ing  places.  On  the  brink  of  the 
promontory  above,  stands  the 
ruins  of  a  tower,  still  twelve 
feet  high. 

These  round  towers  are  very 
numerous  in  the  valley  of  the 
Mancos.  In  dimensions,  they 
range  from  ten  to  fifteen  feet  in 
diameter,  and  from  five  to  fif¬ 
teen  feet  in  height,  while  the 
walls  are  from  one  to  two  feet 
in  thickness.  They  are  in  near¬ 
ly  every  case  connected  with 
other  structures,  mostly  rec¬ 
tangular  in  form,  and  were,  very 
likely,  look-outs  or  places  of 
refuge  for  the  “  picket  guard.” 
Jackson,  in  his  extended  ex¬ 
amination  of  the  ruins  in  this 
region,  says :  The  masonry  dis¬ 
played  in  the  construction  of  the 
walls  is  very  creditable;  every 
portion  is  perfectly  plumb.  The 
stones  employed  are  roughly 
broken  to  a  uniform  size,  and 
match  perfectly.  Much  more 
pains  appears  to  have  been 
taken  on  the  exterior  than  the 
interior  surfaces,  the  clay  ce¬ 
ment  being  spread  to  a  perfect 
smooth,  plain  surface.  In  places 
the  cement  has  pealed  off;  in 
others,  the  impressions  of  the 
hands,  and  even  the  delicate 
lines  of  the  thumbs  and  fingers 
of  the  builders,  can  be  plainly 
seen;  in  one  place  a  perfect 
mould  of  the  whole  inner  surface 
of  the  hand  was  imprinted  in  the 
plastic  cement.  Near  the  McEl- 
mo,  on  the  west,  is  a  jagged, 
butte-like  promontory,  of 
brownish  -  yellow  sand  -  rock, 
standing  out  from  the  mesa,  up¬ 
on  the  face  of  which  are  a  num¬ 
ber  of  benches  and  cave-like 
recesses.  These  have  been  built 
up  and  enclosed  with  neatly- 
laid  walls,  making  six  different 
houses,  or  sets  of  rooms  upon 
these  benches,  one  above  the 
other.  Access  was  had  from 
cliff  dwellings,  soijtheen  Colorado.  below  by  ascending  a  steep 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE . 


CLIFF  AND  CLIFF  HOUSES. 


slope  of  debris  for  about  100  feet  to  the  foot  of 
the  rock,  where  is  the  first  and  the  largest  of  the 
houses.  This  is  some  twelve  feet  in  length,  by  five 
feet  deep,  divided  midway  into  two  rooms,  but  ren¬ 
dered  somewhat  indistinct  by  the  falling  down  of  a 
portion  of  the  rock  back  of  it.  The  second  bench 
contains  the  ruins  of  a  row  of  three  small  rock-shel¬ 
ters.  Above  these  are  two  similar  ruins,  very  diffi¬ 
cult  to  reach,  the  ledge  upon  which  they  stand  pro¬ 
jecting  over  the  one  beneath.  The  perfectly  flat 
floor  of  the  valley,  at  the  foot  of  the  rock,  contain 
indications  of  having  been  occupied  by  buildings. 
Fragments  of  pottery  of  excellent  quality  and  neatly 
ornamented,  were  very  abundant  in  the  vicinity. 

Prof.  Holmes  classes  these  ruins  under  three 
headings.  First,  the  lowland,  or  agricultural  settle¬ 
ment;  Second,  cave  dwellings;  Third,  cliff-houses 
fortresses.  Those  of  the  first  class  are  chiefly 
on  the  river  bottoms,  in  close  proximity  to  water,  in 
the  very  midst  of  the  most  fertile  lands,  and  located 
without  reference  to  security  or  means  of  defense. 
Those  of  the  second  class  are  in  the  vicinity  of  agri¬ 
cultural  lands,  but  built  in  excavations  in  low-bluff 
faces  of  the  middle  Cretaceous  shales.  We  imagine 
the  sites  are  chosen  with  reference  to  a  home  and 
security ;  while  the  situation  of  the  cliff-houses  is 
chosen  with  reference  to  security  only.  They  are  built 
high  up  in  the  steep  and  inaccessible  cliffs,  and 
have  the  least  possible  degree  of  convenience  to 
field  or  water. 


As  to  use,  the  position  for  the  most  part  determine 
that,  the  low-land  ruins  are  the  remains  of  agricul¬ 
tural  settlements,  built  and  occupied  much  as  simi¬ 
lar  villages  and  dwellings  are  occupied  by  peacea¬ 
ble  and  unmolested  people  of  to-day.  The  cave- 
dwellers,  although  they  may  have  been  of  the  same 
and  contemporaneous  were,  probably,  built  with  ref¬ 
erence  to  their  peaceable  occupations  as  well  as  de¬ 
fense,  but  it  is  impossible  to  say  whether  or  not  they 
made  these  houses  their  constant  dwelling  places. 
The  cliff-houses  could  only  have  been  used  as  places 
of  refuge  and  defense.  During  seasons  of  invasion 
and  war,  families  were  probably  sent  to  them  for  se¬ 
curity,  while  the  warriors  defended  their  property  or 
went  forth  to  battle ;  and  one  can  readily  imagine  that 
when  the  hour  of  total  defeat  came,  they  served  as  a 
last  resort  for  a  disheartened  and  desperate  people. 

The  cave  dwellings  are  made  by  digging  irregular 
cavities  in  the  faces  of  bluffs  and  cliffs  formed  of  fri¬ 
able  rock,  and  then  walling  up  the  fronts,  leaving 
only  small  doorways  and  an  occasional  small  win¬ 
dow  at  the  side  or  top. 

The  cliff-houses  conform  in  shape  to  the  floor  of 
the  niche  or  shelf  on  Avhich  they  are  built.  They 
are  of  firm  neat  masonry,  and  the  manner  in  which 
they  are  attached  or  cemented  to  the  cliffs  is  simply 
marvellous.  Their  construction  has  cost  a  great 
deal  of  labor,  the  rocks  and  mortar  of  which  they 
are  built  having  been  brought  for  hundreds  of  feet 
up  the  most  precipitous  places. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Numerous  rock  inscriptions  are  to  be  seen,  both 
engraved  and  painted,  upon  the  cliffs,  very  much 
resembling  those  found  in  Arizona  on  the  Gila  River, 
at  a  place  called  “Painted  Rucks.” 

The  cliffs,  on  which  are  to  be  found  many  stone 
buildings,  as  shown  in  the  illustration,  are  of  all 
sizes  and  dimensions,  varying  in  height  from  a  few 
feet  to  over  1,500  feet.  They  are  scattered  along  the 
sides  of  the  canons,  sometimes  only  a  few  feet  from 
the  main  walls,  and  in  others  several  hundred  yards 
away — isolated  buttes.  We  are  of  the  opinion  they 
were  all,  at  one  time,  a  portion  of  the  canon  walls, 
but  by  the  action  of  the  eroding  elements  for  thous¬ 
ands  of  years,  have  become  detached,  and  are  now 
a  puzzling  problem  for  both  the  historian  and  geol¬ 
ogist. 

At  one  point,  we  are  told,  twelve  miles  west  from 
the  Ojo  Yerde,  where  several  canons  unite  by  the 
elimination  of  their  dividing  walls,  and  debouch 
into  a  comparative  open  country,  the  view  west¬ 
ward  is  over  a  wide  extent  of  country ;  in  its  general 
aspects  a  plain,  but  everywhere  deeply  cut  with  a 
tangled  maze  of  canons,  and  thickly  set  with  towers, 
castles,  and  spires  of  most  varied  and  striking 
forms— the  most  wonderful  monuments  of  erosion 
that  eyes  ever  beheld.  Near  the  mesa  stand  detach¬ 
ed  portions  of  it  of  every  possible  form,  from  broad, 
flat  tables  to  slender  cones,  crowned  with  pinnacles 
of  the  massive  sand  stone  which  form  the  perpen¬ 
dicular  faces  of  the  canon  walls.  These  castellated 
buttes  are  from  1,000  to  1,500  feet  in  height,  and  no 
language  is  adequate  to  convey  a  just  idea  of  the 
strange  and  impressive  scenery  formed  by  their 
grand  and  varied  outlines.  In  some  localities  the 
surface  is  diversified  by  columns,  spires,  castles  and 
battlemented  towers,  of  colossal,  but  often  beauti¬ 
ful  proportions,  closely  resembling  elaborate  struc¬ 
tures  of  art,  but  in  effect,  far  surpassing  the  most 
imposing  monuments  of  human  skill.  In  other 
places  are  long  lines  of  spires  of  white  stone,  stand¬ 
ing  on  red  bases,  thousands  in  number,  but  so 
slender  as  to  recall  the  most  delicate  carving  in  ivory 
or  the  fairy  architecture  of  some  Gothic  Cathedral, 
many  of  which  were  upwards  of  500  feet  in  height. 
On  the  summit  of  many  of  'these  wonderful  towers 
are  stone  buildings,  as  represented  in  the  accom- 
|  panying  illustration. 

Prof.  Powell  says  of  these  ruins  and  people: 
“These  cliff- houses  are  usually  placed  on  the  most 
inaccessible  cliffs ;  sometimes  the  mouths  of  caves 
have  been  walled  across,  and  there  are  many  evi¬ 
dences  to  show  their  anxiety  to  secure  defensible 
positions.  Probably  the  nomadic  tribes  were  sweep¬ 
ing  down  upon  them  and  they  resorted  to  these 
cliffs  and  caves  for  safety.” 

Deserted  dwellings  were  found  on  many  tributa¬ 
ries  of  the  Colorado,  by  Col.  Powell,  together  with 
mounds,  cones  and  curious  carved  rocks.  Again, 
he  says :  “In  one  place  we  found  the  ruins  of  an  old 
stone  house,  the  walls  of  which  are  broken  down, 
and  we  can  see  where  the  ancient  people  who  lived 
here  have  made  a  garden  and  used  a  spring,  that 


comes  out  of  the  rocks ;  near  by  we  discovered  some 
curious  etchings.” 

“A  few  miles  below  Labyrinth  Canon,”  Powell 
says,  “we  come  upon  the  ruins  of  a  large  number  of 
houses  of  stone,  similar  to  those  on  the  Dolores, 
and  the  pottery  scattered  about  is  identical  with 
that  found  in  so  many  places.  It  is  very  old  but  of 
excellent  quality,  made  of  red  clay,  coated  with 
white  and  handsome  figures.  Here  the  houses  are 
built  in  the  side  of  the  cliffs.  A  mile  or  two  below 
we  saw  others,  crowning  the  inaccessible  summits— 
inaccessible  except  by  ladders— of  picturesque  de¬ 
tached  buttes  of  red  sand-stone,  which  rise  to  the 
height  of  150  feet  above  the  bottom  of  the  canon.” 

In  another  locality  one  of  the  cliff-houses  is  fully 
1,500  feet  above  the  bottom  of  the  canon,  and  be¬ 
tween  300  and  400  feet  below  the  top.  Every  house 
appears  in  perfect  preservation,  and  when  viewed 
with  a  field  glass,  shows  the  whitewash  still  on  the 
walls,  and  its  size  indicates  that  the  town  once  con¬ 
tained  a  thousand  or  more  people.  At  the  bottom  of 
the  cliff,  it  was  strewn  with  ruins,  evidently  fallen 
from  above,  and  only  portions  of  the  houses  were 
standing. 

From  this  clue  to  the  situation,  we  are  convinced 
that  at  the  time  these  towns  were  inhabited,  they 
extended  much  farther  out,  and  were  connected 
with  the  bottom  by  continuing  projections  of  stone 
stairways.  But  in  this  disintegrating  sand-rock, 
these  projections  have  fallen  away,  leaving  the 
towns  isolated,  and  where  the  stream  runs  close,  it 
has  undermined  the  cliff.  Near,  a  sharp  corner  of 
rock  rises  1,200  feet,  the  face  of  which  presents,  in 
successive  lines  and  grooves,  the  complete  history 
of  the  wearing  down  of  the  canon.  This  projecting 
ledge  is  composed  of  sand-stone,  bands  of  brown, 
shelly,  sandy  limestone,  apparently  harder  towards 
the  summit,  giving  cornices  and  capitals  to  the  cas¬ 
tles  and  palaces  into  which  they  have  been  worn. 

History  informs  us  that  for  a  century  or  two  after 
the  settlement  of  Mexico,  marauding  expeditions 
were  sent  into  the  country  now  comprising  Arizona, 
New  Mexico  and  Colorado,  for  the  ostensible  purpose 
of  bringing  the  natives  under  the  dominion  of  the 
Spanish  crown.  Many  of  their  villages  were  de¬ 
stroyed  and  their  inhabitants  are  said  to  have  fled 
to  regions  at  that  time  unknown,  and,  we  are  told 
by  Col.  Powell,  there  are  traditions. among  the  peo¬ 
ple  who  inhabit  the  Pueblos  of  the  present  day,  that 
the  canons  were  those  unknown  lands.  Be  this  as  j 
it  may,  there 's  no  question  but  the  old  Spanish  con¬ 
querors  had  monstrous  greed  for  gold  as  well  as  a 
wondrous  lust  for  saving  souls.  Treasures  they 
must  have — if  not  on  earth,  why,  then  in  heaven ; 
and  when  they  failed  to  find  heathen  temples  be¬ 
decked  with  gold,  silver  and  precious  gems, they  pro¬ 
pitiated  heaven  by  seizing  the  heathens  themselves 
and  put  them  to  death  to  save  their  souls. 

In  conclusion,  the  questions:  Who  were  these 
people?  Where  did  they  come  from?  When  did 
they  live?  and  Whither  have  they  gone?  still  re¬ 
main  unanswered. 


GROFUTT’S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  171 


Glossary  of  Mining  Terms 

IN  COMMON  USE  IN  THE  MINING  REGIONS  OF  THE  TRANS-MISSISSIPPI  COUNTRY. 


The  list  is  very  complete,  and  includes  the  terms  used  by  American,  Mexican,  Spanish  and  Cornish  Miners. 


Abra — A  fissure;  a  cavity  in  the 
rock  or  lode. 

Abronzado — Yellow  copper  ore,  or 
sulphurett  of  copper. 

Acarreadores— Wood- carriers. 

Acero— Steel. 

Achicadores— Workmen  employed 
in  removing  the  water  in  bota’s. 

Achicar — To  diminish  or  decrease 
the  water  in  the  shaft,  or  other 
workings  of  the  mine. 

Acicular  —  Straight  and  slender 
crystals. 

Ademar - To  timber. 

Ademador— A  timber  man ;  carpen¬ 
ter  in  a  mine. 

Ademe — Timber  works  for  sup¬ 
porting  a  mine. 

Administrator  —  The  Superinten¬ 
dent. 

Administration — The  management 

Attrition — A  grinding  or  wearing 
down  in  particals. 

Acuna — A  die  for  coining. 

Acunar — To  coin. 

Acunacion — Coining. 

Acunador— One  who  coins  money. 

Afinacion — Refining  ores. 

Agata— Agate  stone. 

Aggregated — Where  the  compo- 
nant  parts  may  be  separated  by 
mechanical  means. 

Aquafuerte— Nitrous,  or  nitrous 
acid;  aquafortis. 

Ahondar— To  sink,  or  deepen. 

Ahonde  —  Sinking,  or  digging- 
downward. 

Air-machines — Machines  for  forc¬ 
ing  in  fresh  air,  or  withdrawing 
foul  from  badly  ventilated  mines. 

Air-pipes  —  Used  in  connection 
with  air-machines,  or  for  venti¬ 
lating  mines. 

Aitch-piece  —  The  plunger;  lift 
where  the  clacks  are  affixed. 

Alabastro — Alabaster. 

Albayalda— White  lead. 

Albaredon — A  dyke. 

Albanil— A  mason;  a  brick-layer. 

Albergue— A  hollow,  or  natural 
den. 

Aleacion — The  act;  method  of  al¬ 
loying  metals. 

Alear— To  alloy  metals. 

Alliacious  —  The  peculiar  garlic 
odor  of  arcenical  minerals  when 
struck  or  heated. 

Alluvium— A  deposit  of  loose  grav¬ 
el  between  the  superficial  vege¬ 
table  mould  and  subjacent  rock. 


Almacen  —  A  store-room;  ware¬ 
house. 

Almagra — Red  ocre ;  ruddle. 

Alimentos— An  allowance  as  sub¬ 
sistence;  a  kind  of  “grub-stake” 
to  miners  until  their  mines  be¬ 
come  profitable. 

Almud— The  twelfth  part  of  a  fa- 
nega. 

Alta — The  upper  part. 

Alqifal — Galena  ore. 

Alquilar — To  hire. 

Alumbre—  Alum. 

Amalgum— Quicksilver,  combined 
with  gold  or  silver,  so  that  its 
form  is  changed  from  a  liquid  to 
a  solid  cake. 

Amoldar — To  mould. 

Amatista — Amethyst. 

Amianto — Amianthus. 

Amorphous— Without  form. 

Amparo — Continued  possession  of 
a  mine  to  secure  title ;  keeping 
the  necessary  number  of  men  at 
work  in  accordance  with  mining 
laws. 

Anchuba — Roominess ;  width. 

Angulo— A  corner;  an  angle. 

Anhydrous  —  Without  water  of 
crystalization. 

Ante— Rubbish,  containing  little  or 
no  mineral. 

Apartado— Works  for  separating 
silver  and  gold. 

Aperos — Utensils;  materials;  such 
as  gunpowder,  paper,  fuse,  etc., 
for  blasting. 

Apex— The  top  of  a  hill,  mountain 
or  vein,  that  descends  into  the 
rock  or  earth. 

Apique— Digging  downward  in  a 
vertical  direction. 

Apolvillados — Rich  minerals. 

Apuradores.  —  Men  who  re- wash 
the  earth  from  the  tinas. 

Arch. — Ground  left  unworked  near 
a  shaft. 

Arched.  —  Tunnels  or  drifts  in  a 
mine,  when  built  vvitli  stone  or 
brick,  are  generally  arched  over. 

Arcilla.— Clay. 

Arenilla.— Fine  Sand. 

Argentiferous.— Rock  or  ore,  or 
metal  bearing  silver. 

Arr  astra.— A  mill  for  grinding  ores 
—a  crude  contrivance,  circular 
in  form,  where  ores  are  ground 
to  powder  by  attrition  of  heavy 
stones  secured  by  ropes  to  a  long 
pole — about  midway— one  end  of 


which  is  fastened  on  a  pivot  in 
the  centre  of  the  circle  and  the 
other  end  hauled  around  by  hand 
or  animal  power.  It  is  also  em¬ 
ployed  in  the  amalgamation  of 
gold  and  silver  ores ;  is  construct¬ 
ed  in  various  forms,  and  pro¬ 
pelled  by  steam  or  water  power. 

Apareja.— A  pack-saddle ;  a  set  of 
harness ;  a  block  and  fall ;  a  table. 

Arreador.— Horse-driver  for  mul- 
acates. 

Arriero. — A  muleteer. 

Arroba.  —  Twenty  -  five  pounds— 
Spanish  weight: 

Arsenico. — Arsenic. 

Aserrar. — A  saw. 

Asbesto.  —Asbestos. 

Asfalto.— Asphaltum. 

Astilero. — Openings  in  the  for¬ 
est,  pasture,  &c. 

Assaying. — Finding  the  per  cent- 
age  of  a  given  metal  in  ore  or 
bullion. 

Assessment.  —  Amount  levied  on 
capital  stock ;  amount  of  work 
required  by  the  mining  laws  to 
be  done  on  a  mine  annually  to 
perfect  and  hold  title. 

Asserrador. — A  sawyer. 

Atacadero. — A  Rammer. 

Atacador.  —  Ramrod  for  tamping 
the  charges  in  blasts. 

Atajo  abierto— An  open  cut  in  a 
mine ;  where  it  is  worked  like  a 
quarry. 

Atajador — A  boy;  hostler,  who  at¬ 
tends  the  mules,  horses,  burros, 
etc. 

Atarge— A  water-course  of  ma¬ 
sonry. 

Atecas — Men  who  collect  water  in 
buckets,  and  fill  skins  in  the 
shafts  with  mud  and  water,  in 
order  to  pass  it  off  by  the  shafts. 

Atisador — A  man  who  attends  the 
furnaces;  a  stoker. 

Attierras— Rubbish  in  the  mine 
retarding  work. 

Audit  level— A  horizontal  exca¬ 
vation  used  as  a  drain  for  the 
mine. 

Audit— A  drift  or  tunnel  on  a  lode 
or  vein. 

Audiencia — Principal  tribunal  of 
justice. 

Auriferous  —  Rock  or  ore  that 
bears  gold. 

Average  PRODUOE^-The  amount  of 
coin  value  received  as  the  yield 


172  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

of  any  number  of  tons  of  ore  by 
mill-run  or  smelting  process,  di¬ 
vided  by  the  number  of  tons, 
gives  the  average  value  of  the 
ore;  after  which  the  ores  from 
the  same  mine  are  rated  above  or 
below  the  average,  as  they  prove 
to  be  rich  or  poor. 

Aviado— The  owner  of  a  mine  with 
plenty  of  funds  for  working  it. 

Aviador— The  person  who  supplies 
funds  for  working  a  mine. 

Avio  —  Cash  advanced  for  work¬ 
ing  mines. 

Avios — Tools ;  implements. 

Ayudante— An  assistant. 

Azarcon — Red  lead. 

Azogtjero— A  person  who  superin¬ 
tends  the  process  of  amalgama¬ 
tion. 

Azogue  en  caldo— Quicksilver. 

Azogueria— Storeroom  for  quick¬ 
silver. 

Azogue  —  Quicksilver:  silver  ore 
adapted  for  amalgamation. 

Azogue  ordinario  —  Ordinary  ore 
for  amalgamation. 

Azogue  apolvillado— -Best  ore  for 
amalgamation. 

Azogue  comun— Common  ore  for 
amalgamation. 

Azogue  razonable— Passable  ore 
for  amalgamation. 

Azufre— Sulphur. 

Bach  of  Ores — The  quantity  of 
ores  sent  to  the  surface  by  any 
gang  of  men. 

Back — That  portion  of  a  lode,  or 
level,  the  highest,  or  the  nearest 
to  the  level  above. 

Bab — A  term  for  a  mine. 

Bancos — Rocks  intercepting  the 
vein,  causing  it  to  take  a  differ¬ 
ent  direction. 

Bano  —  The  last  application  of 
quicksilver  to  a  torta. 

Bajo— The  lower  part;  beneath. 

Barra  —  The  equal  shares  into 
which  the  interest  in  a  mine  is 
divided ;  usually  twenty-four ;  a 
bar;  a  crow. 

Barrata  i>e  laplata — A  silver  bar 
1,080  ounces. 

Bar  of  Ground— A  vein  or  ridge  of 
different  description  of  rock  or 
earth,  etc.,  from  that  in  its  vi¬ 
cinity. 

Barren  Contact — A  contact  vein, 
or  a  place  in  the  contact  vein 
which  has  no  mineral. 

Barrena— A  boring  drill  used  in 
blasting. 

Barrenero. — A  boy  attendant  with 
the  boring  tools. 

Barrenos. — Holes  made  in  the  rock 
for  blasting. 

Barreteros.  —  Miners  who  work 
with  picks,  crowbars  and  wedges. 

Barro.— Loam,  clay,  mud,  &c. 

Barquina. — A  large  furnace. 

Barquines.— Forge,  bellows. 

Basauto. — Basalt. 

Base.— The  substance  to  which  an 
acid  is  united. 

Base  Bullion.  —  Precious  metals 
and  lead  mixed  in  bars  or  pigs 
weighing  100  pounds  or  more, 
convenient  for  transportation. 

Batea.— A  vessel  used  for  rewash¬ 
ing. 

Beat  away. — To  excavate  in  hard 
ground. 

Bed.— A  horizontal  vein  of  ore ;  a 
seam;  a  deposit. 

Bed  Rock.— The  formation  under¬ 
lying  pay  dirt. 

Bend.— Any  indurated  argillaceous 
substance ;  indurated  clay,  &c. 

Beneficiar.—  To  dress  ore,  or  ex¬ 
tract  metal  from  ore. 

Bigorneta.— A  small  anvil, 

Blasting. — Driving  a  hole  into  the 
rock  with  a  steel  drill,  inserting 
explosives,  confining  it,  and  then 
setting  fire,  resulting  in  tearing 
the  rocks  into  fragments. 

Blende-Blenda.  —  A  composition 
of  iron,  zinc,  sulphur,  silex  and 
water,  a  substance  when  scratch¬ 
ed  emits  a  phosphoric  light. 

Blind  Lode. —A  lode  having  no 
outcrop. 

Blower. — A  smelting  furnace. 

Bob. — The  engine  beam. 

Blossom  Rock. — Float  ore,  found 
upon  the  surface  or  near  where 
lodes  or  ledges  outcrop ;  detached 
fragments. 

Boca— The  first  opening  made  in  a 
mine;  the  pit;  mouth;  entrance; 
etc. 

Bochorno— Foul  air;  vapor;  suffo¬ 
cating  heat;  want  of  ventilation. 

Bota — A  sack  made  of  skins  in 
which  water  is  lifted  in  the  mines. 

Bota-chica — A  small  leather  sack. 

Bota  grande — A  sack  made  of  two 
or  more  hides  used  to  extract 
water ;  worked  by  whims. 

Bottoms— The  lowest  workings. 

Bonanza  —  Is  good  luck;  a  large 
body  of  ore;  a  rich  strike;  an 
abundant  treasure.  “He  struck 
it  rich,  he  has  a  bonanza.” 

Bonney — A  bed  of  ore  that  commu¬ 
nicates  with  no  vein  of  ore. 

Boom,  or  Bum— Ditch;  a  ditch  or 
channel  washed  through  to  bed¬ 
rock  to  expose  lodes  by  water, 
accumulated  at  the  head  in  a 
dam  and  suddenly  let  loose. 

Bordeta — A  small  pillar. 

Bordes— A  border  of  ore  left  un¬ 
touched  by  previous  workings. 

Borrasca— The  mine  that  does  not 
pay  expenses ;  is  in  an  unproduc¬ 
tive  state. 

Boulders — Large  stones  of  various 
sizes. 

Brace— The  wood  work  over  the 
mouth  of  a  shaft,  or  winze,  to 
which  the  hoisting  tackle  is  fixed. 

Branch — A  small  vein  which  sepa¬ 
rates  from  the  main  lode. 

Breasting  Ore— Taking  ore  from 
the  face,  breast  or  end  of  a  tun¬ 
nel. 

i  Bronce— Brass ;  gun-metal;  iron 
pyrites ;  etc. 

Brood — Impurities  mixed  with  the 
ore. 

Bryle— Indications  of  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  a  lode,  on  or  near  the 
surface. 

Bucking  iron— The  tool  with  which 
the  ore  is  pulverized. 

Bucking  plate— An  iron  plate  .on 
which  the  ore  is  placed  for  being 
bucked. 

Buckers— Breakers  of  ore. 

Buddle— A  contrivance  by  which 
the  stamped  tin  is  washed  from 
its  impurities. 

Buddling  —  Separating  the  ores 
from  foreign  substances. 

Bullion  —  Precious  metals;  gold 
and  silver  in  bars  not  coined. 

Burilada — A  chip  taken  from  a  lot 
of  silver  to  decide  its  value. 

Burro— Of  the  ass  family. 

Burro — A  hand  whim;  a  windlass. 

Buscones— Miners  who  work  mines 
on  shares ;  tributers. 

Buytron —  Furnace  for  smelting 
ores. 

Caballo — A  horse;  a  quantity  of 
sterile  mountain  rock  im¬ 
mersed  in  the  rock. 

Cage — The  elevator  used  for  hoist¬ 
ing  and  lowering  the  ore  cars 
men  and  materials  of  a  mine. 

Cajon  de  granze— The  pit  to  re¬ 
ceive  the  crushed  ore. 

Cajon— Two  montons  of  thirty-two 
quintals  each. 

Calicheros— Lime  burners. 

Calientes — Warm  ores,  containing, 
sulphuretts  of  iron  and  copper, 
and  no  calcarious  matter. 

Caliche— Calcarious  matters. 

Calderas— Boilers. 

Canella — Used  to  cover  the  fire  to 
the  charge  for  blasting. 

Canos— Tubes;  pipes. 

Cantero— A  stone  mason ;  quarry- 
man. 

Cantera— A  quarry, 

Cap  Bock — Formation  overlaying 
the  ore  vein;  pinching  out  the 
mineral. 

Carbonate— A  geological  forma¬ 
tion  which  carries  silver  ore  and 
runs  from  ten  to  seventy-five  per 
cent,  in  lead,  together  with  dirt,  i 
sand,  arsenic,  and  other  matters. 

It  varies  in  appearance. 

Carboniferous— Containing  coal. 

Carboneros — Makers  and  sellers  of 
charcoal. 

Carga— Three  hundred  and  eighty 
pounds,  Spanish ;  a  load  for  a  pack 
animal ;  a  charge  for  blasting. 

Carilleros— Ore  carriers. 

Carpentero— A  carpenter. 

Carretilla  de  mano — A  wheelbar¬ 
row. 

Carrira — A  wagon  or  cart. 

Carritero— A  wagoner. 

Casa  de  moneda— The  mint. 

Cascajal — A  gravel  pit. 

Cascajo— Gravel ;  rubbish. 

Caso— A  boiler  used  in  hot  amal¬ 
gamation. 

Castina— Fluor  or  flux. 

Castido— The  frame  of  the  stamp¬ 
ing  machine. 

Catear. — To  search  for  new  mines 
— a  prospector. 

Caxoneros.— Landers  at  the  mouth 
of  a  shaft. 

Caxo. — Money  chest;  treasure. 

Cebar. — To  feed  or  supply  a  fur¬ 
nace  with  materials  for  smelting; 
add  quicksilver,  &c. 

CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  173 

Cebo.— A  feed  for  an  animal,  prim¬ 
ing  a  blast;  adding  the  second 
lot  of  quicksilver  to  the  torta. 

Cedazos.— Sieves. 

Cerro. — A  mountain. 

Cestas. — Baskets. 

Chimney.— A  chimney  shaped  body 
of  ore,  generally  perpendicular. 

Chlorides. — A  compound  of  chlo¬ 
rine  and  silver. 

Chute. -An  incline  channel  through 
which  the  ore  slides. 

Cinnabar.—  Sulphide  of  mercury, 
or  ore  in  which  quicksilver  is 
found. 

Clack. — The  valve  of  a  pump. 

Claim.— A  piece  of  land  25  to  300 
feet  wide  and  1500  feet  long  which 
the  government  sells  to  the  per¬ 
son  who  finds  mineral  within  its 
limits. 

Claro.— An  open  space  on  the  lode 
from  which  ore  has  been  taken. 

Cob. — Breaking  the  ores  in  order  to 
separate  the  good  from  the 
worthless. 

Cobre. — Copper. 

Cobriso. — Inferior  copper  ore. 

Cohate— A  cartridge  for  blasting. 

Collado— A  hill. 

Collar  of  a  Shaft — The  timber  by 
which  its  upper  parts  are  kept 
from  falling  together. 

Colorados — Ores  showing  a  color¬ 
ing  of  red  oxide  of  iron. 

Comillo— A  reverberatory  furnace. 

Compromiso— A  private  or  joint- 
stock  undertaking. 

Conducta — An  escort  for  a  cara¬ 
van  transporting  precious  met¬ 
als,  etc. 

Conglomerate  —  Pudding  stone 
composed  of  gravel  and  pebbles 

connected  together. 

Contact— A  touching,  meeting  or 
junction  of  two  different  kinds 
of  rock,  as  porphyry  and  slate. 

Convenio — A  legal  argeement. 

Copola— A  cupelling  furnace. 

Cord  of  Ore — 128  cubic  feet  of 
broken  ore ;  about  seven  tons  in 
quartz  rock. 

Core— Miners  usually  work  but  six 
hours  at  a  time.  The  “forenoon 
core”  is  from  6 : 00  a.  m.,  to  noon ; 
the  “afternoon  core”  from  noon, 
to  6 : 00  p.  m.  ;  “night  core”  from 
6:00  p.  m.,  to  midnight;  “last 
core”  from  midnight,  to  6:00  a. 
m.  ;  four  shifts. 

CORTAR  LAS  SORGAS —  To  CUt  the 
ropes;  abandon  a  mine. 

Costeaning— Discovering  lodes  by 
sinking  pits  in  their  vicinity,  and 
driving  transversely  in  their  sup¬ 
posed  direction. 

Costadores— Wood-choppers. 

Country  Bock— The  strata  or  rock 
through  which  the  vein  or  lode 
traverses — usually  valueless. 

Cruces— A  cross  piece  of  the  ar- 
rastras  or  grinding  mills. 

Creston— Outcroppings  of  a  lode ; 
a  vein  of  ore  showing  on  the  sur¬ 
face. 

Crevice— A  narrow  opening,  re¬ 
sulting  from  a  split  or  crack;  a 
fissure. 

Criadero — A  locality  where  ores 
are  thought  to  abound. 

Crib,  or  Curb— A  circular  frame 
of  wood  screwed  together,  as  a 
foundation  for  bucking  or  pul¬ 
verizing  ore  in  a  shaft. 

Criba— Perforated  leather  through 
which  the  crushed  ore  falls  into 
a  receiver. 

Cribbing — A  timber  or  plank  lin¬ 
ing  for  a  shaft;  the  confining  of  a 
wall-rock. 

Croppings— The  rock  that  appears 
on  the  surface,  indicating  the 
presence  of  mineral. 

Cross-Course  —  A  lode  or  vein 
which  intersects  or  crosses  a 
lode  at  various  angles,  and  gen¬ 
erally  throws  the  main  lode  out 
of  its  regular  course. 

Cross-cut— A  level  driven  at  right 
angles  to  the  direction  of  the 
lode.  1 

Crucero— A  cross-cut. 

Crushing— Grinding  or  pulveriz¬ 
ing  the  ores  without  water. 

Cubo — A  bucket. 

Cuchara— A  spoon  or  scraper  used 
in  blasting  to  remove  the  pul¬ 
verized  rock. 

Cueros— Skins  of  oxen,  horses  or 
cows. 

Cuerdo— A  rope. 

Cuna — A  Wedge. 

Cupriferous— Containing  copper. 

Cut — To  intersect  by  driving,  sink¬ 
ing  Or  rising. 

Dead  Ground— A  portion  of  the 
lode  where  there  is  no  ore. 

Dean — The  end  of  a  level  or  cross¬ 
cut. 

Debris— Sediment  from  mines,  or 
.  mountain  washings. 

Denudation — Bocks  laid  bare  by 
running  water,  or  other  agencies. 

Derrecho— Bight ;  straight. 

Desagnes — Outlets  of  any  descrip¬ 
tion,  by  which  water  is  got  rid  of 
in  a  mine. 

Despensa— A  store-room  for  mate¬ 
rials,  tools,  bullion,  etc. 

Destajo— Piece  or  contract  work; 
tut  work. 

Despueble — Failing  to  do  the  ne¬ 
cessary  work  to  hold  a  claim; 
abandoning  the  mine. 

Deuncio — Denunciation;  a  formal 
application  to  the  court  of  law 
to  have  a  mine  adjudged  to  the 
applicant  for  reasons  of  its  not 
having  been  worked  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  law,  or  its  having 
been  abandoned. 

Diggings — Name  applied  to  placers 
being  worked. 

Dip— The  slope,  pitch  or  angle, 
which  a  vein  makes  with  the 
plane  of  the  horizon. 

Diluvium — A  deposit  of  superficial 
sand,  loam,  pebbles,  gravel,  etc.. 

Dowsing-rod — The  hazel  rod  of 
divination,  by  which  some  per¬ 
sons  pretend  to  discover  lodes. 

Drift — The  excavation  made  for  a 
road  underground. 

Dropper — A  branch  when  it  leaves 
the  main  lode. 

Dressers. — Cleaners  of  ore. 

Driving.— Digging  horizontally. 

Dump. — The  pile  of  ore  or  debris 
taken  from  mines,  or  tailings 
from  sluicing. 

Durns.— A  frame  of  timber  with 
boards  placed  behind  it  to  keep 
open  the  ground  in  shafts,  tun- 

.  nels,  levels,  &c. 

Elvan.— Porphyry,  stone,  clay,  &c. 

Embolo. — A  piston. 

En  bonanza.  —  Yielding  rich  re¬ 
turns. 

End  Lines.— The  lines  bounding 
the  ends  of  a  claim. 

Ensajo.— A  trial. 

Ensaye. — Assayer. 

Ensaye. — Assay. 

Escaleras. --Ladders  made  of  poles 
with  notches  cut  in  them  for 
steps. 

Esmeralda.— Emerald. 

Esmariel.— Blende. 

Esmeril. — Emery. 

Espato. — Spar. 

Espato  fluor.— Fluor  spar. 

Espato  Calizo. — Calcarious  spar. 

Espejuelo. — Mica. 

Estaca. — A  stake. 

Estado.— A  statement  of  account. 

Estano. — Tin. 

Estanique. — Pond;  dam  of  water. 

Espeque. — A  lever. 

Estoraque.— Brown  blend  sulphur¬ 
etted  zinc. 

Face.  —  End  of  level  or  tunnel 
against  the  ore  or  rock. 

Faenas. — Common  work. 

Fanegado.  —  Nine  -  tenths  of  an 
English  acre. 

Fanega — A  dry  measure  of  twelve 
celamines,  or  1,599  of  an  English 
bushel. 

Fathom— Six  feet  square  on  the 
vein. 

Fault — The  displacement  of  a  lode 
by  a  cross-vein. 

Feeder— A  branch  when  it  falls 
into  the  lode,  and  joins  a  larger 

*  one. 

Feldspato — Feldspar. 

Fissure  Vein — A  fissure  or  crack 
in  the  earth’s  crust,  filled  with 
mineral  matter.  The  two  walls 
are  always  of  the  same  geologi¬ 
cal  formation. 

Flang— A  two  pointed  pick. 

Flete— Freight. 

Float— Loose  rock  or  isolated 
masses  of  ore,  or  ore  detached 
from  the  original  formation. 

Flume— Boxing  or  piping  for  con¬ 
veying  water. 

Flux — The  flow  of  the  ore  in  the 
furnace  of  the  smelter.  To“flux” 
mineral  is  to  get  it  so  it  will  melt 
and  run.  It  is  obtained  by  add¬ 
ing  to  the  ore  certain  propor¬ 
tions  of  other  minerals,  as  of 
coke,  coal  or  iron. 

Flookan— A  cross-vein  composed 
of  clay. 

Flitxo— Flux. 

Fraguta— Forge. 

Free  Gold— Gold  easily  separated 
from  the  quartz  or  dirt. 

Frente — An  extremity ;  an  end. 

Frijoles— French  beans ;  common 
food  in  some  parts  of  the  country.  1 

1 

174  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

Frutos— Product, ’ore,  mineral. 

Fondon— A  furnace  for  smelting 
ores. 

Foot-Wall— The  layer  of  rock  im¬ 
mediately  under  the  vein. 

Forfeiture — A  failure  to  comply 
with  the  laws,  prescribing  the 
quantity  of  work. 

Fosforo— Phosphorus. 

Fosiles— Fossils. 

Fuellos — A  bellows. 

Fitndicion  —  Smelting;  smelting 
house. 

Fundidor — A  founder;  a  smelter. 

Gad — A  slim,  pointed  iron  wedge 
to  break  away  rock  or  mineral. 

Galena — Lead  ore;  sulphur  and 
lead. 

Galpeador — A  miner  who  works 
with  the  hammer  or  mallet  in 
blasting. 

Gamela— A  large  wooden  bowl. 

Gangue — The  substance  inclosing 
and  accompanying  the  ore  in  a 
vein. 

Gash  Vein — A  vein  wide  above 
and  narrow  below. 

Geode— A  cavity  studded  around 
with  crystals  or  mineral  matter ; 
a  rounded  stone  containing  such 
a  cavity. 

Glist— Mica. 

Granos  de  oro— Grains  of  gold. 

Grasas — Slag  from  the  smelting 
furnace. 

Granzas— Poor  ores. 

Grano — A  grain. 

Granada — Garnet. 

Granito— Granite. 

Greda — Chalk. 

Greta — Litharge ;  fuller’s  earth. 

Grizzley — Bars  set  in  a  flume  to 
strain  out  the  large  stones  used 
in  hydraulic  mining. 

'  Guixa — Quartz. 

Gulch— A  ravine. 

Gulph  of  Ore — A  very  large  de¬ 
posit  of  ore  in  a  lode. 

Gurt— A  channel  for  water ;  a  gut-- 
ter. 

Hacienda — Farm ;  estate ;  works 
for  reducing  ore. 

Hachas — Hatchets ;  axes. 

Hanging  Wall— The  layer  of  rock 
or  wall  over  a  lode. 

Hard  Carbonate— Carbonate  ore 
so  hard  that  it  has  to  be  blasted 
out,  or  picked  out  with  much 
difficulty. 

Heading — The  vein  above  the  drift. 

Headings — In  placer  mining,  the 
mass  or  gravel  above  the  head 
of  sluice. 

Hechado— Dip  of  the  lode. 

Hierro  labrando— Wrought  iron. 

Hierro  colado — Cast  iron. 

Hierro — Iron. 

High  Grade  ORE-See  low  grade  ore. 

Hilo — A  small  vein,  or  thread  of 
ore  in  a  lode. 

Hilo  de  la  veta— Line  or  direction 
of  the  vein. 

Hoja  de  lata — Tin  plate. 

Hoja  de  laton— Sheet  brass. 

Horno — A  furnace. 

Horno  de  magistral  —  Boasting 
stove  for  copper  pyrites. 

Horse— A  mass  of  rock  matter  oc- 

curring  in  or  between  the  branch¬ 
es  of  a  vein. 

Huaco — A  hollow. 

Inch  of  Water— About  two  and  a 
half  cubic  feet  per  minute,  the 
water  that  will  run  out  of  an 
opening  one  inch  square,  or  sec¬ 
tion  under  head  of  six  inches. 

Incline— A  slanting  shaft. 

Ingenios — Engines. 

In  Place. — A  mineral  is  “in  place” 
when  it  is  where  it  geologically 
belongs.  Mineral  in  the  carbon¬ 
ate  vein  is  “in  place,”  but  min¬ 
eral  found  lying  loose  on  the 
mountain  side,  in  large  rocks, for 
example,  or  lodged  in  the  por¬ 
phyry  under  ground,  is  not  “in 
place.”  A  man  may  strike  min¬ 
eral,  but  if  it  is  not  “in  place”  he 
is  apt  to  be  deceived  as  to  the 
extent  of  his  discovery. 

Instrumentos,  —  Tools;  instru¬ 
ments. 

Intendente.— Intendent. 

Interventor. — Inspector ;  one  who 
looks  after  the  interests  of  mine 
owners,  &c. 

Jumping  a  Claim. — Eelocating  a 
claim  on  which  the  required  work 
has  been  done. 

Jaspe. — Jasper. 

Jigger.— Cleaner  of  ores'. 

Jorango. — A  small  basket,  or  blan¬ 
ket. 

Jornaleros.— Day  laborers. 

Jigging,— Separating  ores  with  a 
sieve. 

Jumper. — A  long  lever  worked  by 
one  person. 

Ladrillera,  —  An  iron  ,or  stone 
mould  for  melting  silver,  to  form 
the  barra. 

Lancha. — A  sort  of  hard  freestone. 

Ladrillas. — Bricks. 

Lapiz. — Black  Lead. 

Lapiz  encarmado. — Bed  chalk. 

Laton. — Brass. 

Lazadores. — Procurers  of  men  to 
work  in  mines,  drive  cattle,  &c. 

Lena. — Fire  wood. 

Ledge, — A  lode  or  vein. 

Level.— A  tunnel  cut  on  the  vein 
from  main  tunnel ;  A  drift. 

Llano. — A  plain;  flat  ground. 

Llerada. — Carriage ;  transport. 

Llerador. — Carrier,  conductor, 

Libranza. — A  bill  of  exchange. 

Ligra. — Flux. 

Little  Giant. — A  movable  nozzle, 
attached  to  hydraulic  pipes, 

Locate. — To  establish  the  posses¬ 
sory  right  to  a  mining  claim ;  the 
property  secured  being  desig¬ 
nated  “claim”  or  “location.” 

Lodo. — Mud. 

Lode.— Any  zone  or  belt  of  miner¬ 
alized  rock  lying  within  the 
boundaries  clearly  separating  it 
from  the  neighboring  rock.  It 
includes  all  deposits  of  mineral 
found  through  a  mineralized 
zone  or  belt,  coming  from  the 
same  source,  impressed  with  the 
same  forms,  and  appearing  to 
have  been  created  by  the  same 
process. 

Losa— A  flat  stone. 

« 

Lost  levels — Levels  which  are 
not  driven  horizontally. 

Low  Grade  Ore— Ore  which  runs 
below  twenty  ounces  of  silver  to 
the  ton,  fifty  per  cent,  of  the  ton 
being  lead.  Ore  which  runs 
more  silver,  with  fifty  or  more 
per  cent,  of  lead  is  “high  grade” 
ore,  yet  a  high  per  cent,  of  lead 
is  necessary  to  make  it  high 
grade  ore.  For  example,  ore 
with  one  hundred  ounces  of  sil¬ 
ver  to  the  ton,  but  with  no  lead, 
would  rank  low  grade,  as  the 
smelting  would  cost  so  much  as 
to  leave Tittle  profit  to  the  miner. 

Lumbsera — An  air  shaft;  an  adit 
shaft. 

Macizo — A  solid,  untouched  part 
of  the  vein. 

Madera — Timber. 

Malacate — A  horse  whim. 

Malacatero— A  whim  driver. 

Manantial — A  spring  of  water. 

Mandon— Overseer;  the  boss. 

Mandadero — Errand  boy. 

Man  Hole— A  passage  way  between 
levels  or  workings. 

Manta — A  blanket;  horse  cloth ;  ox 
hides  used  to  transport  ores. 

Manto — A  bed,  or  circumscribed 
stratum. 

Marco— Eight  ounces ;  equal  to 
3.552  grains  English 

Marmol — Marble. 

Martriquila — A  register  for  mines, 
&c. 

Maroma— A  drag  rope ;  hawser. 

Marillo — A  hammer. 

Maquina— A  machine. 

Maqumas  de  vapor — Steam  engine.  ; 

Maza — Stamp  head;  weight  for 
pulverizing  ores. 

Meat  Earth — The  vegetable  mold. 

Mecha— A  match  or  fuse. 

Medida — A  measure. 

Mejora— Improvement. 

Meson— A  common  Inn  mostly  fre¬ 
quented  by  muleteers. 

Metals  flomas — Ores  impregna¬ 
ted  with  lead. 

Mill -Bun— A  test  of  quality  of  ore 
after'  reduction. 

Mill  Hole— A  hole  in  stall  to  pass 
down  rock  or  mineral 

Mock  Lead — Blende. 

Modelos — Models. 

Mojon — A  land-mark  used  to  indi¬ 
cate  boundaries. 

Monteros— A  Mountain. 

Montes — Woods. 

Monton — A  quantity  of  ore ;  a  bach 
under  the  process  of  amalgama¬ 
tion. 

Moorstone— Granite. 

Muestras — Samples. 

Mundice— Iron  pyrites. 

Mun — Any  fusible  metal. 

Moyle— A  drill  for  cutting  ditches. 

Mozo — A  man-servant. 

Natron — Native  carbonate  of  soda. 

Nicolo — Nickel. 

Nitro — Nitre. 

Nivel — Level. 

Nogo  or  Nays — Supports  for  the 
roof  of  a  mine. 

Noria— An  endless  chain  with 
buckets  for  drawing  water. 

CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE.  175 


Ore  Beserves — Ore  bodies  left  for 
stoping. 

Outfit— Tools,  etc.,  needed  in  the 
business ;  provisions,  etc. 

Outcrop — That  portion  of  a  vein 
appearing  on  the  surface. 

Panizo— Hornstone. 

Pan  or  Panning— To  wash  the  dirt 
from  the  free  gold  with  a  pan. 
The  pan  is  similar  to  the  ordi¬ 
nary  milk-pan,  of  sheet  iron. 

Pacos  —  Earthy  ores;  oxide  of 
iron,  mixed  with  various  ores  of 
silver. 

Paja — Straw. 

Pala — A  wooden  shovel. 

Palanca— A  lever. 

Palmo— Spanish  yard. 

Parado — A  relief,  or  change  of  men, 
horses  or  mules ;  a  shift. 

Parcinera — A  partner. 

Parihuela— A  letter. 

Pare — Gang  or  party  of  men. 

Paso — A  dollar. 

Patch— A  small  placer  claim. 

Pay  Streak— That  seam  in  crevice 
containing  the  mineral. 

Pegador— Men  who  light  the  fuse 
or  matches  in  blasting. 

Pella— Silver,  when  all  the  quick¬ 
silver  has  been  pressed  out,  ex¬ 
cept  that  portion  which  can  only 
be  separated  by  distillation. 

Peltre — Pewter. 

Peones— Native  laborers,  who  are 
held  in  bondage  for  debts  they 
are  working  out. 

Peritos— Practical  persons  select¬ 
ed  for  arbitrators  to  decide  ques¬ 
tions  of  right,  in  cases  of  dis¬ 
putes. 

Pepenado— Cleaned  ore. 

Pepenadores  —  Cleaners,  cobbers 
and  classers  of  the  ores. 

Petering— Ore  giving  out;  “peter¬ 
ing  out.” 

Pez — Pitch. 

Piazza— Slate. 

Pico — A-miner’s  pick. 

Piedra  de  toque-  Touchstone. 

Piedra — Stone. 

Piedra  podrida — Eotten  stone. 

Piedra  iman — Lode-stone. 

Piedra  cornea — Hornstone. 

Piedra  pomez— Pumice  stone. 

Pilgrim— Fresh  arrivals  from  for¬ 
eign  ports ;  a  green-horn ;  tender¬ 
foot,  etc. 

Primary  Eock— Consists  of  the  va¬ 
rious  kinds  ofq  uartz,  slate,  gran¬ 
ite,  serpentine  and  gneiss. 

Prospect — Indications  of  rich  min¬ 
eral  ;  a  vein  of  ore  that  has  the 
appearance  of  containing  miner¬ 
als  that  are  valuable ;  they  may 
be  of  any  kind,  gold,  silver,  cop¬ 
per,  etc, 

Presa — A  dam. 

Prit — A  solid  piece  of  virgin  met¬ 
al,  or  the  button  from  an  assay. 

Prospecting — Is  hunting  for  min¬ 
eral  lodes,  placers,  or  other  val¬ 
uables,  on  the  plains  or  in  the 
mountains. 

Protocola— Minutes. 

Pina.— Amalgam. 

Pirites. — Sulphuret  of  iron. 

Pitch. — The  dip  of  the  ore  vein. 


Piping. — A  term  used  in  hydraulic 
mining ;  discharging  water 
through  a  hose  and  nozzle. 

Plata. — Silver. 

Placer. — A  gravelly  place  where 
gold  is  found. 

Plancha.— Pigs  of  lead. 

Pleito. — A  law  suit. 

Plomo.— Lead. 

Pocket. — A  rich  spot  in  a  vein  or 
deposit;  sometimes  a  mine  con¬ 
tains  only  a  few  pockets  of  pay¬ 
ing  mineral,  then  the  mine  is 
called  a  “pocket  mine.” 

Polvoro. — Gunpowder. 

Polvo. — Dust. 

Polvillones. — Eich  ores. 

Porfido. — Porphyry. 

Porphyry. — A  rock  consisting  of  a 
compact  <  base  through  which 
crystals  of  feldspar  are  dissemi¬ 
nated. 

Pulgada. — An  inch. 

Pulp.— Pulverized  ore  in  the  lixi- 
vation  process. 

Pacos.— Earthy  ores. 

Beducing.— Separating  from  for¬ 
eign  substances;  the  reduction 
of  ores  consists  in  extracting 
from  them  the  metals  they  con¬ 
tain. 

Sala. — The  principal  room  of  a  ha¬ 
cienda,  or  any  other  building. 

Saca. — The  ore  obtained  from  a 
mine  in  a  given  length  of  time. 

Salitre. — Saltpetre. 

Sal  mineral  —  Mineral  salt  for 
amalgamation. 

Sal— Salt.. 

Salting  a  mine— Placing  mineral 
or  ore  in  barren  places  to  swindle. 

Seam — A  horse  load. 

Sebo — Tallow-  or  suet  used  for  ma¬ 
chinery,  etc. 

Serapa — The  blanket  dress  of  mi¬ 
ners. 

Scovan  lode— A  lode  having  no 
oxide  of  iron  and  quartz  on  its 
back,  or  near  the  surface. 

Slag— Scum,  dross,  the  excrement 
of  a  metal ;  vitrified  cinders ; 
waste  from  smelters. 

Shelf — The  firm  rock. 

Shaft— A  vertical  or  inclined  exca¬ 
vation  for  the  purpose  of  pros¬ 
pecting  or  working  mines. 

Shieve — The  pulley  over  which  the 
whim  rope  passes. 

Slide — A  vein  of  clay,  which  inter¬ 
secting  a  lode,  occasions  a  verti¬ 
cal  dislocation. 

Slide— A  mass  of  lQOse  rock  envel¬ 
oping  either  lode  or  country. 

Slickenside— A  smooth,  polished 
surface  or  wall  caused  by  friction. 

Slimes — Mud  containing  metallic 
ore. 

Smelting  —  Beducing  the  ore  in 
furnaces  to  metals. 

Slimes — The  finest  of  the  crushed 
ore  and  gangue  from  mills. 

Sluices — Boxes  or  troughs  through 
which  gold-bearing  gravel  is 
washed. 

Silla — A  kind  of  saddle  which 
passes  over  men’s  shoulders  to 
protect  them  in  carrying  ores; 

'  usually  leather. 


Side  Lines — The  lines  which  bound 
the  sides  of  a  claim. 

Sierras— Saws ;  a  chain  of  moun¬ 
tains. 

Silver  Glance — A  silver  ore ;  when 
pure,  carries  eighty- seven  per 
cent,  of  silver,  and  thirteen  per 
cent,  sulphur. 

Sobrante— Profits ;  surplus  residue 
after  expenses. 

Soft  Carbonate  —  Silver-bearing 
mineral  so  soft  that  it  can  be 
readily  taken  out  with  a  pick  and 
shovel.  It  is  usually  sand  im¬ 
pregnated  with  mineral,  the  min¬ 
eral  having  been  carbonated  and 
oxydized.  Soft  carbonates  are 
usually  richer  in  silver  than  hard 
carbonates. 

Sollar — A  small  platform  at  the 
end  of  a  certain  number  of  lad¬ 
ders. 

Soplete— A  blow-pipe. 

Spalling— Breaking  the  ore  into 
small  pieces. 

Stope  —  A  horizontal  bed ;  ore 
ground  adjacent  to  the  levels; 
to  stove;  to  excavate  layer  after 
layer. 

Stamps. —  Machines  for  crushing 
ares. 

Stream  Tin.— Tin  ore  found  in 
the  form  of  pebbles. 

Streamers.— Persons  who  work 
in  search  of  stream  tin. 

Stope. — A  body  or  column  of  min¬ 
eral  left  by  running  drifts  about 
it. 

Stoping.  —  The  act  of  breaking 
down  a  stope  and  excavating  it 
with  a  pick. 

Strike. — A  find ;  a  valuable  mineral 
development  made  in  an  unex¬ 
pected  manner. 

Strata.— A  series  of  beds  of  rock. 

Stull. — Platforms  of  timbers  be¬ 
tween  levels  for  strengthening 
the  mine  by  supporting  the  walls 
and  for  storing  ore  and  deposit¬ 
ing  wall  rock  and  waste  material 
upon. 

Stull  Timbers. — The  large  timbers 
placed  across  the  vein  or  lode 
from  one  wall  to  another,  to  sup¬ 
port  the  lagging  upon  which  the 
ore  or  waste  is  placed. 

Sucino. — Amber. 

Sump. — A  pit;  the  bottom  of  the 
engine  shaft;  a  place  for  collec¬ 
ting  water. 

Superficial  Deposits. — Are  com¬ 
posed  of  such  metals  and  ores  as 
lie  on  or  near  the  surface,  inter¬ 
mixed  with  soil,  sand,  gravel, 
etc. ;  they  are  also  called  wash¬ 
ings  or  stream  works,  these  met¬ 
als  and  ores  being  gathered  by 
washing  with  water ;  much  gold, 
all  platina,  and  some  tin  and  cin¬ 
nabar  are  collected  in  this  man¬ 
ner. 

Sulphuret.— Combination  of  sul¬ 
phur  with  a  ‘  metallic,  earthy  or 
alkaline  base. 

Tackle — Windlass,  rope  and  kib¬ 
ble. 

T.,hona — A  mill  of  small  horizontal 
stones. 


176  CROFUTT’ S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Tailings— The  auriferous  earth 
that  has  once  been  washed  and 
deprived  of  the  greater  portion 
of  the  gold  it  contained. 

Tajadera — Wedge  to  break  the 
tinus. 

Tajamanil— Shingle  for  roofing. 

Tajo  abierto — An  open  cut. 

Tajo— A  cut. 

Talegra— A  bag  of  1,000  dollars. 

Tamping  —  The  material  used  to 
confine  gunpowder  in  blasting. 

Tanda-tarea — A  task ;  compulsory. 

Tapaajos— Bandage  for  the  eyes, 
either  men  or  mules. 

Tellurio — Tellurium. 

Tenates— Sacks ;  bags  of  hides, 
leather  or  cloth. 

Tentadura— An  assay  or  trial. 

Testera — A  dyke  interrupting  the 
course  of  a  iode. 

Ticketings— The  sale  of  ore. 

Tierra  pesada — Barytes. 

Tienda  de  vaya — A  store  at  which 
miners  obtain  weekly  credit. 

Tina— A  vat,  or  jar. 

Tiro— A  shaft. 

Tiro  de  mulas— A  set  of  mules. 

Tornero — A  wooden  vat. 

Torta — A  cake  of  ore  from  amal¬ 
gamation  process ;  a  fiat  mass  of 
mineral. 

Tossing — Suspending  the  ores  in 


water  by  violent  agitation ;  the 
lighter  and  worthless  matter  re¬ 
maining  uppermost. 

Trapiche— Grinding  mill. 

Trementina — Turpentine. 

Tribunal  de  mineria  —  A  mining 
tribunal. 

Triangulos— The  cogs  of  a  stamp. 

Trio  general— The  main  shaft. 

Trunking — Extracting  ores  from 
the  slimes. 

Tummals  —  A  great  quantity;  a 
heap ;  a  pile. 

Tunnel — A  level,  driven  at  right 
angles  to  the  vein,  which  its  ob¬ 
ject  is  to  reach. 

Turba— Turf,  peat. 

Turbit— Mineral ;  yellow  oxide ;  a 
sulphurett  of  mercury^. 

Turning  House— The  first  cutting 
on  the  lode  after  it  is  cut  in  a 
cross-cut. 

Tut -work  —  Piece-work;  given 
price  per  yard  or  foot. 

Tying— Washing. 

Vara  — A  Spanish  yard;  thirty- 
three  inches,  English. 

Velas— Candles. 

Velador— A  watchman;  in  charge 
day  and  night. 

Vein  —  Aggregations  of  mineral 
matter  in  fissures  of  rocks. 


Veta  madre— The  mother  or  prin¬ 
cipal  vein. 

Vidrio— Glass. 

Vigas— Beams ;  split  or  sawed  tim¬ 
ber. 

Vitriolo — Vitriol. 

V itriolo  azul — Blue  vitriol. 

Vitriolo  blanco— White  vitriol. 

Vitriolo  verde— Green  vitriol,  or 
copperas. 

Voladiras— Grinding  stones  at  the 
arastras. 

Walls — The  side  next  to  the  lode. 

Wash— The  first  geological  forma¬ 
tion,  being  composed  of  earth, 
sand,  gravel,  and  other  minerals  : 
“washed”  down  from  the  moun-  1 
tains  during  a  long  series  of  ages. 

Whim — A  machine  for  raising  ores 
and  refuse. 

Winze— A  shaft  sunk  from  one  lev¬ 
el  to  the  other. 

Xabon— Soap ;  a  peculiar  descrip¬ 
tion  of  ore. 

Yesca — Tinder,  or  touchwood. 

Yeso— Sulphur  of  lime. 

Yungue — An  anvil. 

Zacata — Maize,  straw  orgrass,  giv¬ 
en  to  the  work  mules  or  animals. 

Zanca — A  ditch. 

Zawn — A  cavern. 

Zurron — Sacks  made  of  leather; 
cochineal  is  packed  in  zirrones. 


WHAT  IS  SAID  OF  “  CROFUTT’S  NEW  OVERLAND  AND  PACIFIC  COAST  GUIDE.” 


[From  The  Times,  Hartford,  Conn.] 

“Such  a  guide-book  as  Crofutt’s,  presents  the 
whole  scene  as  it  were  ‘in  a  nut-shell.’  This  book 
with  its  large  engravings,  its  maps,  its  convenient 
covers  for  travelers’  use,  and  its  full  and  spirited 
descriptions  of  railways,  towns,  cities,  mountains, 
climate,  productions,  and  scenery  along  the  route, 
fairly  takes  the  reader  along  and  shows  him  not 
only  everything  of  interest  along  the  route  of  the 
Pacific  Bailroads,  but  a  thousand  things  which  no 
traveler  who  clings  to  one  route  alone  would  ever 
see.  Its  descriptions  are  fresh  and  real— no  stereo¬ 
typed  forms  and  copies,  but  the  results  of  the 
editor’s  own  experience  and  observation.  The  sub¬ 
lime  scenery  of  Colorado,  with  its  wonderfully  clear  • 
air,  its  natural  mountain  ‘parks,’  and  its  great 
mountain  peaks  piercing  the  skies  at  a  height  equal 
to  that  of  Mount  Blanc— this  only  one  chapter  of  a 
book  literally  full  and  crammed  with  equally  inter¬ 
esting  matter.  Crofutt  writes  with  the  true  western 
sweep  and  freedom — nothing  small  or  cramped 
about  him.  He  takes  you  over  the  mountains  al¬ 
most  as  the  eagle  flies,  and  brings  you  face  to  face 
with  the  Indians  of  the  far  West.  California  is  here 
pictured  as  you  will  see  it  nowhere  else.  The  work 
has  an  European  as  well  as  an  American  circula¬ 
tion,  translated  into  other  languages.  Its  sale  in 
this  country  is  about  50,000  copies.  It  deserves, 


and  will  get,  a  circulation  three  times  as  large — for 
no  American  guide-book  approaches  it  in  accuracy, 
completeness,  or  interest.” 

[From  the  Daily  Post,  San  Francisco,  Cal.] 

“  To  the  railroad  traveler  it  is  indispensable,  giv¬ 
ing  answers  to  all  questions  which  he  will  naturally 
ask,  and  containing  a  full  description  of  the  towns 
and  all  the  objects  uf  interest  along  the  road ;  while 
to  those  who  have  been  unable  to  make  the  over¬ 
land  journey,  it  comes  nearer  giving  a  vivid  idea  of 
what  there  is  to  be  seen  than  any  other  work.  In 
scope,  and  in  mechanical  execution,  it  is  by  far  the 
best  guide-book  ever  got  up  in  this  country,  and 
probably  the  best  ever  got  up  in  the  world,  for  ive 
have  seen  no  European  guide-book  that  began  to 
cempare  with  it.  Great  pains  seem  to  have  been 
taken  to  bring  the  information  and  statistics  down 
to  the  present  date.” 

[Ex-Gov.  Dross,  in  Chicago  Tribune.] 

“We  speak  from  experience  when  we  say  the  de¬ 
scriptions  of  the  beautiful  and  sublime  scenery 
along  the  route  are  accurate,  perspicuous  and 
graphic;  neither  too  little  nor  too  much,  but  pre¬ 
cisely  what  the  traveler  wishes  to  know.  It  is 
really  wonderful  how  so  much  varied  and  import¬ 
ant  information  could  have  been  condensed  into 
so  small  a  compass  and  for  so  small  a  price." 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


177 


ITEMS  AS  THEY  RUN. 

HISTORICAL,  WISE,  UNWISE,  AND  OTHERWISE. 


The  Pioneer  Press  of  Colorado— In  seeking  in¬ 
formation  on  this  topic,  we  take  an  extract  from  the 
speech  of  George  West,  editor  of  the  Golden 
“ Transcript ,”  delivered  at  a  banquet  of  pioneers  in 
Denver,  on  the  25th  day  of  January  last,  which  is  to 
the  point: 

“The  veritable  “Pioneer  Press,”  of  Pike’s  Peak,  or 
of  what  is  now  our  glorious  State  of  Colorado,  was 
erected  by  Jack  Merrick,  early  in  the  spring  of  ’59, 
and  one  issue  of  the  Cherry  Creek  Pioneer  was 
given  from  it  to  the  barnacles  of  that  day ;  but  then, 
as  now,  consolidation,  or  pooling  of  issues,  was  the 
order  of  the  day,  and  the  Rocky  Mountain  News, 
“the  old  reliable,  ’’published  by  Byers  &  Gibson,  ab¬ 
sorbed  the  Pioneer,  Jack  Merrick  and  all,  and  for 
the  whole  summer  was  the  only  newspaper  pub¬ 
lished  in  the  whole  scope  of  country  now  fed  by  a 
hundred  larger  and  better  filled  sheets  which  make 
their  daily  and  weekly  visits  to  more  thousands  of 
readers  than  the  “old  reliable”  visited  scores. 

”To  illustrate  some  of  the  difficulties  under  which 
the  Pioneer  Press  labored,  I  may  be  permitted  to 
relate  an  incident  of  my  own  advent  into  the  “Cher¬ 
ry  Creek  Settlement.”  It  was  in  the  afternoon  of 

the  10th  of  June,  1859,  when  our  cavalcade  was  pall¬ 
ia 


ing  through  Cherry  Creek  at  the  Blake-street  cross¬ 
ing,  that  the  stentorian  voice  of  old  man  Gibson 
rang  out  from  the  old  foot  bridge— and  the  Lord 
knows  how  many  like  crowds  he  had  hailed  before 
— with  the  anxious  inquiry,  “Say,  are  there  any 
printers  in  that  crowd?”  Mark  Blunt,  Bill  Sumner 
and  myself  innocently  “tumbled  to  his  racket,”  and 
nothing  would  pacify  him  but  our  consent  to  go 
into  camp  over  there  by  Jack  O’Neil’s  cabin  and 
“help  him  out  on  an  extra.”  Horace  Greeley,  A.  D. 
Richardson  and  Henry  Villard  had  just  arrived 
from  the  Gregory  diggings,  and  a  report  of  their 
visit  had  to  be  issued  in  an  extra,  and  that  is  the 
way  the  proprietors  of  the  Pioneer  Press  had  to  se¬ 
cure  the  services  of  printers — by  seducing  innocent 
emigrants  into  their  old  log  printing  office,  over 
on  Ferry  street,  to  set  up  an  extra  from  Horace 
Greeley’s  manuscript !  They  paid  us  twelve  dollars 
for  the  job,  though,  and  that’s  how  we  got  a  start. 

Late  that  same  summer,  Mr.  Thos.  Gibson  started 
“The  Gold  Reporter”  at  Mountain  City,  with  the 
press  and  material  of  the  “Pioneer,  ”  purchased 
from  Jack  Merrick,  running  it  until  the  middle  of 
October  which  was  as  late  as  he  dared  to  stay  in  the 
mountains,  as  everybody  here  then  supposed  the 


178  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 

snow  would  not  be  less  than  a  hundred  feet  deep  up 
there  all  through  the  winter  months. 

Fortunately,  or  otherwise  as  the  case  may  be,  I 
was  enabled  to  contract  for  the  use  of  Gibson’s  press 
and  material  for  the  winter  months,  and  on  the  7th 
of  December,  1859,  issued  the  first  number  of  the 
Western  Mountaineer,  at  Golden,  continuing  its 
publication  in  an  enlarged  form  on  new  material, 
until  the  following  fall.  All  of  you  old  barnacles 
know  how  much  noise  in  our  little  Pike’s 
peak  world  the  Mountaineer  was  enabled  to 
make,  with  A.  D.  Bichardson,  Tom  Knox  and 
“  Sniktau  ”  upon  its  editorial  staff. 

The  press  that  printed  the  Cherry  Creek  Pioneer, 
The  Gold  Reporter  and  The  Mountaineer,  was 
again  sent  by  Mr.  Gibson,  in  advance,  south  to 
Canon  City,  where  it  published  the  Canon  Times, 
edited  by  B.  S.  Millet,  No.  1  appearing  in  Septem¬ 
ber,  1860. 

In  the  spring  of  1860,  our  old  pioneer  publisher, 
Thos.  Gibson,  again  appeared  on  the  stage  of  ac¬ 
tion  (having  previously  sold  his  interest  in  the  News 
to  John  L.  Dailey)  with  a  new  outfit,  and  surprised 
the  people  of  Denver  by  the  issue  of  the  first  daily 
paper,  on  May  day,  1860,  with  the  euphonius  name 
of  The  Rocky  Mountain  Herald,  which  soon  ob¬ 
tained  a  very  wide  circulation,  being  very  liberal  in 
opening  its  columns  to  friends  and  foes  for  free 
discussion  on  all  subjects  conducive  to  the  best  in¬ 
terests  of  the  new  territory.  From  this  emanated, 
by  change  of  name  only,  the  Commonwealth  and 
Republican,  which  in  1863-4  was  the  popular  paper 
of  the  Eocky  Mountains,  having  obtained  a  vast 
circulation  during  the  time  of  the  civil  war,  by  pub¬ 
lishing  telegraphic  -  dispatches  and  transmitting 
them  to  Central  City  and  through  the  mining  camps 
by  pony  express. 

The  enterprise  of  Mr.  Gibson,  who  kept  relays  of 
ponies  every  seven  miles  from  Denver  to  Central, 
and  back  through  Idaho  and  the  Clear  Creek  min¬ 
ing  camps,  was  deservedly  well  appreciated  and 
sustained.  His  boy  riders  would  have  the  war  news 
in  Central  in  less  than  four  hours,  and  return  in  the 
same  length  of  time.  This  was  continued  until  the 
telegraph  reached  Central.  After  the  Cherry  Creek 
flood  of  1864,  which  swept  away  the  office  of  the 
News,  the  Commonivealth  and  News  merged— tak¬ 
ing  the  pioneer  name. 

But  yet  another  venture  was  started  by  Mr.  Gib¬ 
son  in  Central  City,  in  1861,  by  furnishing  a  press 
and  type  for  the  Mining  Life,  which  for  a  time 
was  published  by  Amala  &  Baugh,  and  was  a  very 
spirited  and  lively  sheet,  during  its  existence. 
Black  Hawk,  desiring  to  be  represented  by  a  paper, 
it  having  increased  to  city  dimensions,  negotiations 
were  made  to  remove  the  press  to  that  burgh,  which 
was  effected,  and  its  name  changed  to  the  Black 
Hawk  Journal,  and  was  afterwards  owned  by  Hol¬ 
lister  &  Hall. 

Thus  we  see  that  our  old  friend  Gibson  was  the 
starter  wholly,  or  in  part,  of  six  of  the  pioneer  pa¬ 
pers  of  Colorado,  a  piece  of  history  which  but  few 

are  cognizant  of;  and,  in  the  words  of  George  West, 
he  should  be  remembered  as  the  captain  of  the 
“pioneer  press-gang  of  the  Bockies.” 

THE  COLORADO  PILGRIM. 

The  world  stretches  widely  before  you, 

A  field  for  your  muscle  and  brain ; 

And  though  clouds  may  often  float  o’er  you, 

And  often  come  tempest  and  rain. 

Be'fearless  of  storms  which  o’ertake  you— 

Push  forward  through  all  like  a  man ; 

Good  fortune  will  never  forsake  you, 

If  you  do  as  near  right  as  you  can. 

Bemember  the  will  to  do  rightly, 

If  used,  the  evil  confound; 

Live  daily  by  conscience,  that  nightly, 

Your  sleep  may  be  peaceful  and  sound. 

In  contests  of  right  never  waver- 
Let  honesty  shape  every  plan; 

And  life  will  of  Paradise  savor, 

If  you  do  as  near  right  as  you  can. 

Though  foes  the  darkest  scandal  may  spread 

And  strive  with  their  shrewdness  of  tact 

To  injure  your  fame,  never  heed, 

But  justly  and  honestly  act; 

And  as  the  Euler  of  Heaven 

To  save  your  fair  name  as  a  man, 

And  all  you  ask  will  be  given, 

If  you  do  as  near  right  as  you  can. 

History  records  that  in  the  winter  of  1848,  John  C. 
Fremont,  at  present  governor  of  Arizona,  and  his 
band  of  hardy  “path-finders,”  passed  the  winter  near 
the  site  of  Canon  City.  It  was  there  and  then,  that 
the  illustrious  Fremont  performed  an  act  that  the 
Bepublican  party  argued  entitled  him  to  be  made 
president  of  the  United  States  in  1856.  Just  back 
of  the  city,  on  a  low  “hog-back”  ridge,  the  advance 
guard  of  the  gi’eat  mountain  peaks  beyond,  Fremont 
climbed,  and  to  its  summit  h'e  pinned  the  American 
flag.  It  was  the  labor  of  an  hour ;  the  flag  was  small, 
the  walk  easy,  but  the  deed  immortalized  the  name 
of  John  Charles  Fremont.  There  are  many  now 
living  who  remember  the  shriek  of  the  stump  poli¬ 
ticians  of  the  day :  “He  planted  the  stars  and  stripes 
on  the  highest  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains!!”  It 
was  a  great  deed  at  the  time,  and  we  would  not 
write  one  word  to  detract  from  the  fame  of  the  fear¬ 
less  pioneer,  who  did  much  to  make  known  the 
wonders  of  the  far  west. 

The  original  flag-staff,  has  long  since  been  carried 
away  by.  souvenir  hunters  and  the  patriotic  citizens 
of  Canon  City  are  in  the  habit  of  replacing  it  about 
every  week  in  the  tourist  season,  and  it  is  as  often 
“packed”  away. 

Ox  drivers  on  the  plains  are  called  “  bull-whaek- 
ers;”  mule  drivers,  “mule-skinners.” 

Teamsters  on  the  plains  call  a  meal  a  “grub-pile.” 

180  CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


The  following  table  shows  the  population  of  the 
principal  cities  of  the  state,  with  the  increase  during 
the  last  ten  years,  and  the  relative  male  and  female 
inhabitants  of  each  city. 


Counties. 

Pop.  1870. 

Pop.  1880. 

Increase. 

Estimated 

Voting 

Population. 

Arapahoe . . 

6,829 

38,607 

31,778 

16,100 

Lake . 

522 

23,787 

23,265 

16,890 

Boulder . 

1,939 

10.055 

8,116 

3,683 

Las  Animas . 

4,276 

8,909 

4,633 

3,521 

Gunnison . 

New 

8,764 

8,764 

7,732 

Custer . 

New 

7,968 

7,968 

5,268 

El  Paso . 

987 

7,903 

6,916 

2,121 

Clear  Creek . 

1,596 

7,857 

6,261 

3,823 

Pueblo . 

2,265 

7,617 

5,352 

3,485 

Jefferson . 

2,390 

6,811 

4,421 

2,545 

Chaffee . *. . 

New 

6,503 

6,503 

4,503 

Gilpin . 

5,490 

6,487 

997 

2,443 

Conejos . 

2,504 

5,616 

3,112 

3,066 

Weld . 

1,636 

5,603 

3,967 

2,090 

Summit . 

258 

5,449 

5,191 

4.669 

Larimer . 

838 

4,862 

4,024 

1,162 

Fremont . 

1,064 

4,730 

3,666 

2,330 

Huerfano . 

2,250 

4,149 

1,899 

1,168 

Park . 

447 

3,959 

3,512 

2,470 

Costilla . 

1,779 

2,885 

1,106 

950 

Ouray . 

New 

2,677 

2,677 

2,490 

Douglas . 

1,388 

2,486 

1,098 

1,040 

•  Saguache . 

304 

1,972 

1,668 

932 

Rio  Grande . 

New 

1,946 

1,946 

716 

Elbert . 

510 

1,710 

1,200 

772 

Bent . 

592 

1,654 

1,062 

934 

Hinsdale . 

New 

1,508 

1,508 

603 

San  Juan . 

New 

1,087 

1,087 

837 

La  Plata . 

New 

1,043 

1,043 

573. 

Grand . 

New 

417 

417 

342 

Routt . 

New 

140 

140 

122 

Total . 

39,864 

195,161 

155,297 

99,427 

If  you  are  in  Denver  and  desire  to  purchase  an 
“outfit”  or  team  for  a  tour  through  the  mountains  at 
a  reasonable  price,  go  to  Hartman  at  his  stables  in 
West  Denver  and  tell  him  just  what  you  want — put 
him  upon  his  honor —  and  you  can  depend  upon  re¬ 
ceiving  fair  treatment,  truthful  statements  and 
reasonable  prices.  We  did  so,  and  are  pleased  to 
bear  witness  to  the  facts  from  personal  experience. 


Kester — Is  a  post  office,  on  west  Currant  Creek, 
Park  county,  surrounded  by  stock-raisers,  moun¬ 
tains,  timber,  and  abundance  of  game,  trout,  etc. 

Distance  from  Denver,  141  miles,  by  South  Park 
Division,  Union  Pacific  Railway,  and  s+age;  fare, 
$12.50;  by  rail  to  Garos,  $8.80,  stage,  thirty-seven 
miles,  $3.70;  total,  $12.50—' “Post  Roads”  No.  44; 
to  Canon  City,  twenty-four  miles;  fare,  $2.00. 


Terms  Heard  on  the  Plains.  —  “ Lariat”  is  the 
Spanish  name  for  rope.  “  Broncho,”  California  or 
Spanish  pony.  “Bueano,”  (wa-no)  good.  “Esta 
Bueano,”  (star  wa-no)  very  good;  no  better.  “No 
sabe,”  (sarvey)  don’t  understand.  “Quien  sabe,  ” 
(kin  sarvey)  who  knows,  or  do  you  understand. 


Denver’s  Trade. — It  is  increasing  at  the  rate 
of  twenty-five  per  cent,  per  annum,  according  to 
the  Denver  Times.  The  following  estimates, 
gleaned  from  reliable  sources,  will  he  found  as 
nearly  correct  as  it  is  possible  for  1880 : 


Agricultural  implements  and  wagons .  $780,000 

Auction  and  commission .  800,000 

Bakeries .  275,000 

Books  and  stationery .  200,000 

Boots  and  shoes .  500,000 

Carriages .  200,000 

Cigars  and  tobacco .  2,225,000 

Clothing .  700,000 

Coal . : .  400,000 

Confectionery .  150,000 

Crockery  and  glassware .  250,000 

Carpets .  250,000 

Dry  goods .  2,225,000 

Drugs .  450,000 

Fruits . .  1,250,000 

Furnishing  goods .  200,000 

Groceries . ■  7,500,000 

Grain,  feed  and  flour .  2,000,000 

Harness,  saddles,  etc . . .  325,000 

Hardware .  900,000 

Hats,  caps  and  furs .  200,000 

Hay .  500,000 

Jewelry .  150,000 

Live  stock . 450,000 

Leather  and  findings .  250,000 

Liquor,  wines  and  beer .  2,000,000 

Lumber  and  building  material . . .  2,250,000 

Livery .  300,000 

Mining  machinery . . .  1,200,000 

Meats,  game,  etc . 25,000 

Musical  instruments .  150,000 

Printing  and  book  binding . 400,000 

Paper. . . 75,000 

Sewing  machines . 125,000 

Second-hand  goods .  200,000 

Miscellaneous .  1,000,000 


Total .  $31,255,000 

MANUFACTURED  ARTICLES. 

Beer .  $300,000 

Brick .  460,000 

Crackers . 150,000 

Confectionery  . . . 30,000 

Machinery . 200,000 

Malt .  125,000 

Soap .  100,000 

Tents .  75,000 


Total . . . . $1,440,000 


First  Constitutional  Convention.— August  1st, 
1859,  the  Convention  was  called  to  order  by  Judge 
S.  W.  Wagoner,  and  Elder  Goode  opened  with 
prayer.  About  forty  precincts  were  represented,  by 
some  164  Delegates.  Captain  A.  F.  Garrison  was 
elected  permanent  President,  O.  M.  Wood,  E.  P. 
Stout,  W.  D.  Arnott,  and  Hickory  Rodgers,  Vice 
Presidents ;  Tlios.  Gibson,  Secretary,  and  Henry  H. 
M’Afee,  Assistant  Secretary.  A  great  disparity  of 
opinion  appeared  in  regard  to  the  formation  of  a 
Constitution,  which  did  not  exist  at  the  previous 
meeting,  held  to  discuss  the  subject  and  at  which 
time  this  Convention  was  called.  Quite  a  contest 
arose,  on  a  motion  to  adjourn  to  Auraria,  which 
prevailed  on  account  of  the  inconvenient  situation 
of  the  place  of  meeting,  it  being  so  far  “out  upon  the 


CBOFUTT’  S  GRIP- SACK  GUIDE. 


plains.”  The  main  features  of  importance  were  the 
introduction  of  three  sets  of  resolutions,  the  first  by 
H.  P.  A.  Smith,  that  the  Convention  proceed  to 
memorialize  Congress  for  the  formation  of  a  Terri- 
;  tory;  second,  by  B.  D.  Williams,  that  a  committee 
be  appointed  to  report  to  the  Convention  which  is 
best,  to  form  a  Constitution  for  the  State  of  Jeffer¬ 
son,  or  to  memorialize  Congress  for  the  formation 
of  a  Territory;  and  the  third,  by  Gov.  Beall,  that 
!  the  Convention  do  now  form  a  Constitution.  Mr. 
Williams’  resolution  passed,  and  the  committee  was 
appointed,  who,  after  a  long  and  stormy  session, 

!  presented  a  majority  report,  in  favor  of  a  State 
organization,  and  a  minority  for  Territory.  The 
majority  report  prevailed  by  a  vote  of  fifty-nine  to 
forty-three.  As  a  compromise,  it  was  moved  to 
submit  both  a  State  Constitution,  and  memorial 
for  Territory,  to  a  vote  of  the  people,  on  the  first 
Monday  of  September  following,  for  their  final 
decision.  The  business  of  the  Convention  then  re¬ 
solved  itself  into  forming  a  State  Constitution,  and 
preparing  a  memorial  to  Congress.  After  a  week  of 
arduous  labor,  the  Convention  adjourned,  with  the 
benediction  of  the  Chaplain,  Kev.  M.  Fisher.  The 
decision  of  the  people,  on  the  questions  submitted, 
is  well  known. 


Hauling  ores  in  hides  is  a  very  novel  contrivance 
being  used  by  mining  companies,  whose  mines  are 
situated  away  up  on  the  sides  of  the  mountains. 
Where  the  snow  is  deep  the  ores  are  hauled  down 
in  drags.  The  drags  consist  of  a  green  ox  hide. 
The  ore  is  first  sewed  up  in  sacks  of  100  pounds  each, 
then  placed  on  the  hide,  which  has  loops  around  the 
edge,  and  when  fifteen  of  these  sacks  are  in  position, 
a  rope  is  run  through  the  loops  in  the  hide,  the 
edges  drawn  close  together,  then  a  mule  or  horse  is 
hitched  to  the  head  portion  of  the  hide— with  the 
hair  outwards — and  a  brake  to  the  tail.  The  brake 
is  of  iron,  shaped  like  a  horse-shoe,  with  teeth  that 
drag  through  the  snow,  holding  back. 

In  coming  down  the  hill  the  driver  stands  on  the 
hide,  but  wrhen  it  becomes  necessary  on  account  of 
I  heavy  grade  to  “ down  brakes ,”  the  driver  changes 
his  position  and  stands  on  the  horseshoe  instead  of 
the  hide. 


The  mineral  wealth  of  Colorado  is  practically  in¬ 
exhaustible.  From  the  eastern  base  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  to  the  western  boundary  of  the  State, 
and  from  north  to  south,  the  whole  mountain  sys¬ 
tem  is  one  vast  field  of  valuable  minerals ;  and  in 
all  the  valleys  of  the  same  region,  aside  from  their 
agricultural  or  pastoral  wealth,  the  “color”  of  gold 
can  be  found,  and  in  very  many  places  yields  pay¬ 
ing  quantities,  even  with  our  present  imperfect  sys¬ 
tem  of  mining.  We  say  imperfect,  as  we  feel  the 
time  is  not  far  distant  when  the  necessity  will  be 
realized,  and  the  ingenuity  of  our  people  will  pro¬ 
duce  a  cheap  and  economical  method  for  working, 
not  only  very  low  grade  ores  with  profit,  but  placer 
grounds  that  are  now  unprofitable.  What  is  needed 


181 


is  to  be  able  to  handle  and  treat  ores  yielding  as  low 
as  three  dollars  per  ton,  at  a  profit;  also,  to  be  able 
to  work  the  placer  grounds  without  water,  or,  some 
method  of  securing  an  abundant  supply  of  water, 
when  wanted,  and  at  nominal  expense. 

When  these  improvements  and  necessities  are 
supplied,  the  regions  above  named  will  fairly  swarm 
with  people,  as  thick  as  the  British  Isle,  and  where 
the  annual  production  of  precious  metals  in  the 
State  is  now  but  about  twenty-two  millions,  those 
figures  will  be  multiplied  by  hundreds.  Gold,  sil¬ 
ver,  coal,  copper,  lead,  iron,  and  all  kinds  of  min¬ 
erals,  are  abundant  in  Colorado.  The  country  is  in 
its  infancy,  or  hardly  born,  and  has  a  future  beyond 
the  apprehension  of  man.  Railroads,  cheap  trans¬ 
portation,  inventions  in  mining  machinery,  and  to 
be  more  generally  known  is  all  that  is  required  to 
make  the  State  one  of  the  most  populous  and  inde¬ 
pendent  in  the  Union— as  the  wealth  is.  there,  and  it 
is  inexhaustible. 


The  cooking  in  most  of  the  towns  and  cities  in  the 
mountains,  beyond  the  lines  of  railways,  is  most  in¬ 
fernal.  The  supply  of  meats,  such  as  beef,  mutton, 
elk,  deer,  bear,  etc.,  is  abundant,  also,  trout  and 
feathered  game ;  yet  everything  is  cooked  in  grease 
— fairly  wallowed  in  grease.  The  cooks  do  not  ap¬ 
pear  to  know  anything  about  broiling,  or  boiling,  or 
how  to  bake  a  trout.  When  we  first  encountered 
this  mode  of  cooking,  until  our  return— three 
months — it  seemed  as  though  the  same  piece  of 
meat  left  at  the  first  meal,  and  the  same  cook,  had 
kept  just  a  little  ahead  of  us  for  the  whole  time.  We 
did  not  feel  very  fat  on  starting  out,  but  on 
the  tour  we  lost  just  forty -one  pounds  of  flesh, 
which  is  just  so  many  reasons  for  calling  the  cook¬ 
ing  infernal.  One  would  naturally  expect  to  find 
the  bread,  cakes,  etc.,  edible,  but  here,  again,  is 
grease.  They  will  take  the  finest  brook  trout,  put  it 
in  a  pan  of  grease  that  it  could  swim  in,  and  fry 
until  the  delicate  flavor  of  the  fish  is  completely 
absorbed  in  grease.  We  found  but  one  exception  to 
this  rule  throughout  the  whole  Gunnison  and  San 
Juan  country,  and  that  was  at  Peterson’s  ranch,  on 
the  Los  Pinos  River,  between  Animas  City  and  Pa- 
gosa  Springs ;  there,  too,  was  the  only  place  where 
we  were  reminded  of  the  chicken,  and  that  it  laid 
eggs.  Several  days  we  drove  from  forty  to  sixty 
miles,  and  might  naturally  expect  to  get  ahead  of 
that  first  day’s  cook,  but  when  we  went  in  to  supper, 
that  same  steak  was  before  us,  and  the  cook  peak¬ 
ing  through  the  door,  grinning.  We  did  not  say  it, 
but  thought  damn — mill  dam — and  how  we  should 
grin  to  see  that  cook  and  steak  going  over  it. 


Rico,  as  well  as  many  new  mining  camps  in  the 
San  Juan  and  Gunnison  regions,  have  no  wagon 
roads  leading  to  it,  and  all  the  merchandise, 
tools,  etc.,  are  packed  in  on  the  backs  of  animals, 
mostly  of  the  ass  family.  They  are  called  burros, 
and  persons  engaged  in  the  business  are  called 
“burro  punchers.”  There  are  several  firms  who 


CROFUTT'  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


182 


employ  from  100  to  250  burros,  upon  which  they 
pack  from  200  to  300  pounds,  at  a  charge,  for  trans¬ 
portation,  of  from  three  to  six  cents  per  pound. 
These  burros  have  a  peculiar  kind  of  pack-saddle, 
but  no  bridle,  and  follow  the  lead  jack  in  a  regular 
“Indian  file,”  one  behind  the  other,  and  travel  from 
ten  to  twenty  miles  per  day. 


MILLIONAIRES  OF  THE  FUTURE. 

News  agents  on  cars  are  peculiar  to  the  American 
railway.  These  enterprising  embryo  merchants 
are  not  to  be  found  on  any  foreign  roads.  The  chief 
reason  is  in  the  make  of  the  cars,  as  on  all  English, 
French  and  continental  railways  the  coaches  are 
known  as  “compartment  cars,”  with  doors  on  the 
sides,  not  in  the  end.  Each  coach  is  provided  with 
a  person  answering  the  position  of  a  Pullman  con¬ 
ductor  in  this  country,  all  of  whom  are  accountable 
to  the  chief  conductor  of  the  train.  Each  of  these 
sub-conductors,  before  leaving  the  station,  lock  the 
coaches,  and  no  person  is  allowed  to  enter  or  leave 
until  the  train  arrives  at  the  destination  of  the  pas¬ 
senger,  when  the  conductor  of  the  particular  car 
shouts  the  station  and  informs  the  passenger  that 
the  station  for  which  he  is  ticketed  is  reached. 

“Peanuts”  is  a  name  by  which  the  news  agents  on 
the  Railways  in  this  country  are  generally  known 
among  the  fraternity.  Their  business  is  to  sell  to 
the  traveling  public,  papers,  books  and  the  late 
publications  of  the  day,  with  fruit,  nuts,  cigars,  etc. 
The  roads  are  leased  for  a  term  of  years  by  men  or 
companies,  known  as  General  News  Agents,  who 
pay  the  Railway  Companies,  in  some  cases  as  high 
as  $10,000  per  annum.  These  lessees  of  the  roads 
check  out  the  articles  to  be  sold  on  the  trains  at  the 
retail  price  and  “Peanuts”  are  required  to  make 
returns  accordingly,  receiving  a  per  cent,  on  the 
sales  for  their  compensation— usually  about  fifteen 
per  cent.  The  News  Agents,  or  “train  boys”  as  they 
are  called,  are  selected  for  their  honesty,  sobriety, 
intelligence  and  politeness,  and  are  required  by 
their  employers  to  deposit  with  them  $100  as  an 
earnest  of  their  honesty,  and  for  the  faithful  per¬ 
formance  of  their  duties— chief  of  which  is  to  sell 
all  the  goods  they  can  and  at  the  same  time  be  uni¬ 
formly  respectful  and  agreeable  to  all  persons  with¬ 
out  giving  offense  to  any. 

In  our  experience  of  over  twelve  years  with  “Pea¬ 
nuts”  we  believe  them  to  be,  as  a  class,  endowed 
with  more  intelligence,  honesty,  enterprise  and 
perseverance  than  can  be  found  in  a  like  number 
employed  in  any  other  calling  in  life.  In  proof  of 
this  belief,  we  could  name  many  of  the  most  pros¬ 
perous  men  of  the  day  who  have  been  news  agents 
on  the  Railways.  The  list  would  include  many 
wealthy  merchants,  bankers,  railway  agents,  and 
superintendents;  also  railway  presidents,  of  the 
latter,  one  controls  over  4,000  miles  of  road  and 
counts  his  wealth  by  millions. 

These  News  Agents  fill  a  want,  and  do  it  well. 
Their  sales  are  made  to  those  only  who  wish  their 
goods,  and  who  are' glad  to  purchase.  The  calling 


is  honest,  and  these  tradesmen  are  far  better  than 
the  snob,  who  to  be  factious,  would  insult  his  bet¬ 
ters.  These  agents,  or  “Peanuts”  have  sold  over 
450,000  copies  of  our  publications,  and  we  are  yet  to 
lose  the  first  dollar  by  their  dishonesty  or  failure  to 
pay ;  hence,  we  challenge  the  world  to  produce  like 
results  in  any  other  lines  of  trade. 

At  Denver  is  located  one  of  the  most  important 
educational  institutions  of  the  country,  the  Brinker 
Collegiate  Institute,  founded  by  its  president, 
Joseph  Brinker,  formerly  president  of  H.  M.  &.  F. 
college,  Kentucky.  It  is  a  day  and  boarding  school 
for  males  and  females  of  all  ages  and  comprises  nine 
departments— kindergarten,  primary,  intermediate, 
collegiate,  commercial,  music,  art,  military  and 
boarding.  The  faculty  consists  of  nine  male  and 
three  female  teachers  of  superior  qualifications  and 
large  experience.  The  course  of  study  embraces 
twelve  years,  four  each  for  primary,  intermediate 
and  collegiate  departments,  and  is  comprehensive 
in  the  range  of  subjects  taught.  Certificates  of  pro¬ 
ficiency  are  issued,  upon  satisfactory  examination, 
for  every  study  in  collegiate  departments,  and  di¬ 
plomas  conferring  degrees  of  Bachelor  of  Sciences 
or  Bachelor  of  Arts  are  issued  upon  the  completion 
of  the  scientific  or  classical  course.  Pupils  desiring 
it  can- be  prepared  for  the  junior  year  in  Harvard  or 
Yale. 

The  buildings  are  of  brick,  large  and  commodious, 
will  accommodate  three  hundred  pupils,  and  are 
well  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  a  boarding  school. 

The  location  is  most  beautiful,  the  scenery  une¬ 
qualed,  the  air  pure,  and  the  climate  the  most 
healthful  and  energizing. 

The  first  half  of  a  wagon  train  is  called  the  “right 
wing,”  the  other  half  the  “left  wing.”  In  forming  a 
corral,  the  wagons  of  the  “right  wing”  form  a  half 
circle  on  the  right-hand  side  of  the  road,  hauled 
close  together,  teams  on  the  outside ;  the  “left  wing” 
form  on  the  left  side  in  the  same  manner,  leaving  a 
passage-way  open  at  the  front  and  rear  ends  of  each 
“wing,”  called  “gaps.” 

Colorado  was  first  visited  by  white  men— Span¬ 
iards— in  1540.  Explored  by  Z.  M.  Pike,  who  gave 
his  name  to  Pike’s  Peak,  in  1806;  by  Col.  S.  H.  Long 
in  1820,  who  named  Long’s  Peak;  by  Gen.  Fremont 
in  1843;  by  Gov.  William  Gilpin  in  1840,  who  has 
traversed  the  country  more  or  less  until  the  pres¬ 
ent  time. 

In  our  experience  we  have  found  many  peculiari¬ 
ties  in  hotel  life,  one  of  which  occurred  not  far  from 
Central  City.  The  housekeeper  raps  on  the  door  of 
each  room  about  six  in  the  morning,  to  wake  up  the 
inmates,  should  there  be  any,  simply  to  ascertain 
whether  the  room  is  occupied. 

“Corral,”  (Spanish)  a  pen  made  of  posts  set  on  end 
in  the  ground  close  together,  and  fastened  with  raw- 
hide  thongs,  or  by  wagons  drawn  in  a  circle  forming 
an  enclosure. 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


Classified  Business  Directory. 


"TO  ADVERTISE  IS  TO  THRIVE." 


Agricultural  Implements. 

Kinsey,  W.  J.,  Nos.  167  to  175  Fifteenth  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Ammunition. 

Lower,  John  P.,  377  Blake  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Banks. 

First  National  Bank,  Denver,  cor.  Larimer  and  16th 
sts. 

Hiller  &  Hallock,  Buena  Yista,  Colo. 

Hiller  &  Hallock,  Hillerton,  Colo. 

Books  and  Stationery. 

Stone  &  Co.,  372  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Buggies. 

Suydam.  W.  H.  &  Co.  Wewatta  &  15th  sts.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Carriage  Manufactories. 

Suydam,  W.  H.  &  Co,,  Wewatta  &  15th  sts.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Collegiate  Institutes. 

Brinker  College,  cor.  17th,  &  Tremont  sts.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Colo. 

University  of  Denver,  14th  &  Arapahoe  sts.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Colo. 

Crockery  and  Glassware. 

Gallaway  Bros.,  409  &  411  Lawrence  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Cracker  Works. 

Crocker,  F.  W.,  488  &  490  Blake  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Curiosities. 

Taylor  &  Co’s.  Museum,  286  16th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Diamonds. 

Ingols,  A.  B.,  402  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Engraver. 

Ingols,  A.  B.,  402  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Fishing  Tackle. 

Lower,  John  P.,  377  Blake  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Fruits,  Vegetables,  etc. 

Cornforth  &  Co.  See  Page  184. 

Furnaces  and  Castings. 

Hendrie  &  Bolthoff  Mfg.  Co.,  376  Holladay  st., 
Denver,  Colo. 

Colorado  Iron  Works,  office  471  Larimer  st.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Colorado. 

Hendey  &  Meyer,  Foot  of  16th  st.,  Denver,  Colo 

Furniture  and  Upholstery. 

Kilpatrick  &  Brown,  410  &  412  Lawrence  st.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Colo. 

Gems. 

Ingols,  A.  B.,  402  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Guns. 

Lower,  Jno.  P.,  377  Blake  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Hats  and  Caps. 

Eastman,  F.  B.  &  Co.,  274  15th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Hotels. 

Windsor  Hotel,  cor.  18th  and  Larimer  sts.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Hoisting  Engines. 

Colorado  Ironworks,  office  471  Larimer  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Hendrie  &  Bolthoff  Mfg.  Co.,  376  Holladay  st., 
Denver,  Colo. 

Hendey  &  Meyer,  foot  of  16th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 


Iron  Works. 

Colorado  Iron  Works,  471  Larimer  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Job  Printing. 

Collier  &  Cleveland,  386  Holladay  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Jewelry. 

Ingols,  A.  B.,  403,  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Laundry — (Steam.) 

Ammen,  J.  N.  &  Co.,  553  Blake  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Lithographing. 

Collier  &  Cleaveland,  386  Holladay  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Kinsey,  W.  J.,  167  to  175  15th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Hendey  &  Meyer,  foot  of  16th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Colorado  Iron  Works,  471  Larimer  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Hendrie  &  Bolthoff  Mfg.  Co.,  376,  Holladay  st., 
Denver,  Colo. 

Museum. 

Taylor,  G.  L.  &  Co.,  186  16th  st.,  Tribune  Block, 
Denver,  Colo. 

Ore  Sacks. 

Morrison,  YahYliet  &  Co.,  402  Holladay  st.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Colo. 

Periodicals. 

Stone  &  Co.,  372  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Railways. 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe,  see  inside  back  cover 
page. 

Denver  &  Bio  Grande,  see  map  of  that  road. 

Union  Pacific  Bail  way,  see  fly  leaf,  opposite  front 
cover. 

Yandalia  Line,  front  inside  cover. 

Real  Estate. 

Berkey,  Jno.  M.  &  Co.,  271 15th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Saw  Mills. 

Hendey  &  Meyer,  foot  of  16th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 
Hendrie  &  Bolthoff  Mfg.  Co.,  376  Holladay  st., 
Denver,  Colo. 

Silverware. 

Ingols,  A.  B.,  402  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Col. 

Stamp  Mills. 

Hendrie  &  Bolthoff  Mfg.  Co.,  376  Holladay  st., 
Denver,  Colo. 

Colorado  Iron  Works,  471  Larimer  st.,  Denver, 
Colo. 

Hendey  &  Meyer,  foot  of  16th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Stereoscopic  Views. 

Stone  &  Co.,  372  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Tents. 

Morrison,  Yan  Yleit  &  Co.,  402  Holladay  st.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Colo. 

Trimming  and  Painting. 

Suydam,  W.  H.  &  Co.,  cor.  Wewatta  and  15th  sts., 
Denver,  Colo. 

Wagons — (Freight,  Farm  and  Spring.) 

Kinsey,  W.  J.,  167  to  175  15th  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 

Wagon  Covers. 

Morrison,  Van  Vliet  &  Co.,  402  Holladay  st.,  Den¬ 
ver,  Col. 

Watches. 

Ingols,  A.  B.,  402  Larimer  st.,  Denver,  Colo. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  DENVER. 

For  both  Sexes.  Students  Received  at  any  time. 


Colt’s 
pistols 
SHARPS  RIFLES, 
Shot  Guns, 

Ammunition,  Cutlery ,  Fishing  Tackle,  Sporting  Goods,  d-c. 

JOHRST  P\  LOWER, 

Sportsmen’s  Depot,  377  Blake  St.,  DENVER,  COEORADO. 


CORNFORTH  &  CO. 

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

Vegetables,  Candies.  If  tils.  Figs,  Dates, 


BUTTER  ^.lATJD  ZEGOP 


'  •*  * 


NOS.  372  AND  374  HOLLADAY  STREET,  DENVER. 

SPECIALTIES  : 


Pears ,  M.  T.  B.  &  Co .,  Sacramento ,  Cal. 
California  Grapes, 

Peaches ,  M.  T. 

Oranges ,  Lemons , 

California  Fruits , 

Apples  and  Cider , 


B.  (&  Co.,  Sacramento ,  Cal. 


Cigars. 


Brinker  Collegiate  Institute  and  Commercial  College 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


_ 

A  Boarding  and  Day 
!  School  for  Males  and 

Females.  Embraces 
{  nine  Departments  : 

KINDERGARTEN. 

PRIM  ART, with  four 
grades  of  pupils  of 
five  to  ten  years  of 
age. 

INTERME  DIA  TE, 
with  LanguageLes- 
son  and  Grammar 
Grades. 

COLLEGIATE, with 
Scientific  and  Clas¬ 
sical  Courses. 

COMMERCIAL, 
with  Day  Business 
Course,  and  Eve¬ 
ning  High  Commer¬ 
cial  Course. 

MUSIC,  with  full 
courses  for  Piano- 


JOSEPH 


Forte,  Organ,  Gui¬ 
tar,  and  Vocaliza¬ 
tion. 

ART,  with  courses  in 
Drawing , Painting , 
Embroidery,  Elo¬ 
cution  and  Focal 
Gymnastics. 

MILITARY,  with 
Drill  in  Manual 
of  Arms,  Guard 
Mounting,  Evolu¬ 
tion  in  Squads, 
Platoons  and  Com¬ 
panies. 

BOARDING,  with 
new  and  commodi¬ 
ous  buildings,  four 
stories  high ;  each 
floor  supplied  with 
ivater -closets,  bath¬ 
rooms  and  gas ;  the 
bed  rooms  ac  :om- 
modating  two  to 
four  pupils. 


Matron. 


DENVER,  COLORADO 

BRINKER,  President . Mrs.  LIZZIE  BRINKER, 


CROFUTT’  S  GRIP-SACK  GUIDE. 


C.  F.  HENDRIE.  Sec’y  and  T reas. 


H.  BOLTHOFF  Sup’t. 


Hendrie  &  Bolthoff 
Mfg.  Co. 

MINING  MACHINERY, 

Stcmvp  11$  Sc  Smelt eFu/imaceo. 

WESTERN  AGENCY  FOR 

National  Tube  Works  Co.  Roeblings Sons’  Steel  Rope 
Howe’s  Improved  Scales.  Knowles’  Steam  Pumps. 
General  Mine  and  Mill  Supplies. 

OFFICE  AND  WAREROOMS,  376  HOLLADAY  ST,, 

Denvek,  Col. 

A  FULL  LINE  KEPT  IN  STOCK. 


(JCoLoLtyvc}-  SpLCj-imee  Sc  Ta  mpivtcj-  ‘DKacAin  w vy. 


1865-1881. 


A.  B.  INGOLS, 

t  Senjs, 


THE  WINDSOR, 


DENVER,  COL. 


LARGEST  AND  MOST  ELEGANTLY  APPOINTED  HOTEL 

IN  THE  WEST. 


cAo 

VOtt 

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:  >— H : 

It-1: 

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j!*J! 

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ltd: 

OyO 


JEWELRY. 

Diamonds  Mounted  and  Fine  Watches  Repaired.  Conductors' 
Time  Watches  a  Specialty. 


No.  403  Larimer  Street, 

‘Te-tV'ce-t-,  0oE 


Opened  June,  1880.  Centrally  located,  with  a  commanding 
view  o£  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Turkish,  Vapor  and  Mercurial 
Bath  Rooms  in  connection  with  hotel.  Parties  visiting  Colorado 
either  for  business,  pleasure  or  health,  will  find  at  the  Windsor 
accommodations  unsurpassed. 

BUSH,  TABOR  &  CO.,  Proprietors. 


JOHN  M.  BERKEY.  1870  H-  T‘  BURCHARD- 

JOHN  M.  BERKEY  &  CO, 

271  15th  St,  Denver, 

Real  Estate  Brokers. 


The  Oldest  Firm  and  Best  Established  Real  Estate  House 
in  Colorado. 


Money  Invested 


For  non-residents  on  good,  improved  Real  Estate.  Make  a  spe¬ 
cialty  of  care  of  property  and 


COLLECTION  OF  RENTS 

...  «. 

for  non-residents.  Thoroughly  posted  on  all  the  material  inter¬ 
ests  of  Colorado.  Correspondence  from  interested  parties  will 
receive  prompt  attention. 

Refer  to  any  of  the  National  Banks  of  Denver 

as  to  standing  and  reliability. 


FROM  "CROFUTT’S  NEW  OVERLAND." 


Utah’s  Best  Chop. 

Young  Mormons - Photographed  from  life,  by  Savage,  of  Salt  Lake  City. 


BUY  "  CROFUTT'S  NEW  OVERLAND  TOURIST," 


